‘Tracksuit Traitors’: Eastern German Top Athletes on the Run     

Jutta Braun  René Wiese 《国际体育史杂志》2014,31(12):1519-1534

In the time between its founding and the fall of the wall in November 1989, more than three million people left the German Democratic Republic, many of them illegally and under dangerous circumstances. The party leadership perceived this mass exodus of its citizens as one of the major threats for the real socialist regime.1^?1. Bispinck Bispinck, Henrick. “Republikflucht. Flucht und Ausreise als Problem der DDR-Führung.” Vor dem Mauerbau. Politik und Gesellschaft der DDR in den Fünfziger Jahren, edited by MichaelSchwartz and Hermann Wentker, 285–309. München: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2003. [Google Scholar], “Republikflucht.”‘Republikflucht’, as this move from East to West was called by the party leadership, was the reason for the two most important hiatuses in Eastern German history: the first result was that the SED leadership built the wall in August 1961. Many years later, in the fall of 1989, the situation culminated, when a flood of desperate refugees tried to escape to the Federal Republic of Germany via Hungary, Poland and Czechoslovakia, thus effectively hurrying along the regime's demise. The world of sports, too, was considerably affected by this phenomenon. The following essay shall offer a short historical summary of the different reasons and routes Eastern German top athletes chose for their escape. Examples from various decades show that in spite of individual circumstances certain similarities in pattern can be made out, especially in respect to the way the government dealt with these cases of ‘treason’.  相似文献   

Childhood trauma and neighborhood-level crime interact in predicting adult posttraumatic stress and major depression symptoms     

《Child abuse & neglect》2016

Previous research has identified several individual-level factors that modify the risk of childhood trauma on adult psychiatric symptoms, including symptoms of major depression (MD) and posttraumatic stress (PTS). Neighborhood-level factors also influence the impact of individual-level exposures on adult psychopathology. However, no prior studies to our knowledge have explored cross-level interactions between childhood trauma and neighborhood-level factors on MD and PTS symptoms. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore cross-level interactions between a neighborhood-level factor – neighborhood-level crime – and childhood trauma on MD and PTS symptoms. Participants in this study (N = 3192) were recruited from a large public hospital, and completed self-report inventories of childhood trauma and MD and PTS symptoms. Participant addresses were mapped onto 2010 census tracts, and data on crime within each tract were collected. Multilevel models found a significant cross-level interaction between childhood trauma and neighborhood crime on MD symptoms, such that the influence of high levels of childhood trauma on MD symptoms was enhanced for participants living in high-crime neighborhoods. Supplementary analyses found variation in the strength of cross-level interaction terms by types of childhood trauma and crime, with the strongest associations including emotional neglect paired with personal and property crime. The results provide preliminary support for interventions that help childhood trauma survivors find housing in less vulnerable neighborhoods and build skills to cope with neighborhood crime.  相似文献   

德日刑法学中的财产罪保护法益问题之比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘明祥 《华中科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2000,14(1):38-42

财产罪侵害何种法益是以德日为代表的大陆法系国家刑法理论上早有争议的问题。在德国有法律的财产说、经济的财产说和法律的经济的财产说之争，在日本则有本权说、占有说及各种修正说之论。争论的实质在于：是扩大、缩小、还是适当限制财产罪的处罚范围。从马克思主义关于犯罪本质的学说而论，财产罪的本质是侵犯财产所有权，似乎本权说更为可取；刑法的廉谦抑性原则也要求对财产罪的处罚范围加以限制，采取本权说更符合刑法的精神。但对传统的本权说应该作适当的修正。  相似文献   

兴奋剂泛滥的技术根源分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

董传升 《沈阳体育学院学报》2005,24(3):42-43,46

运用哲学思辨的方法,分析兴奋剂泛滥的根源,结果表明:兴奋剂之所以泛滥,一方面是人们为了胜利的目的而采取的一种严重违背体育道德规范的不正当行为以及客观存在的兴奋剂检测的伦理和法律障碍造成的,另一方面是因为兴奋剂的检测不可避免地陷入了技术悖论之中,即兴奋剂的检测总是在兴奋剂产生之后,检测技术也总是落后于兴奋剂的研制技术。  相似文献   

关于竞技体育中兴奋剂问题的研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

周国海  丁志英 《沈阳体育学院学报》2005,24(4):19-21

对兴奋剂在世界竞技体育中的使用与禁用进行回顾与反思,诠释兴奋剂的定义及种类,归纳兴奋剂的滋生、蔓延、危害,提出了兴奋剂泛滥的根源,提出竞技体育运动反兴奋剂的对策。  相似文献   

提高犯罪成本 促进依法治国     

石中光 《怀化学院学报》2001,20(4):25-27

当前违法、犯罪现象蔓延滋长 ,腐败现象居高不下的一个重要原因是犯罪成本太低。因此 ,应当提高犯罪成本 ,加强法制建设 ,促进依法治国  相似文献   

论刑事责任     

龙刚  杨扬 《贵阳金筑大学学报》2005,(4):23-26

着重从刑事责任的概念、内容、目的、主体及如何实现刑事责任方面论述刑事责任。  相似文献   

网络侵权与犯罪的立法思考   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王静 《现代情报》2003,23(3):34-36

网络立法，目前主要的还是处于探讨的阶段。这是因为，在中国，目前不仅网络法律是一个新事物，而且就连网络本身也还是很新的事物。从法律的角度研究网络、规范网络，保护网络的发展，还是需要一个过程的。我们目前正处在这个过程的探索和刚刚开始阶段。在具体的立法上也走出了一步。最近，我国有关部门对互联网的行政管理已经做出了几个管理规定。这是对互联网进行法律规制的一个尝试，也是探索性立法的第一步。这需要我们进行了深入的理论探讨。  相似文献   

我国犯罪构成理论的价值维新与体系重构     

高巍 《云南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011,43(1):111-116

我国犯罪构成理论以社会危害性作为犯罪构成的根本性和实质性标准,运用实质标准和推理建构出平面的四要件犯罪构成体系,但这种体系存在犯罪客体虚无化以及主客观方面的断裂等缺陷,不符合罪刑法定原则和人权保障的理念。因此,有必要引入德日三阶层递进式的犯罪构成体系。  相似文献   

公害犯罪认定中严格责任适用之探析     

龙敏 《内蒙古大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2011,(3):40-46

＂无犯意则无犯人＂是近代刑法理论中的重要格言,体现出了罪过原则在犯罪认定中的基础性地位。但是罪过原则作为犯罪认定的基本原则却不能应对公害犯罪中主观方面难以认知与查证的特殊性,不能有效地惩治公害犯罪。在对严格责任进行合理中国化的前提下,有必要在我国的公害犯罪认定中引入严格责任,亦有必要对严格责任的适用做出科学合理的限制,以防严格责任被滥用从而使对公害犯罪的打击陷入新的困境。  相似文献