The relative age effect on physical fitness in preschool children     

Rocío Cupeiro  Miguel A. Rojo-Tirado  Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez  Enrique G. Artero  Ana B. Peinado  Idoia Labayen 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(13):1506-1515

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to investigate the existence of a relative age effect (RAE) on physical fitness of preschoolers. Anthropometry and physical fitness were assessed in 3147 children (3–5 years old) using the PREFIT battery. Based on the birth year, participants were divided into 3year groups (3-, 4- and 5-years). Within each year group, 4quarter groups were created: quarter 1, preschoolers born from January to March; quarter 2, from April to June; quarter 3, from July to September; quarter 4, from October to December. The MANCOVA analysis revealed a main effect of year group (Wilks’ λ = 0.383; F_10,5996 = 369.64; p < 0.001, η_p ² = 0.381) and of quarter (Wilks’ λ = 0.874; F_15,8276.6 = 27.67; p < 0.001; η_p ² = 0.044) over the whole battery of tests. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the existence of RAE at the preschool stage. In general, performance improved as the relative age increased (i.e., those born in quarter 1 performed better than those in the other quarters). Individualization strategies should be addressed within the same academic year not only in elementary or secondary years but also in preschoolers.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of physical education to promote motor competence in primary school children     

Vítor P. Lopes  David F. Stodden  Luis P. Rodrigues 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2017,22(6):589-602

Background: Motor skill (MS) competence is an important contributing factor for healthy development.

Purpose: The goal was to test the effectiveness of primary school physical education (PE) on MS and physical fitness (PF) development.

Methods: Three classes (n?=?60, aged 9.0?±?0.9) were randomly assigned to three diverse conditions during a school year: two PE lessons/week (PE-2), three PE lessons/week (PE-3), and no PE lessons control group (CG). BMI, skinfolds, PF (9-min run/walk, sit-up, modified pull-ups), gymnastics, soccer, handball, basketball and track-and-field skills were evaluated. Effect sizes (d) were reported as magnitude of change.

Results: Skinfolds significantly increased only in CG (d?=?1.21). PF composite z-scores improved in PE-3 (d?=?0.61), but decreased in PE-2 (d?=?0.57), and had no changes in CG. Statistically significant improvement was verified in gymnastics and handball skills in both experimental groups (gymnastic: d?=?2.95 and d?=?2.61 for PE-3 and PE-2, respectively; handball: d?=?1.87 and d?=?0.57 for PE-3 and PE-2, respectively), and no changes were seen in CG. In soccer, there were improvements only in the PE-3 (d?=?0.55), and in basketball only in PE-2 (d?=?0.46). There were no changes in any group for track-and-field skills.

Conclusions: PE programs can effectively promote PF and MS development.  相似文献   

全民健身背景下终身体育运动方式特征、理念及基本结构刍议     

张得保 《体育科技文献通报》2020,(5):139-142

本文运用文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查等方法,结合具体事例,对当今"终身体育"观念存在的不同观点与运动方式进行了重新审视,研究认为:"终身体育"运动方式具有显著的多样性、互补性、差异性和目标一致性特征,同时构建出"终身体育"的基本结构模式,对当前全民健身运动中"终身体育"的开展具有一定的借鉴与指导意义。  相似文献   

危机与应对:新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下的中国体育叙事     

孙科  郇昌店  任慧涛  闫士展  纪成龙  张震  王永顺 《上海体育学院学报》2020,(5):1-15,46

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情(以下简称"疫情")下的体育叙事,不仅要阐发疫情期间体育事件及其社会意义,更应揭示不同体育要素在社会发展中的功能与作用,将对体育现实问题的思考转化为未来体育转型的应对策略。基于叙事的角度,以访谈的方式,探讨体育产业发展、东京奥运会延期、体育组织治理、奥运备战、居家体育、体育在线教学、体育中考等热点事件和话题。认为:①疫情对体育产业的影响呈现持续性、结构性、社会性等特征,在"转危为机"的话语下,应借助政府的积极行为,实现体育行业与体育产业的多层次融合,增强对消费端的刺激,提高体育企业的抗风险能力,最大程度地释放后疫情时代体育产业发展动力;②东京奥运会延期举办凸显国际奥委会内部治理的困境与危机,引发对中国体育赛事治理效能的思考,给奥运备战带来挑战,促使运动训练由传统化模式向集群化工业模式转变;③空间重叠与权力空间渗透造就居家体育的特殊"脱域"空间,成为"家庭-学校-社区"体育互动发展的催化剂,引发体育教学、社区体育、群众体育活动方式的改变,形成自觉行为更高的群众体育"在地化"驱动模式;④在疫情防控期间,体育话语在不同语境中的表达、转型与辩驳为体育话语转为文化资源提供契机,促进文化与体育的互动与整合,深刻影响人们的体育观念。  相似文献   

健身竞走运动的生物力学的特征     

张佳佳  孙南  张一民  季盼军 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(11):68-72

摘要: 目的:对健身竞走的生物力学特征进行分析，以证实健身竞走是一项能够综合走与跑步优势的运动项目。方法:运用实验法、数理统计法，对普通人完成健身竞走、普通健身走和跑步的运动学、动力学指标进行统计分析。结果:无论在常速还是快速时,健身竞走与普通健身走在步长、步速、步频等方面有显著性差异；健身竞走更容易达到较高的速度和更大的运动强度，并且各关节的地面反作用力均非常显著小于常速跑步。结论:健身竞走有利于实现高效的健身效果，并且受伤的可能性小于跑步，是一项非常安全的运动项目，应进行广泛的推广。  相似文献   

全民健身品牌赛事长效化发展的志愿服务体系研究*     

康金峰  戴〓俊 《广州体育学院学报》2019,(1):45-48

全民健身运动是群众性的社会体育活动，是我国体育事业的重要组成部分，也是提高全民身体和心理素质的重要举措和途径。全民健身运动需要志愿服务的友爱、互助与支持，只有通过志愿服务者的无私奉献才能促进我国全民健身运动及有关赛事的长效发展，以打造出具有带动性和号召力的品牌赛事。由于我国的民众体育活动开展较晚，相应的志愿服务文化与价值观尚未形成，有关志愿服务的制度机制与组织体系并不完善。这就要求必须提高全民健身志愿服务的意识，完善有关制度机制与体系模式使我国全民健身志愿服务体系得到完善，使之走上长效化发展之路。  相似文献   

课外活动对大学生动手和社交能力的影响探究     

金霞 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2014,(10):75-76

当代大学生的动手能力和社会交际能力普遍需要提高。本文采用问卷调查的形式,对本地大学生课外活动开展情况进行了调查,探索了现阶段的课外活动开展对大学生造成了什么样的影响及如何更好的开展课外活动,并对如何提升大学生动手能力和社会交际能力提出了有用的建议和措施。  相似文献   

Blogadapting: Adaptation Experiences among Expatriate Bloggers     

Clark Callahan  Jesse King  Audrey Halversen 《Journal of Intercultural Communication Research》2020,49(3):227-241

ABSTRACT

Increased global communication is adjusting traditional models of cross-cultural communication. Specifically, changes in international communication processes have caused increased scrutiny of cross-culture adaptation theory. This is especially true when focusing on the difference between cultural adaptation and functional fitness. The purpose of this research is to address changes in global communications by testing to see if there is a difference between two important theoretical concepts within cross-cultural adaptation theory – linear and non-linear adaptation. Findings indicate that cultural sojourners do not equate cross-cultural adaptation with linear models of functional fitness. Models that equate the two should be revisited.  相似文献   

民办高校转型期英语专业基础英语课堂重构研究与实践     

王敬策 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2015,(4):152

本文以赋权增能的教学理念为指导,重构基础英语课堂教学模式,此教学模式是以课堂活动为依托,最大程度的实现实践教学,从而达到对学生应用能力培养的教学目标。  相似文献   

政府购买全民健身公共服务的实施方案和保障机制研究     

苗治文  李晓龙  于海强 《南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)》2016,(5):57-62

政府购买全民健身公共服务是服务型政府提供公共服务的新型发展方式,也是体育公共管理改革的重要途径.我国政府购买全民健身公共服务受诸多因素的影响,在法律监管、职能培育、行政管理、制度模式等方面仍存在一些瓶颈问题.通过分析政府购买全民健身公共服务内容、标准、模式、参数和范围,对政府购买全民健身公共服务的现状与特征进行阐释.研究认为:购买内容是"准全民健身公共服务",购买标准包括质量、计量和结果评价等,购买模式是竞标性购买,购买参数有健身服务、健身保障、健身管理和健身效果,购买范围主要集中在健全的承接主体市场、符合购买要求的资质条件、价格计量标准和计量考核标准.在对实施方案进行肯定的同时,提出合理的保障机制:建立与完善政府购买全民健身公共服务的法制体系;给予全民健身社会组织政策与资金的支持与保障;加强绩效评价与监管机制,提升全民健身公共服务公信力;突破现有的背景与制度安排,实现政府购买全民健身公共服务"正向嵌入性"程序制度.研究结果旨在为政府购买全民健身公共服务提供新的发展思路.  相似文献