心理技能训练在普通高校公共体育跳高教学的运用研究     

刘桂芳 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(2):65-66

本文主要运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法,以郑州师范学院2013级公共体育跳高教学为研究对象,对心理技能训练在高校公共体育跳高教学的运用进行研究,结果表明:心理技能训练中目标设置法、运动表象法及自我暗示法对公共体育跳高教学动作技能的形成具有很好的促进作用,有利于教学效果的提高。  相似文献   

裕固族幼儿生长发育态势分析     

毛建民  刘茂昌 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(10):39-40

目的了解裕固族幼儿生长发育状况,为采取有效监测和科学制定体育卫生提供可靠依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,在肃南裕固族自治县6所幼儿园抽取3—6岁男女幼儿360名,对选取的幼儿进行体质检测。结果裕固族男女幼儿的身高、坐高、体重、胸围等指标随着年龄的增长呈上升趋势,男幼儿高于女幼儿;与全国幼儿相比,3、4岁裕固族幼儿四项指标明显高于全国均值,但5、6岁明显低于全国均值;除胸围之外,裕固族男女幼儿四项指标与甘肃省幼儿的差距不明显。结论健全裕固族幼儿生长发育监测体系,加强幼儿体育锻炼,提供适合幼儿身体锻炼的方法,促进裕固族幼儿的健康成长。  相似文献   

下肢惯性参数对逆向动力学计算的敏感性研究          下载免费PDF全文

王国栋  陈金鳌 《体育科研》2014,(1):44-49

文章旨在计算下肢环节惯性参数对逆向动力学计算结果的敏感性.以中国人体环节惯性参数模型为基础,人为地改变下肢环节惯性参数值的范围（±5％和±10％）,结合运动学和动力学数据,分别进行逆向动力学计算.结果表明,大腿环节质心位置改变10％对髋关节力矩最大值的影响程度达到-0.49％到0.63％,对应力矩最小值的变化为-24.3％和18.47％;小腿环节质心位置改变10％对膝关节力矩和做功影响均接近0.4％,对较远的髋关节作用影响更弱;无论是大腿还是小腿,环节质量的敏感性要高于环节相对质心位置（P＜0.05）.下肢惯性参数改变对逆向动力学计算结果的影响不可忽略,环节惯性参数对动力链较近关节影响最大,环节质量参数的敏感度显著高于环节相对质心位置参数的敏感度.  相似文献   

立定跳远落地姿态的合理性     

张秀丽  陈宝玲  杜高山  田文学 《体育学刊》2014,(6)

对30名受试者正常和“外八”两种落地姿态立定跳远成绩、走路步向角、踝关节内收、外展等动肌力测试,探讨“外八”姿态落地对立定跳远成绩的影响。结果发现：与正常姿态落地相比,立定跳远采用“外八”姿态落地对落地后身体稳定性的影响差异不具显著性;两种落地姿态的立定跳远成绩差异没有显著性;采用外八字姿态落地,50%(男8人,女7人)成绩下降,幅度为0.05 m,33.3%(男4人,女6人)成绩上升,幅度为0.07 m,百分率和升降幅度差异均不具显著性;采用外八字姿态落地立定跳远成绩升降幅度与步向角,踝关节快、慢速外展最大幅度均中等程度相关(P<0.05)。结果说明：与正常落地姿态相比,外八字落地姿态立定跳远的成绩升或降因人而异,与受试者步向角,踝关节快、慢速外展的最大幅度呈中等程度相关,步向角越小,踝关节外展最大幅度越大,采用外八字姿态落地立定跳远的成绩提高的几率越大。  相似文献   

国内三级跳远运动员起跳时间与腾空时间分析     

王亚军 《辽宁体育科技》2014,(4):61-63

对参加2013年全国田径锦标赛暨全运会预选赛女子三级跳远决赛的5名健将级运动员三跳中起跳时间与腾空时间进行运动学分析,并与国外优秀三级跳远运动员的相关参数进行比较研究,找出我国三级跳远运动员起跳与腾空技术上存在的不足,以期为改进我国三级跳远运动员的起跳与腾空技术、进一步提高运动成绩提供技术上的支持。  相似文献   

基于CFD的竖直U型地埋管换热器传热性能仿真分析     

刘渊  李尚平  何永玲  陈晓林 《大众科技》2013,(5):15-17

利用CFD软件Fluent的前处理软件Gambit建立与实际系统相同的单U竖直地埋管换热器的三维非稳态传热模型,进行传热模拟仿真,通过得出的地能井与U型管中温度的变化图形来分析温度变化趋势,并与实验测试结果进行比较,结果表明,实验值和仿真结果很接近。这有利于掌握在没有预先埋好热电偶的情况下去观察地能井温度的变化。  相似文献   

Optimum take-off angle in the long jump     

Nicholas P Linthorne  Maurice S Guzman  Lisa A Bridgett 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):703-712

In this study, we found that the optimum take-off angle for a long jumper may be predicted by combining the equation for the range of a projectile in free flight with the measured relations between take-off speed, take-off height and take-off angle for the athlete. The prediction method was evaluated using video measurements of three experienced male long jumpers who performed maximum-effort jumps over a wide range of take-off angles. To produce low take-off angles the athletes used a long and fast run-up, whereas higher take-off angles were produced using a progressively shorter and slower run-up. For all three athletes, the take-off speed decreased and the take-off height increased as the athlete jumped with a higher take-off angle. The calculated optimum take-off angles were in good agreement with the athletes' competition take-off angles.  相似文献   

Changes in long jump take-off technique with increasingrun-up speed     

Lisa A. Bridgett 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):889-897

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of run-up speed on take-off technique in the long jump. Seventy-one jumps by an elite male long jumper were recorded in the sagittal plane by a high-speed video camera. A wide range of run-up speeds was obtained using direct intervention to set the length of the athlete's run-up. As the athlete's run-up speed increased, the jump distance and take-off speed increased, the leg angle at touchdown remained almost unchanged, and the take-off angle and take-off duration steadily decreased. The predictions of two previously published mathematical models of the long jump take-off are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.  相似文献   

The effects of vibration on explosive and reactive strength when applying individualized vibration frequencies     

Riccardo Di Giminiani  Jozsef Tihanyi  Sandor Safar  Renato Scrimaglio 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(2):169-177

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of 8 weeks of whole-body vibrations on explosive and reactive leg strength. Thirty-three physically active students took part in the study and were randomly assigned to an individualized-vibration group, a fixed-vibration group or a control group. The frequency of vibration was set to 30 Hz for the fixed-vibration group, whereas the frequency for the individualized-vibration group was determined by monitoring the participants' EMG_rms activity. The participants in the two vibration groups were exposed three times a week for 8 weeks to a series of 10 × 1-min whole-body vibrations with a 1-min pause between series of vibrations and a 4-min pause after the first five series of vibrations. Jump height in the squat jump increased significantly in all three groups (by 11% for the individualized-vibration group, p = 0.001; by 3% for the fixed-vibration group, p = 0.011; and by 2% for the control group, p = 0.006), but countermovement jump height was not affected. In continuous rebound jumps by the individualized-vibration group, jumping height increased by 22% (p = 0.006) and power increased by 18% (p = 0.002). The results of this study suggest that the use of an individualized vibration frequency produces a greater response from the neuromuscular system and is more beneficial than vibrations at a fixed pre-selected frequency.  相似文献   

Do kinaesthetic tapes affect plantarflexor muscle performance?     

Robert Csapo  Malvina Herceg  Luis M. Alegre  Richard Crevenna  Karin Pieber 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(14):1513-1519

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the effects of application of kinaesthetic tapes on plantarflexor muscle performance. We hypothesised that taping of the triceps surae muscle would improve plantarflexor muscle strength and endurance with no significant effect on drop jump performance. Using a repeated-measures design, all performance measures were obtained in 24 volunteers on two separate occasions: without tapes and after application of kinaesthetic tapes. Performance tests included measurements of isometric plantarflexor muscle strength and the associated electromyographic activity of the gastrocnemius muscle, an isokinetic fatigue resistance test (30 contractions at 180° · s^?1) and assessments of drop jump performance. The taping-intervention was associated with an increase in gastrocnemius electromyographic activity. However, significant increases in isometric strength were only found at fully dorsiflexed ankle positions (+12% at ?20°). Strength gains were negatively correlated to baseline strength (r = ?.58). The intervention did not affect the results of the isokinetic fatigue and drop jump tests. The application of kinaesthetic tapes over the triceps surae muscle promotes an increase in isometric strength and gastrocnemius muscle activity. Our data suggest that these effects are joint-angle dependent and more prominent in weaker individuals. By contrast, the taping-intervention improves neither drop jump performance nor muscular endurance.  相似文献