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邱琳 《四川教育学院学报》2011,27(9):92-96
在有关为汉英词典进行词类标注的问题上,许多学者做出了不同程度的关注,他们的研究无疑加深了人们对汉荚词典词类标注重要性的理解。词类标注有助于确保词类与配例的一致性,提高释义的准确性等。文章以“拍卖”一词为例,以范畴化理论为出发点,对比“拍卖”在几部标注词类和朱标注词类的汉英词典中的词类标注和译义情况,并基于语料库对该词的使用情况进行定量分析,指出几部汉英词典对该词词类标注及译义的不足之处并加以修正。 相似文献
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程红红 《牡丹江教育学院学报》2015,(1):30-31
一词多义是非常普遍的语言现象,它反映出语言发展的动态性。非范畴化理论是对范畴化理论的完善和发展,它强调社会文化和人类认知的动态特征。非范畴化理论能够为由源义引申的衍生义提供强有力的认知理据。非范畴化使语言系统在保持相对稳定的前提下,呈现出相当的灵活性和可塑性,为语言使用者创造性地使用语言提供了可能性。 相似文献
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David Tan 《Research Policy》2010,39(1):89-102
Patent applicants and examiners do not always have the same views about what constitutes a patent's relevant prior art. We propose that the processes of categorization and classification variably shape the interface between applicants and examiners by influencing assessments of similarity between new and existing technologies. Some inventions sit in technological domains that cut across the categorical boundaries implied by examiners’ patterns of specialization. Some sit in domains wherein the classification system that guides examiner searches is more volatile. In either of these circumstances, heightened ambiguity leads to more examiner-added citations on patents that are granted. We test and confirm our predictions in a sample of patents granted to semiconductor firms in 2005. 相似文献
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This article introduces a type of uncertainty that resides in textual information and requires epistemic interpretation on the information seeker’s part. Epistemic modality, as defined in linguistics and natural language processing, is a writer’s estimation of the validity of propositional content in texts. It is an evaluation of chances that a certain hypothetical state of affairs is true, e.g., definitely true or possibly true. This research shifts attention from the uncertainty–certainty dichotomy to a gradient epistemic continuum of absolute, high, moderate, low certainty, and uncertainty. An analysis of a New York Times dataset showed that epistemically modalized statements are pervasive in news discourse and they occur at a significantly higher rate in editorials than in news reports. Four independent annotators were able to recognize a gradation on the continuum but individual perceptions of the boundaries between levels were highly subjective. Stricter annotation instructions and longer coder training improved intercoder agreement results. This paper offers an interdisciplinary bridge between research in linguistics, natural language processing, and information seeking with potential benefits to design and implementation of information systems for situations where large amounts of textual information are screened manually on a regular basis, for instance, by professional intelligence or business analysts. 相似文献
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郭京帅 《贵阳学院学报(社会科学版)》2014,(4):63-66
运用认知心理学的范畴化、原型及图式等理论,探讨并补充符号、能指和所指之间的三角关系;并根据学者对词汇的意义的已有分类,进一步挖掘诸如概念等意义界定的深层次原委及影响;扩大对语言词汇诸多意义的理解深度和纬度. 相似文献
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Technological innovations often involve collaboration among firms from diverse industries. Existing literature has largely viewed participant diversity as a conduit for non-redundant information or complementary resources, thereby affecting the ex-post outcomes of innovation projects. However, it is seldom examined how projects are initially evaluated during the resource competition stage. In this study, we develop a theory of diversity as a cognitive primer, asking how collaborators from diverse backgrounds may affect external reviewers’ ex-ante evaluation of potential merits of an innovation project. We argue that there are two logics at work in the process of evaluating innovations: the logic of technological advancement and the logic of market value. When an innovation project involves firms from diverse industries, it may be perceived as having a fuzzier market identity, hence making it less appealing to reviewers who hold with the strong market value logic. However, the penalty associated with participant diversity should be less pronounced among reviewers who hold the technological advancement logic. We also expect the relationship between participant diversity and reviewers’ ratings to be moderated by project novelty and fuzziness of technology category. We find support for our hypotheses with a sample of collaborative innovation projects funded by the Advanced Technology Program of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 相似文献
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This paper studies the development of taxonomic processing as measured by an adapted version of the Wechsler Similarities subtest, which distinguishes between categorization of concrete and abstract words. Two factors — age and concreteness — are also tested by a recall task. The results show an age-related increase in taxonomic categorization, especially for abstract words; this change is more pronounced for the categorization task than for the recall task. The concreteness effect is also shown to be greater for categorization. A weak correlation between the recall of concrete and abstract words suggests that different processes are linked to dual coding of concrete words. However, the strong correlation between the categorization of concrete and abstract words testifies to a general factor in this task. Finally, age- and concreteness-related effects increase as the task gains in complexity. In conclusion, we discuss the role of immediate memory in cognitive functioning. 相似文献
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在支持向量机和遗传算法的基础上,提出一种新的启发式多层文本分类算法。实验结果证明了该算法的可行性和有效性。文本分类技术是解决大规模文本处理的有效途径。 相似文献