试论约翰逊时期美国对以色列武器政策的转变     

李智 《历史教学(高校版)》2009,(6)

美国长期坚持对以色列的"武器限制"政策,实质是保证以色列武器优势的同时,确保中东地区的稳定,不给苏联插手中东的机会。约旦武器问题给美国传统中东武器政策的执行造成了巨大的困难。美国坚决要取得对苏冷战胜利的决心与传统对以色列的国家安全的责任之间出现不可调和的矛盾。在充分权衡全球利益与地区利益的关系之后,美国与以色列进行了艰苦的谈判,最终形成了对阿以的"武器均衡"政策。"武器均衡"政策暂时地帮助美国走出了政策的困境,但是随之产生了更加严重的后果。  相似文献   

Science and it’s Images – Promise and Threat: From Classic Literature to Contemporary Students’ Images of Science and “The Scientist”     

Pazit Koren  Varda Bar 《Interchange》2009,40(2):141-163

The physical and social image of the scientist among school children, student teachers, and teachers over the last 50 years was investigated. Interest has also been shown in the perception of the personality behind the physical stereotype. Nevertheless, the value judgments of science and scientists and the positive and negative mind–sets attaching to these judgments in our society were less investigated, either in Israel or abroad. In this investigation models given to science and scientists in the classical literature and by some popular science writers were investigated, together with contemporary learners’ views. The populations consist of 125 high school students from Israel. Several tools were used during this investigation to decipher the images of science: Closed questionnaire, writing an essay, and semistructured collective interviews. Classical authors have pessimistic views about science and the scientists. Most models are unfavorable, and criticize the scientists: The mad and monstrous scientist (Frankenstein), the scientist who is alienated from human life (The Physicists), the scientist who is cut off from reality, the “geek” (Gulliver’s Travels), the scientist whose irresponsible research is harmful to the environment (Jurassic Park), the scientist who hungers for knowledge at any cost (Faust). The positive images found especially in the popular science literature: the scientist who cures diseases (Microbe Hunters), the scientist who has professional integrity (Galaxies), the scientist who keeps to the rules of the scientific method to obtain objective results (Wrinkles in Time). We found that some expressions relating to fear of science which have appeared in the classics since the beginning of the 18^th century were found in a similar way with students of the 21^st century, while others expressed that same fear in different ways. There was also an identification with Swift’s “unsociable and unemotional” scientists. Alongside the existence of expressions of fear of science, and mainly ambivalent opinions of students toward science, the dominant picture that stands out in this study is that our contemporary students are pro science, and regard science as a useful area of society.  相似文献   

Religious justification,elitist outcome: are religious schools being used to avoid integration?     

Tammy Harel Ben Shahar  Eyal Berger 《教育政策杂志》2018,33(4):558-583

Despite ongoing efforts to promote ethnic, racial and socio-economic integration, segregation continues to challenge education administrators and legal scholars. Privileged parents seeking to avoid integration employ various strategies such as attending private schools or buying houses in neighbourhoods with good school. This paper offers a combined empirical and legal research of another such strategy: the resort to religious schools. The research is conducted within one specific context, that of Israeli Religious State Schools. The empirical study examines whether “Torani” religious state schools (a category of religious schools that offer enhanced Jewish studies and a strict religious environment) induce socio-economic segregation. The findings indicate that “Torani” schools are indeed socio-economically segregated and serve children from higher socioeconomic class than regular religious state schools. It also shows that “Torani” schools are less reflective of their surroundings than regular religious state schools, and are more likely to be established by privileged parents in poor areas, where they are dissatisfied with the local state schools. The legal research offers an explanation of how legal regulation can determine whether religious schools will become a means for avoiding integration. Specifically, it points to three areas in which “Torani” schools are regulated differently than regular religious state schools – the rules regarding the establishment of new schools; the rules concerning school funding; and the rules concerning student enrolment – and argues that special treatment meant to protect religious interests is responsible for making “Torani” schools socially segregated.  相似文献   

The human factor in the historical development of the media: Israeli sports pages as a case study 1     

Ilan Tamir 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(18):2688-2706

The current study attempts to present a unique, initial contribution to existing models of communication media's historical development, by calling attention to the parallel processes taking place within the journalist community itself. By means of in-depth interviews with male and female sports journalists in Israel, breakthrough, establishment, defense and adaptation mechanisms to a new journalistic reality can be identified as part of the generational and societal changes that have taken place in the newsroom.  相似文献   

巴以和平进程的历史回顾与思考     

廖明华 《北京教育学院学报》2003,17(4):64-68

巴以冲突由来以久,这当中既牵涉到土地和经济利益问题,又有历史、文化和宗教诸方面的因素。以巴冲突表面上是以色列和巴勒斯坦之间的地区冲突,但其对中东地区乃至全世界的影响却非常深远。本文通过对以巴和平进程的历史回顾,指出以巴和平道路虽然问题纠葛,困难重重,但是和平终究会到来。巴勒斯坦人应当有其生存和建国的权利,但是巴勒斯坦的建国应当在联合国的协议框架内通过和平的方式实现。巴以双方应本着和平的愿望在充分认识历史和现实、充分认识双方实力的基础上真正进行和平谈判,在联合国的监督下实现和平共存。  相似文献   

Discipline problems at teachers’ colleges: lessons for lecturers and students     

《师资教育杂志》2012,38(2):227-237

This case study worked with 80 lecturers drawn from Israeli teachers’ colleges who reported that they face relatively few discipline problems; most appeared to be related to low motivation and/or dishonest behaviour. They treated each case in an ad hoc way, responded mildly and avoided imposing sanctions. It is argued that the student teachers’ misconduct could have been used by their lecturers as excellent raw material to analyse the conditions in which problems are likely to occur in the school classroom, as well as to discuss possible underlying motivation of the provocative conduct, and to suggest ways for teachers to cope with these situations. Unfortunately, the lecturers did not draw any connections between the misbehaviour of the student teachers and the skills and moral values prospective teachers need to possess. The lack of transference from the college setting to the student teachers’ experience in the classroom is discussed with regard to the current highly competitive climate in which colleges must attract students.  相似文献   

Factors affecting disclosure among Israeli children in residential care due to domestic violence     

Rachel Lev-Wiesel  Ruth GottfriedZvi Eisikovits  Maya First 《Child abuse & neglect》2014

Disclosure of child abuse may enable initiating interventions to end maltreatment and mediate its negative physical and psychological consequences. The present study reviews the field of disclosure and examines factors affecting disclosure among a service population of abused children who were placed in residential care due to various forms of abuse (e.g., physical, sexual, emotional, neglect and witnessing domestic violence). The sample consisted of 286 Israeli (Hebrew and Arabic speaking) children aged 12–17 (mean = 14 ± 1). Following approval of the Ethics committee of the University and parents’ written consent, participants were administered a self-report questionnaire that included the following measures: a Socio-Demographic Questionnaire, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ), and the Disclosure of Trauma Questionnaire (DTQ). Results indicated that the three key factors enhancing the likelihood of disclosure were: moral factors, external initiatives and intolerable physical pain. The three key factors inhibiting disclosure were feelings of shame, fear of losing social support and uncertainty as to how and to whom to disclose. Results also showed that children preferred to disclose to their nuclear family members (parents and siblings) in comparison with professionals.  相似文献   

Holocaust Perversions: The Stalags Pulp Fiction and the Eichmann Trial     

Amit Pinchevski 《Critical Studies in Media Communication》2013,30(5):387-407

The Stalags, an Israeli pulp fiction series whose advent coincided with the 1961 trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem, portrayed sadomasochistic scenarios between SS female guards and Allied soldiers in POW camps. Written in Hebrew by native Israelis, these cheap pocketbooks were enormously popular with Israeli teenagers, many of whom were children of Holocaust survivors. We posit the Stalags (a) as a fictional counterpart of the trial, complementing the legal procedure with feats of the imagination, and (b) as a text upon which the Israeli young generation negotiated issues of power and identity.  相似文献   

Teen Suicide and the Library     

《Public Library Quarterly》2013,32(2):33-42

Teen suicide is a widespread problem which has recently increased dramatically. Part of the problem relates to the prevalence of anxiety during the teen years. Librarians and the library can help with the problem in direct and indirect ways. Librarians are encouraged to be supportive of young adult patrons. Suggestions are given concerning young adult departments. Public libraries could directly help with the problem by sponsoring programs to help young adults deal with anxiety and depression, to help parents and teachers identify teenagers at a high risk for suicide, and to increase community awareness. Librarians who suspect that a teenage patron or employee may be suicidal should intervene, preferably by referring the young adult to a trained counselor or suicide prevention agency.  相似文献   

SOURCE CREDIBILITY AND JOURNALISM     

《Journalism Practice》2013,7(1):51-67

The extent to which information sources, that stand behind virtually all the news, are perceived by journalists as credible is a key determinant of the likelihood of their obtaining news access and public voice. The nature of source credibility judgment in journalism, however, is disputed between two major schools: while the “visceral” camp contends that it is highly subjective, intuitive and biased, the “discretional” camp perceives it as a far more reasonable and legitimate journalistic tool. The present study attempts to uncover evidence of both “visceral” and “discretional” judgment by studying the conceptual credibility (trustworthiness ratings) and practical credibility (practices indicating trust or skepticism, such as cross-checking and attribution) and the congruence between the two in a sample of 840 news items based on 1870 news sources. Findings were gleaned in face-to-face reconstruction interviews with reporters from nine leading Israeli news organizations, who reconstructed, source by source, the processes behind their items, shortly after their publication. Pro-discretional evidence shows that while journalists perceive their own experience as more credible than that of any other human agent, they do tend to stick with sources they perceive as more credible, the majority of which were relied on in the past, granting them more ready acceptance. Pro-visceral evidence, in turn, demonstrates that even the least credible sources receive substantial news space, some without any cross-checking. Furthermore, reporters ranked their sources' credibility even when they had no former record of trustworthiness. The paper suggests interpreting the composite of these findings as discretional logic with islands of visceral judgment.  相似文献