Academic breeding grounds: Home department conditions and early career performance of academic researchers     

《Research Policy》2019,48(7):1647-1665

This study investigates how research group characteristics relate to the early career success of PhD candidates who are trained in the group. In particular, I study how the citation impact of early-career PhDs is related to the staff composition and funding of the group. Using data on a cohort of Swedish doctoral graduates in science, engineering, mathematics and medicine, two sets of findings are obtained. First, students who were trained in groups with a lower number of PhD students perform better in terms of academic productivity. From the perspective of research policy, this finding suggests a decreasing return to funding additional PhD student positions allocated to professors who are already maintaining larger research groups. Second, PhD students trained in groups with funding for PhD research that is conditioned by funder influence over the topic of thesis research are more likely to stay in academia. Controlling for career destination, however, PhDs from such groups have lower than average scientific productivity and citation impact. These results suggest that funders of PhD studies face a trade-off between the two different funding objectives of “getting what they want” in terms of research content and fostering successful scholars.  相似文献   

The gender gap in early career transitions in the life sciences     

Marc J. Lerchenmueller  Olav Sorenson 《Research Policy》2018,47(6):1007-1017

We examined the extent to which and why early career transitions have led to women being underrepresented among faculty in the life sciences. We followed the careers of 6,336 scientists from the post-doctoral fellowship stage to becoming a principal investigator (PI) – a critical transition in the academic life sciences. Using a unique dataset that connects individuals’ National Institutes of Health funding histories to their publication records, we found that a large portion of the overall gender gap in the life sciences emerges at this transition. Women become PIs at a 20% lower rate than men. Differences in “productivity” (publication records) can explain about 60% of this differential. The remaining portion appears to stem from gender differences in the returns to similar publication records, with women receiving less credit for their citations.  相似文献   

One Teacher’s Experience of Teaching Physical Education and Another School Subject: An Inter-Role Conflict?     

Cassandra Iannucci  Ann MacPhail 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2018,89(2):235-245

Purpose: This study was situated within a longitudinal study of 5 teachers examining the realities of teaching physical education by determining the impact of individual dispositions and contextual factors on the career trajectories of postprimary physical education teachers in Ireland (Iannucci & MacPhail, 2017). One of these participants, Jane, was examined in this study to gain a greater understanding of the realities and tensions experienced by a postprimary teacher enacting 2 distinct sets of role expectations when teaching physical education and another school subject concurrently. Method: Data reported in this article were collected through a semistructured interview and living graph. An interpretative framework was used for analysis, assessing Jane’s perceived meanings of the identified critical incidents in relation to role theory. Results: Teachers timetabled with physical education and another subject concurrently may be expected to navigate and negotiate 2 distinctly different roles within the school community causing difficulty in assuming both roles simultaneously. Short narratives were used to convey 2 themes: (a) role prioritization and (b) role performance. Conclusion: The study results suggest that the already complex and multifaceted role of a school teacher (Richards, Templin, Levesque-Bristol, & Blankenship, 2014) seems to be further complicated when teachers are tasked with simultaneously teaching physical education and another school subject. With the presence of a role conflict management strategy such as role prioritization (Stryker, 1968), one can presume that teachers who are tasked with teaching physical education and another school subject may experience some level of role conflict.  相似文献   

大学生就业问题中的非理性博弈分析及对策   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

丁宁宁  孙孝文 《山西财经大学学报(高等教育版)》2006,9(1):66-69

大学生就业难难在哪里是很多文章研究的主题。大学生自身的非理性期望是这个问题的一部分原因,而企业用人的非理性又加剧了这个矛盾,这两种非理性期望相互作用又加剧了这个问题对经济和社会的影响。因此,必须找准问题的根源所在,才能提出针对性的解决方法。  相似文献   

Career quandaries of activist environmental engineering graduates in Indonesia     

Pam Nilan  Gregorius Ragil Wibawanto 《Environmental Education Research》2019,25(12):1775-1789

Abstract

This article reports on a study that aimed to investigate how young Indonesians might become environmentalists, and what happens when they do. It uses a Bourdieusian framework to analyse interviews with six Indonesian environmental engineering students who took an active role in environmental conservation campaigns while studying at the prestigious University of Technology Bandung (ITB) in Indonesia. In 2014, they were pondering the challenge of negotiating an environmentally defensible career after graduation from their degree. Four years later, in 2018 follow-up contact, it was evident that while they still operated a moral responsibility of conservation and care for the natural world, not all of them had found the dream jobs they imagined as earnest undergraduates keen to protect the natural environment. Yet most had maintained their ‘ecological habitus’ even as they sought to make good on the institutionalised cultural capital invested in their undergraduate degree in environmental engineering. This article examines that journey.  相似文献   

当代大学生择业面临的机遇、挑战及对策     

王娟 《通化师范学院学报》2003,24(3):100-103

随着时代发展，便出现了人才大量需求的转变、择业门路的拓宽、就业指导机构的建立，实现人力资源的合理配置的大好形势，这为大学毕业生择业提供了广阔的空间，为大学生择业打开了绿色通道，带来了前所未有的好机遇，但同时又带来了竞争激烈、择业难等一系列严峻的挑战。对这一问题的分析，力求使广大毕业生树立正确的择业观念，抓住机遇迎接挑战，成为未来社会的有用人才。  相似文献   

高职院校毕业生择业心理分析及对策探究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

朱以财 《廊坊师范学院学报(自然科学版)》2008,8(4):109-110

分析当前高职院校毕业生的择业心理,提出通过创立品牌特色、树立现代“营销”理念、推进校企合作、加强对外宣传、构建全程化的就业指导体系等途径来改善和促进高职院校毕业生就业工作的对策。  相似文献   

医院检验信息系统设计与实现     

邹卫强 《广东技术师范学院学报》2008,(12)

文章总结了本人在广州康软信息公司参与研制开发医院检验信息系统的设计思路与实现方法．康软LIS研制开发的管理系统界面采用Power Bullder设计,数据库管理采用MSSQL数据库,并且利用SOL语句实现查询和统计,采用ActiveX控件实现数据接收和自动归档。整个管理系统功能全面、界面美观、数据库运行稳定,基本实现了临床实验室管理常用统计和管理功能。达到了当初设计的要求．实现了三级管理模式、当前检测记录与历史信息之间的动态对比、多样化查询与统计功能、人性化的设计与实用工具等创新,是一个能很好地满足临床工作需要且具有良好市场应用前景的软件系统。  相似文献   

微格教学在高职生就业指导课程中的运用     

杨宁 《江西电力职业技术学院学报》2008,21(3)

高职高专学生就业指导课程中求职面试理论和实践的脱节,严重困扰着高职毕业生的求职。将微格教学这一现代教育技术运用在教学实践中,对毕业班学生进行职业技能教学训练,则会取得良好的教学效果。  相似文献   

Personality,Gender and Student Performance at a South African University     

Chris W. Callaghan  Elmarie Papageorgiou 《Africa Education Review》2020,17(1):66-82

Abstract

This article reports on a study that tested theory predicting differences in personality endowments between first-year and second-year accounting students, as well as the potential influence of personality on academic performance in the context of a large South African university. Data from 1 380 first-year and second-year accounting students was used to test theory predicting gendered differences in the relationships between personality and both throughput and performance. Multiple linear regression and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) estimations were applied. The findings suggested that fewer students with openness and agreeableness continue to second-year accounting studies. While conscientiousness might not be a primary differentiator of performance at first year, at second year it dominates as a predictor of performance. The findings are expected to generalise to other contexts to the extent that such contexts share characteristics with the context under study.  相似文献