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BackgroundAlthough most children experience at least one adversity, it is the experience of multiple adversities that produces a context of disadvantage that increases the risk of various negative outcomes in adulthood. Previous measures of cumulative childhood adversity consider a limited number of adversities, overlook potential differences across experiences of adversity, and fail to measure the effects of multiple co-occurring childhood adversities. These limitations have led to inconsistent and incomplete conclusions regarding the impact of multiple adverse childhood experiences on adult mental health.ObjectiveThis study assesses how the operationalization and modeling of exposure to cumulative childhood adversity (CCA) influences estimates of the association between CCA and adult psychological distress and develops an improved measure of CCA.MethodsWe use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a nationally representative sample of households in the United States, and its supplement, the Childhood Retrospective Circumstances Study (N = 4219). We compare four measures of CCA that consider various distinct aspects of adverse experiences (additive, severity, type, and patterns of experience using latent class analysis).ResultsAll measures of CCA were associated with increases in adult psychological distress, but effects depend on the measurement of CCA. Results suggest the sum score overestimates the overall impact of CCA. Latent class analysis captures the co-occurrence of adversities across severity and type, providing an improved measure of CCA.ConclusionsThe heterogeneity across adversities impacts estimates of adult psychological distress. Measuring CCA as patterns of co-occurring adverse experiences is a promising approach. 相似文献
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酵母菌经过不同浓度的盐溶液、低温等不同方式的逆境处理,不同时间内取样,对海藻糖的含量进行测量,得出酵母菌海藻糖含量积累的最佳单一胁迫条件是：1．2mol／LNaCl溶液处理酵母菌30min;0．9mol／L KCl溶液处理酵母菌60min;0．6mol／LMgS04溶液处理酵母菌90min;1．2mol／LCaCl2溶液处理酵母菌90min;0．8mol／LAICl3溶液处理酵母菌6h;0．4mol／LFeCl3溶液处理酵母菌3h;0℃处理酵母菌15s． 相似文献
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高中英语学困生的高比例已成为英语教学中不可忽视的现象。本文从情感教育理论视角、《标准》对情感教育要求、情感教育的功能、高中英语学困生的主观成因和情感教育在高中英语教学中的运用等方面阐明了如何发挥情感教育在高中英语学困生转化过程中的作用。 相似文献
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ObjectiveMajor depression is often accompanied by deficits in cognitive functioning and lowered executive functions. However, not all depressed patients show impairments in these domains. The aim of this study was to examine whether different kinds of childhood adversity might account for cognitive deficits in patients with major depression.MethodsNinety-one patients with major depression (DSM-IV) and 40 healthy controls completed a neuropsychological test battery assessing memory, processing speed and executive functions. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to measure the severity and number of incidences of sexual, physical and emotional abuse and physical and emotional neglect.ResultsPatients with major depression had a significantly higher number of traumas and reported more severe emotional abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect than healthy controls. Patients performed less well in memory tasks, general knowledge and processing speed than healthy controls. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the overall number of traumas was significantly associated with poorer general knowledge, lower processing speed and impaired executive functions in patients with major depression. A second model including all CTQ-subscales simultaneously demonstrated an association between physical neglect and poorer verbal learning, and physical abuse and diminished executive functions.ConclusionA higher number of childhood adversities may influence general knowledge, processing speed and executive functions in patients with major depression. In addition, physical abuse and neglect seemed to be associated with verbal learning deficits and poorer executive functions. 相似文献
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天才诗人的造就有一个值得关注的问题,那就是贬谪,这不幸的逆境造就了一代代的天才诗人。从先秦到明清的两千多年,一系列有成就的诗人,无不是因贬谪而创作了水平卓绝的贬谪诗,从而奠定了他们在诗坛的地位。屈原因＂放逐＂而著《离骚》,以香草美人比喻象征,开拓了我国诗歌创作寄情言志的传统;号称唐代＂三大诗人＂的李白、杜甫、白居易和韩愈,宋代的苏轼以及很多朝代的诗人,他们在逆境中创作的贬谪诗,堪称他们的代表作。贬谪诗写的是个人之遭遇,抒发的却是人间之真情;在艺术上往往代表着一个时代的诗歌成就。 相似文献
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北宋诗僧惠洪是个迷一样的人.作为持戒僧工,惠洪曾四次入狱;作为诗僧,惠洪好为＂绮美不忘情之语＂.是僧是俗,或赋或作,惠洪让人当时及后世揣摸不透. 相似文献
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挫折是人一生当中很常见的一种社会现象,具有高挫折商的大学生才能在以后的工作岗位上取得较突出的成就。课外体育竞赛是进行挫折教育的一种手段。研究表明：体育竞赛对增强普通高校学生挫折商具有显著性作用。因为,经历挫折和体验成功都能提高自己的挫折商,而体育竞赛活动恰恰为我们提供了最多的这样的机会。 相似文献
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BackgroundIt is estimated that more than half of children living in households where intimate partner violence (IPV) occurs are also exposed to animal cruelty (AC). Although prior research links bonds with pets with higher levels of socioemotional competence among school-age children, exposure to AC may negate the protective effects of pet ownership and/or exacerbate the potentially deleterious effect of IPV on children’s mental health.ObjectiveThe current study evaluates whether and to what extent the associations between exposure to IPV and several indicators of children’s mental health vary as a function of children’s positive engagement with pets and exposure to AC.Participants and SettingParticipants included 204 children (aged 7–12 years; 47% female; 57% Latinx) and their maternal caregiver who were recruited from domestic violence agencies in a western U.S. state.MethodMultiple moderation analysis evaluated whether the association between children’s exposure to IPV and internalizing and posttraumatic stress symptoms vary as a function of children’s positive engagement with pets and exposure to AC.ResultsAnalyses revealed several moderation effects for positive engagement with pets (e.g., internalizing problems: [b = −.15, t(195) = −2.66, p = .008]; posttraumatic stress symptoms: [b = −.13, t(195) = −2.24, p = .026]), whereas exposure to AC only moderated the association between IPV and anxious/depressed symptoms (b = .32, t(195) = −2.41, p = .017).ConclusionsThese findings highlight the potential protective effects of positive engagement with pets and importance of screening for exposure to AC when engaging in trauma-informed work with children exposed to IPV. 相似文献
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短道速滑运动员在妨碍完成比赛目标的情境中采取有效的应对方式或策略,能够帮助运动员调节自身情绪,在比赛中存储更多的心理能量,有助于运动员发挥正常的技战术水平。典型逆境、可预见性逆境及不可预见性逆境三种类型是短道速滑运动员面临的主要逆境类型,通过明确短道速滑逆境产生的类型,避免单纯追求最佳表现的心理,树立逆境正常、顺境不正常的训练和比赛心态,详细制定赛前比赛方案,积极回应逆境事件等具体措施,从而将比赛中发生的不利于发挥运动的水平的因素控制在最低影响范围之内,保证短道速滑运动员在比赛中取得理想的运动成绩。 相似文献
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