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追求"最佳"还是强调"应对"——对理想竞技表现的重新定义及心理训练范式变革 总被引：24，自引：6，他引：18
从应用运动心理学的角度提出对理想竞技表现（peak performance）新的定义，即理想竞技表现是指在竞赛中时各种逆境的成功应时。从该定义出发，构建了运动员的逆境应对训练模式，这一训练模式由4个阶段组成，即确认或预见典型逆境；找出合适的应时逆境方法；实施个人化的训练；评价训练效果。新定义及其训练模式直接植根于竞技运动实践，并以实例为依据。 相似文献
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短道速滑运动员在妨碍完成比赛目标的情境中采取有效的应对方式或策略,能够帮助运动员调节自身情绪,在比赛中存储更多的心理能量,有助于运动员发挥正常的技战术水平。典型逆境、可预见性逆境及不可预见性逆境三种类型是短道速滑运动员面临的主要逆境类型,通过明确短道速滑逆境产生的类型,避免单纯追求最佳表现的心理,树立逆境正常、顺境不正常的训练和比赛心态,详细制定赛前比赛方案,积极回应逆境事件等具体措施,从而将比赛中发生的不利于发挥运动的水平的因素控制在最低影响范围之内,保证短道速滑运动员在比赛中取得理想的运动成绩。 相似文献
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苦难和逆境是生命中难以避免的,如何正确认识,进而从容面对,是当前青年思想教育的薄弱环节,大学生及青年一代,应直面人生,提升精神境界,走向成熟和坚强。 相似文献
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马治平先生的新作长篇小说《高考往事》中的主人公钟石生是一个在逆境中成长的艺术典型。作者在塑造这一形象时注重在逆境中刻画他的性格特征和美好品德,揭示了逆境能够磨练人的意志和品德,逆境出人才的哲理。钟石生形象在某些地方的描写中,也存在着前后矛盾的瑕疵。 相似文献
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梅大圣 《韩山师范学院学报》2003,24(2):59-64,76
苏轼晚年在岭海时期的困境中接受了陶渊明“固穷节”的思想，学习陶渊明，调整心境和行为方式，“酣觞赋诗，以乐其志”，进入了“天地精神境界”，获得了人生和文学的双丰收，构建了于背逆之境实现人生成功的理想的人格模式。陶渊明精神伴随苏轼走完了生命的最后岁月。 相似文献
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Childhood adversity is associated with a wide range of detrimental psychological consequences. This study examined the mediating role of relationship-specific attachment (avoidance and anxiety) in the associations between childhood adversity and both psychological distress and subjective well-being. University students (N = 190) across the Republic of Ireland completed self-report measures including the Adverse Childhood Experiences scale, Experiences in Close Relationships − Relationship Structures scale, Depression Anxiety and Stress scales and measures of subjective well-being. One hundred and twenty-eight participants (67.4%) reported experiencing at least one adverse childhood experience. Childhood adversity was associated with symptoms of psychological distress and subjective well-being. All such associations were mediated by certain relationship-specific attachment dimensions. Of these, attachment anxiety in general relationships was the most prominent mediator for both psychological distress and subjective well-being. Attachment to one’s father and to one’s romantic partner did not mediate any association. These findings indicate that attachment, in particular relationships, is an important factor in the associations between childhood adversity and both psychological distress and subjective well-being as an adult. One’s attachment anxiety in general relationships is particularly important in these associations. Therapeutic interventions addressing these attachment domains may offset the detrimental effects of childhood adversity. Future research is required using a longitudinal design. 相似文献
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BackgroundThere is limited data available regarding the most common forms of psychiatric illness, the occurrence of childhood adversity, and the link between childhood adversity and criminal and psychiatric outcomes amongst forensic inpatients.AimsUsing census data for all Scottish forensic inpatients, we investigated the most common primary psychiatric diagnoses in forensic settings, the occurrence of childhood adversity amongst forensic inpatients, and whether childhood adversity experiences significantly predict a range of criminal and psychiatric outcomes.MethodData for the current study were drawn from ‘The Scottish Forensic Network Inpatient Census’ (N = 422). The Responsible Medical Officers and other members of the clinical team collected all data from official patient records. All forensic inpatients across high, medium, and low security sites were surveyed.ResultsThe majority of patients had a psychotic disorder as their primary diagnosis (86.4%), with schizophrenia being the most common (70.0%). Childhood adversity was highly prevalent (79.2%), with physical abuse being the most common adverse experience (40.1%). Increased levels of childhood adversity were significantly associated with an increased risk of criminal convictions, self-reported abuse of animals, suicidal and self-injurious behaviour, and problematic use of drugs or alcohol.ConclusionsConsidering the association between adversity and psychosis, trauma informed care is essential for the mental health and forensic needs of this population. 相似文献
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郑敏 《合肥教育学院学报》2011,(5):123-126
心理弹性是由逆境激发出来的潜能和建设性力量,它从积极心理学的视角来探讨人的发展。作为反映个体积极应对逆境的良好指标,心理弹性的研究与应用日益受到心理学领域的关注。当个体面临逆境等危险性因素时,来自个人特质、家庭环境、社会支持三方面的保护性因素,会交互影响而构成心理弹性的动力系统,促使个体的心理弹性得以发展,以保护个体免受逆境的不利影响,促进个体的健康幸福与身心和谐。 相似文献