跨国油气勘探开发在保障国家能源安全中的作用          下载免费PDF全文

窦立荣  王作乾  郜峰  刘小兵 《中国科学院院刊》2023,38(1):59-71

美国是现代石油工业奠基者,推动世界油气发展,通过石油公司的全球布局,牢牢掌控北美“后院”,虎视眈眈南美“前院”。二战后,美国历经70年的探索布局,实现了能源独立,开启了能源霸权。文章在回顾美国石油工业发展史基础上,分析了我国跨国油气勘探开发在保障国家能源安全方面的作用:(1)通过国际市场运作海外份额油气回国保供,担负起了利用“两个市场”“两种资源”的责任;(2)开展油气合作,夯实我国油气战略通道沿线的上游资源基础,成为支撑国家“一带一路”倡议的主力军,有效降低了我国油气综合对外依存度。在百年变局和世纪疫情大背景下,文章针对全球地缘政治复杂多变、“双碳”目标下的能源转型、中美全面博弈等诸多挑战,提出了相关启示与建议,为中国国有石油公司“走出去”、进一步分享全球油气资源、保障国家能源安全提供参考。  相似文献   

Unifying telescope and microscope: A multi-lens framework with open data for modeling emerging events     

《Information processing & management》2022,59(2):102811

Open data is becoming ubiquitous as governments, companies, and even individuals have the option to offer more or less unrestricted access to their non-sensitive data. The benefits of open data, such as accessibility and transparency, have motivated and enabled a large number of research studies and applications in both academia and industry. However, each open data only offers a single perspective, and its potential inherent limitations (e.g., demographic biases) may lead to poor decisions and misjudgments. This paper discusses how to create and use multiple digital lenses empowered by open data, including census data (macro lens), search logs (meso lens), and social data (micro lens), to investigate general real-world events. To reveal the unique angles and perspectives brought by each open lens, we summarize and compare the underpinning open data from eleven dimensions, such as utility, data volume, dynamic variability, and demographic fairness. Then, we propose an easy-to-use and generalized open data driven framework, which automatically retrieves multi-source data, extracts features, and trains machine learning models for the event specified by answering what, when, and where questions. With low labor efforts, the framework’s generalization and automation capabilities guarantee an instant investigation of general events and phenomena, such as disasters, sports events, and political activities. We also conduct two case studies, i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic and Great American Eclipse (see Appendix), to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness at different time granularities.  相似文献