商洛市旅游的模糊综合评价     

鱼先锋  郭萌 《商洛学院学报》2012,26(2):16-19

阐述了商洛市旅游发展的概况,引入模糊数学理论,建立多级模糊评价模型,对调查数据进行分析,基于模糊评价理论定量分析评价商洛市旅游,计算游客对商洛旅游的模糊满意度,寻找商洛旅游发展的制约因素和应对策略,促进商洛市旅游又好又快发展。  相似文献   

From cooperative to motivated information sharing in groups: moving beyond the hidden profile paradigm     

《Communication monographs》2012,79(3):286-310

Meta-analysis involves cumulating effects across studies in order to qualitatively summarize existing literatures. A recent finding suggests that the effect sizes reported in meta-analyses may be negatively correlated with study sample sizes. This prediction was tested with a sample of 51 published meta-analyses summarizing the results of 3,602 individual studies. The correlation between effect size and sample size was negative in almost 80 percent of the meta-analyses examined, and the negative correlation was not limited to a particular type of research or substantive area. This result most likely stems from a bias against publishing findings that are not statistically significant. The primary implication is that meta-analyses may systematically overestimate population effect sizes. It is recommended that researchers routinely examine the n–r scatter plot and correlation, or some other indication of publication bias and report this information in meta-analyses.  相似文献   

The pedagogic signature of special needs education     

Sabine Weiß  Markus Kollmannsberger  Thomas Lerche  Viktor Oubaid  Ewald Kiel 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(2):200-219

The goal of the following study is to identify a pedagogic signature, according to LS Shulman, for working with students who have special educational needs. Special educational needs are defined as significant limitations in personal development and learning which require particular educational measures beyond regular education. The development of a pedagogic signature should create an identity and provide guidance, particularly for teachers who are working in the context of inclusive schools with no prior knowledge or training in this regard. The study is carried out against the background of the structural uncertainty of the teaching profession and takes into consideration existing normative, theoretical and empirical approaches in education. Existing research regarding demands is largely theoretical, while empirical research is rudimentary. The present study used a multi-method approach to identify demands for working with students with special educational needs. Experts in the areas of learning disabilities and emotional/behavioural disorders completed an instrument from the field of industrial and organisational psychology, quantifying and weighting professional demands on teachers according to their importance. The results were added and validated through group discussions, creating a demand profile. By combining the results with the dimensions of a signature pedagogy, according to Shulman, it is apparent that surface structure and deep structure play a minor role in the perceptions of special needs teachers. The central importance of the implicit structure is characteristic of the pedagogic signature. This importance is represented by the target group’s emphasis on demands such as having an appreciative leadership or authenticity. An even greater emphasis is placed on the aspect of attitude – this is having a humanistic ethos. The demand profile and the resulting consequences for the practice of teaching will be considered with a view towards current problems and questions in research and practice, and particularly with regard to inclusion.  相似文献   

基于熵权的集对分析在大型体育赛事中第三方物流合作风险评价中的应用     

俞峰  吴义  邵显明  卢江勇  华俊伟 《体育科技文献通报》2013,21(8):1-2,37

在分析大型体育赛事中第三方物流合作风险的基础上,通过问卷调查与专家访谈法、层次分析法等方法建立了风险综合评价指标体系。在集对分析过程中,引入信息熵的概念,在原有采用专家经验法确定权重的基础上,综合运用熵权法使权重确定更具有客观性和科学性,减少了评判过程中的信息流失,保证了原始信息的完整性;差异度系数i的取值,说明系统的同一、对立和不确定项之间的转化程度,反映出合作风险的状态。这对于推进学术界对于赛事物流风险评价体系的深入研究以及为政府实施风险控制的政策法规提供依据,具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Acceleration and sprint profiles of a professional elite football team in match play     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):101-110

Abstract

The aim of this study was to characterise the acceleration and sprint profiles of elite football match play in one Norwegian elite football team (Rosenborg FC). Fifteen professional players in five playing positions took part in the study (n = 101 observations). Player movement was recorded during every domestic home game of one full season (n = 15) by an automatic tracking system based on microwave technology. Each player performed 91 ± 21 accelerations per match, with a lower number in the second compared with the first half (47 ± 12 vs. 44 ± 12). Players in lateral positions accelerated more often compared to players in central positions (98.3 ± 20.5 vs. 85.3 ± 19.5, p < 0.05). Average sprint distance was 213 ± 111 m distributed between 16.6 ± 7.9 sprints, with no differences between first (106 ± 60 m, 8.2 ± 4.2 sprints) and second halves (107 ± 72 m, 8.3 ± 4.8 sprints). Players in lateral positions sprinted longer distances (287 ± 211 m vs. 160 ± 76 m, p < 0.05) and tended to sprint more often (21.6 ± 7.8 vs. 13.0 ± 5.7, p = 0.064) compared to players in central positions. We found more walking and less of the more intense activities during the last third of the season compared to the first. The main finding in this study was that Norwegian elite players had substantially less number of accelerations and fewer but longer sprints than previous studies reported for higher-ranked leagues. Also, less high-intensity activity was found towards the end of the season. Ultimately, these data provide useful information for the fitness coach (1) in planning of position-specific football training and (2) to avoid the decline in high-intensity activities the last third of the competitive season.  相似文献   

Exercise training modifies walking kinematics and energy cost in obese adolescents: A pilot controlled trial     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(8):727-735

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a weight loss intervention based on physical exercise on the relationship between energy cost and stride frequency during walking in obese teenagers. Participants aged 13–16 years old were assigned to a training (n?=?14) and control (n?=?10) groups. During eight weeks, the training group performed three 60-min weekly sessions of high-intensity intermittent activities coupled with aerobic training. Body composition, gait parameters and energy cost during 4-min walking bouts at participants’ most comfortable speed and preferred stride frequency (PSF), PSF-10%, PSF?+?10%, PSF-20% and PSF?+?20% were measured before and after intervention. The effects of training and stride frequencies on the energy cost of walking were analysed by an ANOVA with repeated measures. The main results showed that the exercise intervention induced a significant increase in walking speed (+23.2%), and significant decreases in body mass (?1.4%), body fat percentage (?2.1%) and energy cost of walking at various frequencies (decreases ranging from ?10.5% to ?20.4%, p?<?.05). In addition, significantly greater decreases were shown at high frequencies (p?<?.05). No significant differences were shown in the control group (p?>?.05). These results suggest that this type of training is beneficial to reduce walking energy cost of obese teenagers, in particular at high frequencies. This should improve their well-being during daily activities.  相似文献   

The time-frame of acute resistance exercise effects on football skill performance: The impact of exercise intensity     

Dimitrios Draganidis  Athanasios Chatzinikolaou  Athanasios Z. Jamurtas  Jose Carlos Barbero  Dimitrios Tsoukas  Apostolos Spyridon Theodorou 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):714-722

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the recovery rate of football skill performance following resistance exercise of moderate or high intensity. Ten elite football players participated in three different trials: control, low-intensity resistance exercise (4 sets, 8–10 repetitions/set, 65–70% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]) and high-intensity resistance exercise (4 sets, 4–6 repetitions/set, 85–90% 1RM) in a counterbalanced manner. In each experimental condition, participants were evaluated pre, post, and at 24, 48, 72 h post exercise time points. Football skill performance was assessed through the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test, long passing, dribbling, shooting and heading. Delayed onset muscle soreness, knee joint range of motion, and muscle strength (1RM) in squat were considered as muscle damage markers. Blood samples analysed for creatine kinase activity, C-reactive protein, and leukocyte count. Passing and shooting performance declined (P < 0.05) post-exercise following resistance exercise. Strength declined post-exercise following high-intensity resistance exercise. Both trials induced only a mild muscle damage and inflammatory response in an intensity-dependent manner. These results indicate that football skill performance is minimally affected by acute resistance exercise independent of intensity suggesting that elite players may be able to participate in a football practice or match after only 24 h following a strength training session.  相似文献   

Circles on pommel horse with a suspended aid: Mass-centre rotation and hip joint moment     

Toshiyuki Fujihara  Pierre Gervais 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1097-1106

Abstract

This is the second study of the series, and its aim was to investigate the influence of using the suspended aid on circle kinetics. In addition to the kinematic data recorded for part one (Fujihara & Gervais, 2012), the pommel reaction forces and the force applied from the suspended aid (aid reaction force) were analysed in relation to the motion of a whole-body mass centre. The hip joint moment was also computed by combining all segments in the lower extremities into a single rigid segment. Generally, the use of the aid changed the magnitude of the mass-centre trajectory or horizontal pommel reaction forces but not their patterns. The results also showed that the net hip joint moment was altered during circles with the aid. In summary, a suspended aid can be used as a progression for a variety of goals because it allows gymnasts to practise circles which would not be possible without the aid. When a suspended aid is used, however, practitioners should be aware of the possible kinetic alteration caused by the external force from the aid.  相似文献   

The Effect of Depth Jumps and Weight Training on Leg Strength and Vertical Jump     

David Clutch  Mike Wilton  Carl McGown  G. Rex Bryce 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):5-10

Abstract

In recent years, a method of plyometrics (exercises that cause a rapid lengthening of a muscle prior to contraction) called depth jumping has become a part of the training routine of many athletes. Two experiments are described in which the effectiveness of the exercises is examined. In Experiment 1, undergraduate students in beginning weight training classes trained with three different jumping programs: (1) maximum vertical jumps, (2) 0.3 m depth jumps, and (3) 0.75 m and 1.10 m depth jumps. In addition, all groups also lifted weights. In Experiment 2, a weight training class and the volleyball team at Brigham Young University-Hawaii were divided into two groups. One group lifted weights and performed 0.75 and 1.10 m depth jumps. The other group only lifted weights. In Experiment 1, the three training programs resulted in increases in one repetition maximum (1 RM) squat strength, isometric knee extension strength, and in vertical jump; however, there were no significant differences between treatments. In Experiment 2, all groups made significant increases in vertical jump, except the group of weight lifters, who did no jumping. It was concluded that depth jumps are effective but not more effective than a regular jumping routine.  相似文献   

基于免疫遗传算法水资源配置多阶段群决策优化模型研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

娄帅  王慧敏  牛文娟  许叶军 《资源科学》2013,35(3):569-577

研究水资源系统决策特点,构建多阶段水资源配置群决策模型.在水资源配置决策方案选择时,将水资源配置模式分为经济效益、社会效益、生态环境效益和资源利用效率等四种模式,并制定模式对应决策方案.分析水资源配置参与主体特殊性,通过主观权重和客观权重的划分确定专家群体动态权重.在群决策过程中,专家群体不断协商和信息共享,加深自身知识得出最优专家权重,并在协商过程中引入调整因子变量,通过专家评价矩阵调整因子的改变实现专家群体意见收敛.然后结合WAA (Weighted Arithmetic Average)算子和免疫遗传算法对专家决策矩阵进行拟合,得出最优配置方案,并对多阶段群决策过程进行仿真计算.最后通过漳河流域实例分析其结果的合理性,以及优化模型在综合意见收敛上的有效性.  相似文献