Three frames for innovation policy: R&D,systems of innovation and transformative change   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Johan Schot  W. Edward Steinmueller 《Research Policy》2018,47(9):1554-1567

Science, technology and innovation (STI) policy is shaped by persistent framings that arise from historical context. Two established frames are identified as co-existing and dominant in contemporary innovation policy discussions. The first frame is identified as beginning with a Post-World War II institutionalisation of government support for science and R&D with the presumption that this would contribute to growth and address market failure in private provision of new knowledge. The second frame emerged in the 1980s globalising world and its emphasis on competitiveness which is shaped by the national systems of innovation for knowledge creation and commercialisation. STI policy focuses on building links, clusters and networks, and on stimulating learning between elements in the systems, and enabling entrepreneurship. A third frame linked to contemporary social and environmental challenges such as the Sustainable Development Goals and calling for transformative change is identified and distinguished from the two earlier frames. Transformation refers to socio-technical system change as conceptualised in the sustainability transitions literature. The nature of this third framing is examined with the aim of identifying its key features and its potential for provoking a re-examination of the earlier two frames. One key feature is its focus on experimentation, and the argument that the Global South does not need to play catch-up to follow the transformation model of the Global North. It is argued that all three frames are relevant for policymaking, but exploring options for transformative innovation policy should be a priority.  相似文献   

“互联网+”时代我国现代农业服务业的新内涵、新特征及动力机制研究     

马晨  李瑾 《科技管理研究》2018,(2)

以互联网、物联网、大数据等信息化前沿技术对农业服务业发展的影响与驱动为切入点,深入研究"互联网+"时代我国现代农业服务业发展的新形式,创新性地提出"互联网+"环境下我国现代农业服务业的新内涵,深入剖析在与互联网跨产业、跨领域、跨业务结合以后,现代农业服务业展现出高增值性、高渗透性和强外部性的新特征。重新梳理我国现代农业服务业的分类,着重分析利用信息感知、数据传输、智能处理和优化决策等先进的互联网信息技术推动现代农业服务业转型升级的动力机理,并提出发展现代农业服务业的相关对策建议。  相似文献   

——以浙江省为例     

姚威  张婉滢 《科技管理研究》2018,(17)

研究目的是要解决——如何加快转变地方政府科技管理部门的职能走向“服务本位”和实现创新驱动发展的问题。运用“新公共服务”理论及相关研究现状,从价值目标转变、治理结构转变以及具体服务转变三个维度构建了地方政府科技管理部门职能转变的分析框架。在通过实地调研浙江省相关科技管理部门职能转变情况的基础上,相对应地提出了三大转变路径。  相似文献   

古代文论的现代转换的反思和价值重估     

张利群 《钦州学院学报》2009,24(1)

古代文论的现代转换讨论已有十余年的发展历程,其热度至今未减的持续反复现象值得深思和探讨,总结经验和反思不足会对这场论争更有作用和意义,价值重估的目的是为了更深入、更进一步将转换话题推向更为扎实的研究和建设阶段,从而加快中国文论建设的现代化进程.  相似文献   

Editorial     

Greville Rumble 《Open Learning》2013,28(3):221-222

The first article in this issue raises some fascinating issues that relate to my own background in research into student learning and experience of courses in conventional higher education. Richardson, Long and Woodley have administered the Academic Engagement Form', used widely in colleges in the USA, and the 'Course Experience Questionnaire', used widely in universities in Australia, to distance learning students. John Richardson and various colleagues have previously shown that these questionnaires, separately, work as well in distance learning contexts as they do in conventional contexts: that is, they identify the same factors as components of students' experience, and the same factors relating to overall perceptions of quality of experience, as in conventional contexts. Of the many findings reported in the study reported in this issue of Open Learning, two stand out for me. First, academic engagement is shown to play a key role in students' perceptions of academic quality: engaged students perceive their course to be of higher quality. This does not tell us if students who are happy with their courses become more engaged or if those who are engaged become happier with their courses, however, merely that they are related. 'Engagement' here encompasses both social and academic engagement as defined in Tinto's model of student retention. Second, students' overall perceptions of academic quality are mediated by their perceptions of their tutors. The authors conclude: '... the attitudes and behaviours of tutors are crucial to students' perceptions of the academic quality of courses in distance education'. In conventional contexts the item on the Course Experience Questionnaire that relates most closely to student performance concerns the quality of teacher feedback, not teaching, and this is easy to understand in a distance context. The methodology of this paper (relying on factor analysis of questionnaires and multivariate analysis of the relationship between questionnaire scale scores and background variables such as age, gender, educational qualifications, workload and hearing status) may be relatively unfamiliar to readers of Open Learning. What is perhaps more familiar is that such an analysis adds to similar conclusions about the centrality of the tutorial role in ODL students' learning from very different kinds of study (such as of the relationship between tutorial attendance and student performance). There is a growing body of evidence that the same variables are involved in student perceptions of courses and of academic quality in distance learning contexts as in conventional contexts.  相似文献   

影响高职EGP教师向ESP教师转型的原因探析     

喻欣 《湖北大学成人教育学院学报》2013,(4):75-77

本文依据《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求(试行)》中对高职英语教学的要求,阐述了EGP(基础英语)和ESP(专业英语)之间的相辅相成的关系和不同的教学要求,详细分析了高职院校EGP英语教师向ESP教师转型的有利条件和不利因素,从社会、学院和教师三个方面提出了促进EGP教师向ESP教师转型的对策。  相似文献   

复合图书馆期刊服务探析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李兰 《江西图书馆学刊》2006,36(2):66-67

随着文献载体形式的发展和传递方式的改变,一个集传统与现代、静态与动态相结合的复合图书馆正向我们走来。从现实工作出发,分析了处于转型期复合图书馆期刊工作的特点与存在的问题,提出期刊服务模式的创新思路。  相似文献   

中国煤炭城市的发展绩效评价和转型影响因素分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

邓晓兰  鄢哲明  杨志明 《资源科学》2013,35(9):1782-1789

本文利用基于松弛的序列方向性距离函数,测算了2003-2010年中国30个煤炭城市工业经济的市场、环境效率和相应的全要素生产率指数,并采用二元选择模型分析了煤炭城市发展模式转型的影响因素。结果显示:在研究期间内,多数煤炭城市表现为生产率进步,且进步主要源于技术变动,而效率变动对生产率进步的贡献呈现起伏波动的不稳定状态;中国煤炭城市的发展主要分布于“市场高效环境高效型”和“市场低效环境低效型”两类模式之中;科技投入水平和城市开放程度提升显著地促进了煤炭城市转型,而资源依赖性上升是煤炭城市转型的显著阻力。  相似文献   

中国二元经济结构转换与宏观经济政策调整     

徐世江 《鞍山师范学院学报》2012,14(3):14-16

通过观察本文所构造的＂综合二元对比系数＂的指标变化趋势可以发现,1978年改革开放以来,我国二元经济结构的强度不但没有下降,反而出现了总体上升态势。究其根源,兼具城市偏向性和非连续性的宏观经济政策导向应该是重要原因。因此,在化解城乡矛盾、消除二元经济特征的过程中,变城市偏向性和非连续性的宏观经济政策导向为均衡性和连续性导向,应该成为宏观经济政策调整的基本指向。  相似文献   

技术视角下的教育范式变革   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

武法提  李彤彤 《现代远程教育研究》2012,(2):20-25,49

面对21世纪全球化以及技术革命的挑战,教育范式转变已是大势所趋。教育的全球化、信息化、个性化、多元化是教育范式变革的出发点,只有以此＂四重化＂教育范式指导下的教育系统才能真正实现教育＂面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来＂,才能培养出具有创新精神的个性化人才,也才能使我国的教育取得突破性的进展。技术是教育范式转变的必要条件,为教育资源的全球化共建共享、信息技术与学习环境的全面融合、创新型人才的个性化发展,以及多元化的教与学方式提供了有力支撑。  相似文献