踝关节稳定程度差异对侧跳落地缓冲模式影响的研究     

张帆  王竹影  吴志建  宋彦李青 《中国体育科技》2020,(2):46-63

目的:探讨不同踝关节稳定程度对侧跳落地缓冲时姿势稳定策略与神经肌肉控制的影响。方法:36名男性大学高水平运动员为受试者,按照踝关节不稳定程度分为12人健康组(CON)、12人隐患组(LAT)和12人不稳定组(CAI),以随机顺序执行4次单足连续侧跳动作,涉及外侧侧向跳动作(SHL)与内侧侧向跳动作(SHM)。使用VICON三维动作捕捉系统、KISTLER测力板与DELSYS无线表面肌电收集下肢生物力学参数;使用独立样本单因子方差分析(one-way ANOVA)比较各组在起跳后落地5个阶段的下肢关节运动学参数、动力学参数及肌肉激活水平。结果:1)下肢矢状面肌群激活程度与踝关节肌肉共同收缩率,对CAI组的动态姿势稳定扮演重要角色,以SHL落地的踝关节外翻动作能降低踝关节内翻扭伤风险;2)在SHL落地模式下,CAI组髋关节内收动作可能会引起踝关节内翻动作,侧跳落地的踝关节内翻角速度出现较早且快速的特征是CAI组反复扭伤的关键;3)踝关节策略主要影响压力中心(COP)参数,髋关节策略则能改变质量中心(COM);CON组侧跳的落地缓冲与姿势控制能力不及CAI稳定;SHM落地模式是踝关节内翻扭伤的高风险动作。结论:CAI组运动员即便在扭伤康复后,仍存在再次扭伤的可能,可针对踝关节活动范围与神经肌肉控制进行强化与训练,避免反复损伤。  相似文献   

Knee joint coordination during single-leg landing in different directions     

Komsak Sinsurin  Sarun Srisangboriboon  Jim Richards 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(5):652-664

ABSTRACT

Knee joint coordination during jump landing in different directions is an important consideration for injury prevention. The aim of the current study was to investigate knee and hip kinematics on the non-dominant and dominant limbs during landing. A total of 19 female volleyball athletes performed single-leg jump-landing tests in four directions; forward (0°), diagonal (30° and 60°) and lateral (90°) directions. Kinematic and ground reaction force data were collected using a 10-camera Vicon system and an AMTI force plate. Knee and hip joint angles, and knee angular velocities were calculated using a lower extremity model in Visual3D. A two factor repeated measures ANOVA was performed to explore limb dominance and jump direction. Significant differences were seen between the jump directions for; angular velocity at initial contact (p < 0.001), angular velocity at peak vertical ground reaction force (p < 0.001), and knee flexion excursion (p = 0.016). Knee coordination was observed to be poorer in the early phase of velocity-angle plot during landing in lateral direction compared to forward and diagonal directions. The non-dominant limb seemed to have better coordination than the dominant limb during multi-direction jump landing. Therefore, dominant limbs appear to be at a higher injury risk than non-dominant limbs.  相似文献   

基于不同刚体模型的体操落地冲击动力学比较研究     

肖晓飞  郝卫亚  李旭鸿  何卫  娄彦涛  吴成亮 《北京体育大学学报》2015,38(3):78-83

目的:对比不同刚体模型的仿真精度,探讨不同刚体模型的体操落地冲击动力学差异。方法:创建19(模型1)、16(模型2)、14(模型3)、13(模型4)、12(模型5)环节的人体多刚体模型和体操落地垫模型,进行自由操落地动力学仿真。结果:除模型4外,其余模型仿真获取的膝关节角度曲线与运动学解析结果非常接近。综合对比髋、膝、踝关节角度、GRF及到达时间,模型3最适用于重现自由操落地实际运动表现。右膝关节伸肌力矩峰值从模型1到模型5依次降低,模型1最大(281 N·m);屈肌力矩峰值从模型1到模型5依次增大,模型5最大(48 N·m)。结论:模型3仿真精度最高,完全可以重现实际运动学表现。膝关节屈曲角度对伸肌、屈肌力矩峰值影响较大。  相似文献   

Higher anterior knee laxity influences the landing biomechanics displayed by pubescent girls     

Catherine Y. Wild  Bridget J. Munro  Julie R. Steele 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(2):159-165

Despite an increase in anterior knee laxity (AKL) during the adolescent growth spurt in girls, it is unknown whether landing biomechanics are affected by this change. This study investigated whether pubescent girls with higher AKL displayed differences in their lower limb strength or landing biomechanics when performing a horizontal leap movement compared to girls with lower AKL. Forty-six pubescent girls (10–13 years) were tested at the time of their peak height velocity (PHV). Passive AKL was quantified and used to classify participants into higher (HAKL; peak displacement > 4 mm) and lower (LAKL; peak displacement < 3 mm) AKL groups (n = 15/group). Three-dimensional kinematics, ground reaction forces (GRF) and muscle activation patterns were assessed during a horizontal leap landing. HAKL participants displayed significantly (P < 0.05) reduced hip abduction, increased hip abduction moments, as well as earlier hamstring muscle and later tibialis anterior activation compared to LAKL participants. Girls with HAKL displayed compensatory landing biomechanics, which are suggested to assist the functional stability of their knees during this dynamic task. Further research is warranted, however, to confirm or refute this notion.  相似文献   

Side-to-side differences in lower extremity biomechanics during multi-directional jump landing in volleyball athletes     

Komsak Sinsurin  Sarun Srisangboriboon  Roongtiwa Vachalathiti 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(6):699-709

Side-to-side differences of lower extremities may influence the likelihood of injury. Moreover, adding the complexity of jump-landing direction would help to explain lower extremity control during sport activities. The aim was to determine the effects of limb dominance and jump-landing direction on lower extremity biomechanics. Nineteen female volleyball athletes participated. Both dominant limbs (DLs) and non-dominant limbs (NLs) were examined in single-leg jump-landing tests in four directions, including forward (0°), diagonal (30° and 60°), and lateral (90°) directions. Kinematic marker trajectories and ground reaction forces were collected using a 10 camera Vicon system and an AMTI force plate. Repeated measures ANOVA (2?×?4, limb?×?direction) was used to analyse. The finding showed that, at peak vertical GRF, a significant interaction of limb dominance and direction effects was found in the hip flexion angle and lower extremity joint kinetics (p?<?.05). NLs and DLs exhibited significantly different strategies while landing in various directions. Significantly higher increase of ankle dorsiflexion angle was observed in lateral direction compared to other directions for both DLs and NLs (p?<?.05). Increasingly using ankle dorsiflexion was observed from the forward to the lateral direction for both DLs and NLs. However, NLs and DLs preferentially used different strategies of joint moment organization to respond to similar VGRFs in various directions. The response pattern of DLs might not be effective and may expose DLs to a higher injury risk, especially with regard to landing with awkward posture compared with NLs.  相似文献   

飞机下降和进近中的安全管理     

吕海波 《成都航空职业技术学院学报》2010,26(4):43-46

统计资料表明,在造成飞机进近和着陆阶段飞行事故的主要原因中,人为因素占有很大的比重。本文对飞机在下降和进近过程中出现事故的诱因进行了总体分析,经过分步确定目标,核实每一个有疑问的数据,监控每一段飞行中的关键数据,适时调整所需的各项参数,果断地做出正确的决策,进而形成了下降和进近过程中能够确保飞行安全又较为合理的的飞行管理方法。  相似文献   

军人长跑着地方式研究     

王向前 《军事体育进修学院学报》2013,32(3):68-71

探讨军人体能训练长跑的不同着地方式,目的是改进着地技术、减少训练伤病。采用文献资料和理论分析的研究方法,结果发现,目前有脚前掌、脚全掌和脚后跟三种着地方式;现有研究表明,跑速小于3．3m／s时多以脚后跟方式着地,跑速大于5．5±0．3m／s时多以非脚后跟着地方式为主,而对我军长跑训练中4m／s左右跑速时的着地方式缺乏研究。  相似文献   

腾空摆莲转体720°接马步动作的落地稳定性分析     

张江华 《搏击·武术科学》2013,(12):56-58

文章运用文献资料法、专家访问法、数理统计法、对比分析法、运动生物力学测试法对腾空摆莲转体720度接马步动作的落地稳定性进行分析研究,认为：落地时刻的躯干角大小、腰骶连接点距离地面的高度、腰骶连接点对X轴的水平速度是影响落地稳定性的主要因素;落地时刻躯干角大、腰骶连接点距离地面高、对X轴水平速度小有利于落地稳定性。  相似文献   

Tibial shock measured during the fencing lunge: the influence of footwear     

Jonathan Sinclair  Katrina Taylor  Andrew Greenhalgh 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):65-71

Fencing is a high-intensity sport involving dynamic movements such as the lunge exposing the musculoskeletal system to high impact forces, which emphasises the importance of the shock attenuating properties of footwear as a factor in the prevention of injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the magnitudes of the transient axial impact shock experienced at the tibia between traditional fencing shoes and standard athletic footwear during the impact phase of the fencing lunge. Peak tibial shock was measured in 19 male fencers in 4 different footwear conditions using an accelerometer placed on the distal aspect of the tibia. The standard footwear (11.08 g and 8.75 g for squash and running shoe, respectively) resulted in significant (p < 0.01) reductions in peak impact shock in comparison to the traditional fencing shoes (15.93 g and 13.97 g for the Adidas and Hi-Tec shoe, respectively). No significant differences were found between the running and squash shoes (p = 0.09) or between the fencing shoes (p = 0.48). The documented reduction in impact shock found suggests that running or squash specific footwear may reduce overuse injury occurrence, indicating that there is justification for a re-design of fencing shoes.  相似文献   

试论武装泅渡在现代渡海登陆中的应用与发展     

欧洪江  张壮欢  吴涤 《军事体育进修学院学报》2004,23(1):82-83

武装泅渡在现代战争中的作用虽然已被先进的武器装备、战术理论等因素削弱了，但是它作为一种战术手段、练兵途径仍然具有不可估量的重要价值，尤其在渡海登陆作战中是一项不可或缺的战斗和生存技能。  相似文献