美国中小学领域“教育增值评估体系”研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吕敏霞 《外国教育研究》2011,(3):14-19

目前,美国中小学领域中的"教育增值评估体系"是在国家重视教育问责、鼓励建立新一轮绩效工资制度的背景下产生的,教育增值的计算原理和计算结果的有效性成为其立论基础。该体系的实施以增值评估的统计分析方法为前提,现实中有很多具体案例。除了评估学校与教师的工作绩效以计算绩效收入外,教育增值评估体系的内容范畴还涉及教师专业发展、职前教师培养和教师从教资格与级别的认证等方面。  相似文献   

Experiences of teacher evaluation systems on high school physical education programs     

Sharon R. Phillips  Kevin Mercier  Sarah Doolittle 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2017,22(4):364-377

Primary objective: Teacher evaluation is being revamped by policy-makers. The marginalized status of physical education has protected this subject area from reform for many decades, but in our current era of system-wide, data-based decision-making, physical education is no longer immune. Standardized and local testing, together with structured observation measures, are swiftly being mandated in the USA as required elements of teacher evaluation systems in an effort to improve school programs and student achievement. The purpose of this investigation was to document how this reform was initiated and the experiences of teachers, students and administrators, from three high school physical education programs, during initiation of this reform. Documenting how physical education programs respond to such reforms develops our understanding of top-down reform efforts and helps to identify conditions under which such reforms have the intended effect on physical education teachers and student learning in physical education.

Theoretical framework: Fullan’s three phases of school change has been used to analyze and guide school change efforts in several subject areas including physical education. The phases are initiation, implementation and institutionalization. This study is situated primarily within the first phase of school change, the initiation phase.

Methods and procedures: This study took place over a 21-month period in 3 suburban school districts in a northeast metropolitan area of the USA. Interviews with district physical education administrators, high school physical education teachers and students were conducted. Field notes of physical education classes, informal interviews and related artifacts including pre- and post-physical education assessments were collected. To ensure trustworthiness, several steps were taken including member checks, triangulation and peer review. The data were analyzed to find common themes and patterns using the constant comparative method.

Results: Several themes emerged: (1) changes in curriculum and assessment; (2) effect on administrators; (3) stakeholder apathy and (4) department collaboration.

Conclusion: Changes, although minor, did take place in the wake of this top-down teacher reform; however, additional research needs to be completed to determine whether or not these changes are meaningful or long lasting.  相似文献   

薪酬公平感对企业员工责任心的影响——基于国有大中型企业的实证研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

杨付  王飞  曹兴敏 《科学学与科学技术管理》2010,31(3)

以四川省若干国有大中型企业及下属各企业的各级主管人员和普通员工为研究对象,基于242份有效问卷进行探索性因素分析和多元逐步回归分析,以探求在我国文化背景下的国有大中型企业中员工薪酬公平感和企业员工责任心的结构维度以及两者之间的关系.  相似文献   

The role of cash transfers in maximising schools’ protective effects for children in extreme settings: An ecological approach     

《International Journal of Educational Development》2015

Given growing attention to inequities and hardest-to-reach children, there is increasing interest in how to support children in extreme settings, including through schooling. We focus on cash transfer programmes – poverty reduction initiatives aimed at human capital development – and adopt an ecological focus, considering children in informal and formal settings in households, schools, communities and broader polities. Using qualitative methodologies we explore how cash transfer programmes can facilitate schooling in Kenya, Palestine and Peru. We argue it is critical to consider both demand and supply side challenges and entry-points. We conclude that involving communities in programme design, monitoring and evaluation is essential to promote greater transparency and accountability, and ultimately child wellbeing outcomes.  相似文献   

Changing the English Classroom: When Large-scale ‘Common’ Testing Meets Secondary Curriculum and Instruction in the United States     

Sandra K. Cimbricz  Matthew L. McConn 《Changing English: An International Journal of English Teaching》2015,22(4):393-404

This article explores the intersection of new, large-scale standards-based testing, teacher accountability policy, and secondary curriculum and instruction in the United States. Two federally funded consortia – the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium and the Partnership for Readiness of College and Careers – prove focal to this paper, as these two organisations are creating new tests that will assess 42–49% of the K–12 student population in the United States in 2014–2015. Because greater teacher accountability for student performance will be given for these tests, there is more reason to pay attention to what these tests measure and what they do not. Our analysis suggests that these new tests will hold secondary English teachers accountable for literacy and disciplinary knowledge outside the field of English and thus raise important questions about what English teachers should, can and will do, especially when their jobs are on the line.  相似文献   

Accountability and the Framing Power of Visual Technologies: How Do Visualized Reconstructions of Incidents Influence Public and Political Accountability Discussions?     

Victor Bekkers  Rebecca Moody 《The Information Society》2014,30(2):144-158

In this article visual technologies and their use in three reconstructions after an incident are linked with accountability issues. Conclusions are drawn on the relation between administration, the choice of technology to create and distribute visual occurrences, and society and how visualizations are used to frame accountability issues.  相似文献   

科学共同体实现公共责任的途径选择分析     

胡春艳 《科学学研究》2014,32(10)

在科学活动过程中,科学共同体不仅要面临来自同行之间的各种权力冲突还要面对来自外界的权力冲突,这种活动已经不仅仅是智力或认知过程,而成为了一种利益竞争和政治过程,如何防止一些科学技术精英利用自身的话语权谋求个人利益一直是科研管理领域的重要问题。当代西方民主理论认为公共责任是遏制权力滥用、实现政府善治的有效途径,通过引入政治学和公共行政领域的公共责任理论,分析科学共同体公共责任的定义及表现形式,并从法律、政治、治理和伦理方面探讨了使其实现公共责任的途径,以期为公众提供更好的科学技术服务。  相似文献   

COMMUNITIES IN A CHANGING EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT     

Dianne  Gereluk    《British Journal of Educational Studies》2005,53(1):4-18

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Creating an Ofsted story: the role of early years assessment data in schools’ narratives of progress     

Alice Bradbury  Guy Roberts-Holmes 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2017,38(7):943-955

This paper explores the growing importance of measures of progress in judgements of schools’ effectiveness in England, with a focus on the role of the early years (settings for children aged 2–5) in providing data for these measures. Qualitative data from a research project involving three diverse school-based and pre-compulsory early years settings are used to explore how teachers and school leaders prioritise the collection of data in their every-day practice, in order to show how children make continual progress. The need for a narrative of progress as children move up through the primary school, an ‘Ofsted story’ for the school inspection service, is discussed alongside recent policy which requires a ‘baseline’ assessment at age four. We argue that there is a reification of progress in schools and early years settings, and that this changes the status of early years within the sector.  相似文献   

Online Schooling in the United States: A Response to Saultz and Fusarelli     

Dennis Beck  Jason LaFrance 《Journal of School Choice》2017,11(1):42-59

In this paper, we discuss some concerns and recommendations of Saultz and Fusarelli (2017), offering nuanced and detailed views of online schooling from a different perspective. This includes addressing challenges regarding online learning such as fluctuating enrollments, financial concerns, quality assurance, and accountability. In addition, we propose recommendations related to funding, better quality data, and oversight and monitoring. We conclude with a short discussion of the need for differentiated research for specific online learning contexts.  相似文献