R&D co-operation and innovation a microeconometric study on French firms     

S. Negassi 《Research Policy》2004,33(3):365-384

The scope of this paper is to report new empirical evidence on the determinants of R&D co-operation. Indeed, the literature on the capabilities of firms emphasises the role of knowledge in the performance and evolution of firms who use knowledge developed in others to build their own knowledge capital. R&D co-operation between firms is one of the many strategies by which this knowledge may be transmitted. Several theoretical models have stressed that R&D co-operation is more likely when the level of spillovers is high. While this supposition is used in many theoretical models, it has rarely been tested before. Our results do not lend strong support to this intuition. Indeed, our spillover variables (national pure spillovers, national rent spillovers and imports of machine tools), which were supposed to match the theoretical notion of spillovers used in these theoretical models have a positive but not a significant role when explaining R&D co-operation. The R&D co-operation increases with size and with R&D intensity, but not with market share. It also increases with the budget spent on paying license fees and on acquiring patents and labour from foreign firms. In this study, we also analyse the determinants of innovation. In more precise terms, we compare the effects of R&D co-operation to those played by traditional internal factors and those exerted by external, pure and rent spillovers on the innovation capacity of the firms. Our results show that the commercial success of innovations of French firms depends mainly on size, market share, R&D intensity and human capital. Inward FDI from industrialised countries exerts a positive and significant effect. The finding highlights the important role of the absorptive capacity of firms. Spillover measurements, such as the acquisition of machine tools, foreign patents, licenses, and technological opportunities have a positive impact on innovation.  相似文献   

中国白兔红细胞上C3b受体测定研究     

陈思义  张德成 《科技通报》1993,9(5):319-321

通过对32例健康的中国白兔红细胞上C_(3b)受体和免疫复合物的检测,其红细胞上C_(3b)受体的花环率为8.86±1.42;免疫复合物的花环率为6.84±1.03.这一结果与恒河猴等动物相比,皆有一定的特异性,也充分表明中国白兔的红细胞在清除体内危害性极大的免疫复合物上起着重要的作用。  相似文献   

A tale of two literatures: Transaction costs and property rights in innovation outsourcing     

Nishaal Gooroochurn 《Research Policy》2007,36(10):1483-1495

This paper investigates the relative importance of property rights and transactions cost factors in driving the decision of firms to outsource innovation. Using data for over 8000 firms from the UK Community Innovation Survey, we find that property right factors dominate over transaction cost factors. Transaction cost variables are more important for process innovation, while property rights variables are more significant for firms involved in product innovation. In addition, we find that firms involved in process innovation have a higher probability of outsourcing innovation than firms involved in product innovation.  相似文献   

含DMPP硫硝铵不同基追肥比例对小青菜硝酸盐累积及品质的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

许超  吴良欢  巨晓棠  张福锁 《科技通报》2004,20(5):464-467

采用土培试验对含硝化抑制剂DMPP(3，4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐)硫硝铵(ASN)氮肥(简称ASN DMPP)不同基追肥比例对小青菜硝酸盐累积及营养品质的影响进行了探讨．结果表明，等氮量(每千克土用0．5g氮)施用条件下基肥75％、追肥25％的基追肥比例不仅可提高蔬菜产量、降低硝酸盐含量，还可提高Vc、氨基酸、Zn、N、K含量，改善了蔬菜品质。  相似文献   

Effect of low-dose omega-3 fatty acids substitution on blood pressure, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia in Indians with essential hypertension: A pilot study     

A. Bhise  P. V. Krishnan  R. Aggarwal  M. Gaiha  J. Bhattacharjee 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2005,20(2):4-9

The present study comprised 100 patients of essential hypertension who were screened for fasting hyperinsulinemia, which was detected in 77% cases. Twenty such hyperinsulinemic cases were subjected to 4 weeks of dietary control phase followed by 6 weeks of omega-3 fatty acids substitution [either 0.6 g/d (group 1) or 1.2 g/d (group 2)]. The mean basal fasting plasma insulin levels were significantly higher (p<0.001) in patients of hypertension when compared to normal controls (126.51±80.36 and 19.35±12.61 μU/ml respectively). At the end of 4 weeks of diet control only, no significant change was observed in any parameter. After substitution of omega-3 fatty acid, a significant reduction of fasting plasma insulin levels in both group 1 (29%) and group 2 (22.8%) was observed (p<0.001). Significant reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (16.4% and 25% respectively), serum cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein was also noted in both groups (p<0.001), while high density lipoprotein increased by ∼8 mg% in both groups. Thus omega-3 fatty acid substituion in low dose along-with curtailment of dietary omega-6 fatty acid may be used as an adjunctive measure in the management of essential hypertension.  相似文献   

三维表面微观形貌的等高图绘制及粗糙度3-D评定参数计算方法研究     

陈小岗  刘远伟  孙全平 《中国科技信息》2006,(20):281-284

针对零件表面质量的要求愈来愈高，而机加工表面微观形貌的粗糙度3-D评定方法却相对滞后。针对这一问题，本文就三维表面微观形貌的等高图的绘制方法、粗糙度3-D评定参数的计算提出了一些具体编程实现方法。重点阐述了三维表面等高图的绘制方法、3-D支承率和液体滞留性能指数的计算方法。利用JB-4C测量仪，开发了粗糙度3-D评定参数计算系统，验证了该方法的可行性。  相似文献   

Immune response to n-terminal and c-terminal deletion mutants of Aspergillus fumigatus major allergen ASP F 3     

Bhanu P. Singh  Banani Banerjee  Puspanita Naik  Jordan N. Fink  Viswanath P. Kurup 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2006,21(2):20-27

The ubiquitous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus causes allergic rhinitis, asthma, sinusitis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. A number of major allergens from A. fumigatus are purified, but their structure-function role in the pathogenesis of disease is not known. Such information is essential for devising alternative therapy of fungal allergic diseases. In the present study, N-terminal and C-terminal deletion mutants ofAsp f 3 were constructed and their immunopathological responses studied in a mice model of allergy. Three mutants viz,Asp f 3 (aa 33–168), (aa 1–142), and (aa 23–142) were made by deleting certain amino acids from epitopic regions of full lengthAsp f 3, a major allergen of A. furnigatus. TheAsp f 3 and three mutated proteins were expressed in pET vector. The C-terminal deletion mutantAsp f 3 (aa 1–142) induced elevated IFN-γ but low levels of IL-4 by spleen cells. This mutant also showed significant downregulation of peripheral blood eosinophils and lung inflammation in immunized mice. The N-terminal deletion mutantAsp f 3 (aa 33–168) also exhibited an immuno-suppressive effect in terms of IgE production and induction of Th2 cytokine. The results indicate thatrAsp f 3 and its deletion mutants induced distinct immune-inflammatory responses in mice on challenge with these proteins. The non-IgE binding deletion mutants ofAsp f 3 (aa 1–142 and aa 33–168) could deviate Th2 immune response with a concomitant reduction in airway inflammation and infiltration of inflammatory cells.  相似文献   

固网运营商ICT业务转型的SWOT分析     

袁铭 《内江科技》2006,27(9):84-85

随着新技术的发展和移动通信对固定通信的替代,以中国电信和中国网通为主的固网运营商面临传统业务下滑的形式,另一方面随着技术进步而产生的通信技术与信息技术的融合又为固网运营商提供了新的发展机遇。本文以SWOT分析工具,对固网运营商ICT业务转型从优势、劣势以及潜在机遇、面临挑战四方面进行分析,并提出相关建议。  相似文献   

决策树ID3算法的改进及其应用     

盛俊 《扬州职业大学学报》2011,15(4):34-36

分析了分类规则挖掘方法中决策树的原理,提出了ID3算法的改进算法,并将优化改进后的算法应用到营销决策支持系统中。  相似文献   

技术助力下远程学习资源设计探索——开放英语(3)多媒体学习系统教学设计策略     

陈扬 《广播电视大学学报》2011,(2):122-125

以信息和多媒体等技术应用为特点的现代远程教育对教育工作者提出了新的挑战.总结了电大公共英语课程“开放英语3”多媒体学习系统的教学设计策略,说明在进行远程学习资源设计时应充分挖掘技术优势,解决远程开放学习的问题,发挥远程学习的特点.  相似文献