Family and social risk,and parental investments during the early childhood years as predictors of low-income children's school readiness outcomes     

Rashmita S. Mistry  Aprile D. Benner  Jeremy C. Biesanz  Shaunna L. Clark  Carollee Howes 《Early childhood research quarterly》2010

Using data from the National Early Head Start (EHS) Research and Evaluation Project (N = 1851), the current study examined relations among cumulative family and social risk, assessed during infancy and the preschool years, and children's prekindergarten achievement, self-regulatory skills, and problematic social behavior, testing if these associations were mediated through two sets of family processes–responsive parenting practices and the provision of language stimulation and literacy practices. Structural equation modeling results highlight the significance of the timing of children's experience of risk in predicting school readiness competencies. Risk exposure during infancy was observed to be most detrimental for children's school readiness skills and was partially mediated by risk exposure during the preschool years and family processes, assessed during toddlerhood and the preschool years. Moderation analyses revealed no difference in the strength of relationships among the study variables by EHS assignment or by race/ethnicity.  相似文献   

Students’ experiences of clinic‐based learning during a final year veterinary internship programme     

Susan M. Matthew  Rosanne M. Taylor  Robert A. Ellis 《高等教育研究与发展》2010,29(4):389-404

This study investigated veterinary students’ experiences of clinic‐based learning (CBL) during a comprehensive final year internship programme. Open‐ended surveys (n = 93) were used to gather qualitative data about students’ conceptions of what is learned during CBL and their approaches to learning in clinics. Phenomenography was used for detailed analysis of the variation evident in students’ responses. Relationships between qualitative differences in students’ conceptions and approaches were then evaluated using quantitative statistical analysis. Links to achievement during final year were examined. Close associations were found between the quality of students’ experiences of CBL and achievement during the internship programme.  相似文献   

School readiness of maltreated children: Associations of timing,type, and chronicity of maltreatment     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

Children who have been maltreated during early childhood may experience a difficult transition into fulltime schooling, due to maladaptive development of the skills and abilities that are important for positive school adaptation. An understanding of how different dimensions of maltreatment relate to children’s school readiness is important for informing appropriate supports for maltreated children. In this study, the Australian Early Development Census scores of 19,203 children were linked to information on child maltreatment allegations (substantiated and unsubstantiated), including the type of alleged maltreatment, the timing of the allegation (infancy-toddlerhood or preschool), and the total number of allegations (chronicity). Children with a maltreatment allegation had increased odds of poor school readiness in cognitive and non-cognitive domains. Substantiated maltreatment was associated with poor social and emotional development in children, regardless of maltreatment type, timing, or chronicity. For children with unsubstantiated maltreatment allegations, developmental outcomes according to the type of alleged maltreatment were more heterogeneous; however, these children were also at risk of poor school readiness irrespective of the timing and/or chronicity of the alleged maltreatment. The findings suggest that all children with maltreatment allegations are at risk for poor school readiness; hence, these children may need additional support to increase the chance of a successful school transition. Interventions should commence prior to the start of school to mitigate early developmental difficulties that children with a history of maltreatment allegations may be experiencing, with the aim of reducing the incidence of continuing difficulties in the first year of school and beyond.  相似文献   

大科学工程高精密光学元器件研制的技术成熟度评价实证研究     

淡晶晶  莫磊  徐隆波  贺少勃  王传珂  张光军  刘人境 《科技管理研究》2018,(24):196-201

研究大科学工程巨型激光装置建设所需的高精密光学元器件研制技术成熟度评价体系,提出光学元件研制的技术成熟度评价方法、评价等级、评价要素和评价流程。基于该体系对关键元件研制技术成熟度评价进行实证应用,评价结果对巨型激光装置的工程设计提供重要参考,降低巨型激光装置研制风险及光学元件供货对巨型激光装置研制进度的影响。  相似文献   

工作找寻与学用匹配——对高校毕业生的实证检验   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李锋亮  陈晓宇  刘帆 《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2009,(5)

在高校毕业生的工作找寻过程中,是否能实现学用匹配对其个人及整个社会都具有重要意义。如果高校毕业生的学用不匹配状况比较严重,那么大学教育培养专用性人力资本的功能就会受到毕业生、雇主和整个社会的质疑,而且这也将是国家和社会在大学专业性教育方面花费的巨大人力、物力资源的隐性浪费。通过借鉴、整合已有的工作找寻理论流派,利用北京大学课题组2005年进行的全国范围内的高校毕业生调查数据,对毕业生的工作找寻准备、努力程度与初始工作学用匹配情况之间的关系所作的经验研究发现,那些愿意去西部工作的毕业生更有可能找到学用匹配的工作;那些兴趣与所学专业匹配的毕业生更有可能找到学用匹配的工作;那些在工作找寻过程中有越多工作单位愿意接收的毕业生,越容易找到学用匹配的工作;同时,那些求职于越多工作单位而且求职费用花费更多的毕业生却未必能够找到学用匹配的工作。这些经验结果表明,在高校学生进入实际求职前,就应该开始帮助他们进行求职准备。  相似文献   

高水平游泳运动员参赛准备状态调控的研究     

王美霞  胡志高 《体育科技文献通报》2013,21(1):61-62

参赛准备状态的调控是保证运动员在比赛中正常或超常发挥极为重要的训练阶段.本文采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、对比分析法等对广东省游泳队及广州体育学院游泳队参加国内外重大赛事的参赛准备状态进行研究分析,对其调控方法进行反复对比和调整,并根据运动员的个体差异进行调整.总结出参赛准备状态的调控因素:体能准备、技术准备、战术准备达到训练上的调控;合理定位、关注自我,诊断状态、调整心理达到心理上的调控;以及适应性调控和后勤调控等因素.  相似文献   

桑代克的学习定律及其启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马彩虹 《常熟理工学院学报》2001,15(3):68-70

美国心理学家桑代克在20世纪初根据实验结果提出了三大学习定律－准备律，练习律和效果律，探讨这三大学习定律对今天的教育教学工作有着积极的意义。  相似文献   

Do Parents Benefit? Perspectives of Low-Income Parents Who Received a Free Early Readiness Program for Their Child     

Donita Massengill 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2004,31(3):179-185

The purpose of this study was to discover the interpretations and perspectives of 4 low-income parents who received a free early readiness program for their child. Two interviewees were parents who had a child enrolled the year data was collected, and the other two interviewees were parents whose children had participated previously in the early readiness program. The results of this study show that the early readiness program offered benefits to the parents as well as the child, regardless of enrollment year. The benefits include, but were not limited to, social support for parents, financial assistance, greater understanding of their children, and practical parenting ideas. The findings of this study supported the value of free early readiness programs for low-income parents. The discussion substantiates the findings of this study with previous research and concludes there were several identifiable benefits for the parents.  相似文献   

Children's school readiness in the ECLS-K: Predictions to academic, health, and social outcomes in first grade     

Elizabeth Hair  Tamara Halle  Elizabeth Terry-Humen  Bridget Lavelle  Julia Calkins 《Early childhood research quarterly》2006,21(4):431-454

Two studies examine patterns of school readiness in children at school entry and how these patterns predict first-grade outcomes in a nationally representative sample of first-time kindergartners from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999 (N = 17,219). In Study 1, cluster analyses revealed four profiles at kindergarten entry: comprehensive positive development (30%), social/emotional and health strengths (34%), social/emotional risk (13%), and health risk (22.5% of the sample). Study 2 results suggested that children with one of the two “risk” profiles were more likely to be from families with multiple socioeconomic disadvantages. In addition, all four profiles differentially predicted academic and social adjustment in early elementary school. Children with a risk profile performed the worst on all outcomes; children with a comprehensive positive development profile performed the best. The authors discuss the need for early identification of children who may be at risk for entering school with few school readiness strengths.  相似文献   

中澳大学生自我导向学习能力之比较——基于上海大学与澳大利亚悉尼科技大学的对比研究     

王菊兰 《比较教育研究》2008,30(7)

本研究采用自然调查法,对受试样本进行了预测问卷和正式问卷的调查,数据分析结果表明:中澳大学生的自我导向学习准备度差异较大;两国大学生在自我导向学习意识上体现出显著性差异;在自我导向学习具体技能上没有体现出显著性差异.差异主要源于两国不同的教学理念、课堂形式和学习评价标准.  相似文献