北京市男子大学生足球运动员运动损伤特征与风险因素筛查     

吴放  陈效科 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(7):56-62

摘要：目的：掌握北京市男子大学生足球运动员运动损伤的流行情况，对导致运动损伤发生的风险因素进行筛查，为进一步预防男子大学生足球运动损伤的发生提供依据。方法：应用方便分层抽样的方法，对参加北京市男子大学生足球联赛甲、乙、丙组的14所高校249名在校大学生足球运动员的损伤情况进行调查，应用T检验、单因素χ2检验与二元非条件logistic回归模型进行分析。结果与结论：充分了解了北京市男子大学生足球运动员的运动损伤现状和特征；筛查出为运动损伤发生的主要的风险因素；错误的技术动作、对手的粗野动作导致损伤发生的主要诱发事件。  相似文献   

Bicycle rider control skills: expertise and assessment     

Borut Fonda  Nejc Sarabon 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(14):1383-1391

Abstract

Research on how human balance and control bicycles are inconclusive, largely due to the small number of participants in the previous studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that 1) cycling lateral deviation amplitude will reliably show differences between more and less experienced cyclists and 2) more experienced will exhibit slower and smaller steering motions compared to the less experienced cyclists. Twenty-eight experienced and inexperienced cyclists rode a bicycle in a straight line. Lateral deviation, steering and roll were measured. Intersession reliability of the deviation was high with Cronbach’s alpha values higher than 0.75. The amplitude, variability and rate of steering and roll parameters showed statistically significant differences between the groups. The test used in this study is sensitive to detect differences between more and less experienced cyclists and can be used for further research that aims to test the effect of a specific intervention addressing rider control. We also showed that steering and roll angle, which were described before as two of the main motor control actions in bicycle control, differ in the variability, amplitude and rate between more and less experienced cyclists. The results of the present study have practical implications for improving bicycle rider control and increasing the safety of cyclists.  相似文献   

试论竞技体育中故意伤害行为的刑法考量          下载免费PDF全文

王晓贞 《体育科研》2017,(1):14-18，25

采用文献研究结合逻辑分析的方法，从竞技体育行业特殊性及其刑法规制争议性出发，结合国内外相关案例，通过对刑法规制的损益分析，从支持刑法规制的角度，提出了认定竞技体育故意伤害行为是否触犯刑法的具体判断标准及步骤，即应当严格遵循“客观不法+主观有责”两步判断法，在主客观重合的范围内判断该行为是否构成犯罪，必要时考虑该行为损害的法益是否受刑法保护，从而更好地进行个案平衡。  相似文献   

Biomechanics of judo backward breakfall for different throwing techniques in novice judokas     

Sentaro Koshida  Takanori Ishii  Tadamitsu Matsuda  Toshihiko Hashimoto 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(4):417-424

It is generally accepted that proper learning of the breakfall technique during early judo training is essential for attenuating the risk of judo-related head injury. Therefore, it is critical to understand the kinematics and head injury risks of breakfall motion to design a more safe and effective judo teaching paradigm that results in reduction of injury risk. We aimed to investigate the biomechanics of judo backward breakfalls by comparing osoto-gari and ouchi-gari in novice judokas. Twelve male novice judokas (age: 21.3 years, SD?=?0.6 years; height: 1.74?m, SD?=?0.04?m; body weight: 71.3, SD?=?6.4?kg; body mass index: 23.5, SD?=?2.3) volunteered to participate in this study. The kinematic data of the breakfall motion for both osoto-gari and ouchi-gari were collected using a three-dimensional motion analysis technique (200?Hz). We observed significant differences between the movement patterns for the two techniques, especially in the lower extremity movements. In addition, a significantly greater peak extension momentum (osoto-gari: 1.29, SD?=?0.23?kg?m^2?s^?1; ouchi-gari: 0.84, SD?=?0.29?kg?m^2?s^?1) and lower head position along the vertical axis (osoto-gari: 0.18, SD?=?0.05?m; ouchi-gari: 0.31, SD?=?0.08?m) with a large effect size were found in the breakfall for osoto-gari. Our results suggest that a different paradigm is needed for effectively teaching each breakfall technique that will enable us to substantially lower the risk of judo-related head injuries in novice judokas.  相似文献   

Increasing hip and knee flexion during a drop-jump task reduces tibiofemoral shear and compressive forces: implications for ACL injury prevention training     

Liang-Ching Tsai  Yi-An Ko  Kyle E. Hammond  John W. Xerogeanes  Gordon L. Warren  Christopher M. Powers 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(24):2405-2411

Although most ACL injury prevention programmes encourage greater hip and knee flexion during landing, it remains unknown how this technique influences tibiofemoral joint forces. We examined whether a landing strategy utilising greater hip and knee flexion decreases tibiofemoral anterior shear and compression. Twelve healthy women (25.9 ± 3.5 years) performed a drop-jump task before and after a training session (10–15 min) that emphasised greater hip and knee flexion. Peak tibiofemoral anterior shear and compressive forces were calculated using an electromyography (EMG)-driven knee model that incorporated joint kinematics, EMG and participant-specific muscle volumes and patella tendon orientation measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Participants demonstrated a decrease in peak anterior tibial shear forces (11.1 ± 3.3 vs. 9.6 ± 2.7 N · kg^?1; P = 0.008) and peak tibiofemoral compressive forces (68.4 ± 7.6 vs. 62.0 ± 5.5 N · kg^?1; P = 0.015) post-training. The decreased peak anterior tibial shear was accompanied by a decrease in the quadriceps anterior shear force, while the decreased peak compressive force was accompanied by decreased ground reaction force and hamstring forces. Our data provide justification for injury prevention programmes that encourage greater hip and knee flexion during landing to reduce tibiofemoral joint loading.  相似文献   

太原市高校体教专业学生短跑课损伤现状与预防     

冯强 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(6):120-121

通过对太原市体教专业学生在田径短跑课中运动损伤调查统计,发现太原市高校体育教育专业学生在田径短跑课中,由于准备活动不充分、学生自我保护意识差、技术动作要领不正确、带伤上课等原因造成了运动损伤,针对以上问题提出加强基本功训练、加强运动中的保护和自我保护意识等建议。  相似文献   

我国校园足球可持续发展的若干问题研究          下载免费PDF全文

黄山 《河北体育学院学报》2019,33(2):66-69

发展校园足球是推进我国校园体育活动的重要力量，亦是提升我国足球运动水平的必然选择。虽然在相关政策的支持下，我国校园足球发展迅速，但依然面临经费短缺、师资不足、发展不均衡、学训矛盾突出、体制机制不完善、社会认可度不高、医疗保障体系不健全等问题。指出，学校应密切联系俱乐部、企业，多渠道获取发展资源；从内部培养与外部引进两方面充实师资力量；坚持全面发展原则，妥善解决学训矛盾，提升学生综合素质；加强足球文化建设，营造良好氛围，提升足球参与者的荣誉感；强化校园足球风险防范意识，加强风险管理。旨在促进我国校园足球健康可持续发展。  相似文献   

Between-limb differences in running technique induces asymmetric negative joint work during running     

Satoru Hashizume  Hiroaki Hobara  Yoshiyuki Kobayashi 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):757-764

Negative work, which is mainly generated by eccentric muscle contraction, has an important influence on the associated muscle damage. Generally, mechanical parameters are determined for one side of a lower extremity on the assumption of negligible between-limb differences. However, between-limb differences in the negative work of lower extremity joints during running remain unclear. This study examines between-limb differences in negative work and associated mechanical parameters during the contact phase of running. Twenty-five young adult males voluntarily participated in this study. Each participant was asked to run on a straight runway at a speed of 3.0?m?s^?1. Negative work, amplitude, duration of negative power, moment, and angular velocity were computed for both sides of the lower extremities. Significant differences were found in negative work between limbs for the hip (18.9?±?11.7%), knee (13.6?±?10.4%), and ankle (11.8?±?8.5%) joints. For the hip joint, asymmetric negative work was attributable to the between-limb difference in the amplitude of negative power owing to a corresponding difference in the moment. The between-limb differences concerning the duration and amplitude of negative power could explain the asymmetric negative work in the knee joint. The asymmetric negative work of the ankle joint was attributable to the between-limb difference in the amplitude and duration of the negative power and the moment. These results indicate that asymmetric negative work was generated in each lower extremity joint; however, the major mechanical parameters corresponding to the negative work are not the same across the joints.  相似文献   

竞技游泳运动员运动性伤病情况调查分析          下载免费PDF全文

檀志宗  楼俊华  李男 《体育科研》2019,(6):93-97

采用问卷调查法对浙沪两省市194名游泳运动员进行运动性伤病调查，主要从运动性伤病的类型、部位、性质方面对比分析不同竞技水平游泳运动员的伤病表型特征。结果显示：优秀运动员运动性损伤较常见，多以慢性劳损为主，损伤部位依次为肩关节、腰背部和膝关节；一般运动员常发生急性损伤，损伤部位依次为膝关节、肩关节和腰背部。两组运动员鼻炎和中耳炎均常见。因此，依据运动性伤病的可能原因与机制，需要制定有针对性的预防措施，以减少运动性伤病的发生。  相似文献   

Is there really an eccentric action of the hamstrings during the swing phase of high-speed running? part I: A critical review of the literature     

Bas Van Hooren  Frans Bosch 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(23):2313-2321

It is widely assumed that there is an eccentric hamstring muscle fibre action during the swing phase of high-speed running. However, animal and modelling studies in humans show that the increasing distance between musculotendinous attachment points during forward swing is primarily due to passive lengthening associated with the take-up of muscle slack. Later in the swing phase, the contractile element (CE) maintains a near isometric action while the series elastic (tendinous) element first stretches as the knee extends, and then recoils causing the swing leg to forcefully retract prior to ground contact. Although modelling studies showed some active lengthening of the contractile (muscular) element during the mid-swing phase of high-speed running, we argue that the increasing distance between the attachment points should not be interpreted as an eccentric action of the CE due to the effects of muscle slack. Therefore, there may actually be no significant eccentric, but rather predominantly an isometric action of the hamstrings CE during the swing phase of high-speed running when the attachment points of the hamstrings are moving apart. Based on this, we propose that isometric rather than eccentric exercises are a more specific way of conditioning the hamstrings for high-speed running.  相似文献