算法影响评价:算法规制的制度创新     

李安 《情报杂志》2021,(3):146-152,161

[目的/意义]算法在推动智能化革命的同时,带了一系列包括算法黑箱、算法偏见在内的技术风险和社会问题,因此有必要从制度层面探讨算法规制的有效路径。[方法/过程]算法规制的要点是提高算法透明度。在与算法透明现有方法的比较分析中,提出算法影响评价的制度优越性。进而,从制度渊源和理论基础两个方面,对算法影响评价制度进行深刻剖析;并从分类管理、评价范围、程序环节、报告书等方面,对算法影响评价制度的具体构建进行系统讨论。[结果/结论]算法影响评价制度有助于构建一个取向于公开和公正的智能社会。中国应密切跟踪欧美国家(地区)的立法政策动向,采用“两步走”方案推进算法影响评价制度的构建和发展。  相似文献   

Comparing student,instructor, classroom and institutional data to evaluate a seven-year department-wide science education initiative     

Francis Jones 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2018,43(2):323-338

We compared seven unrelated data-sets to evaluate a major education improvement initiative. Perceptions of students in 54 course sections were surveyed regarding the helpfulness of 39 specific teaching or learning strategies, and relative workloads and enthusiasm were compared to their other courses. Classes were observed using an established protocol, instructors completed a teaching practices inventory, and their experience with evidence-based pedagogies was established. A graduation exit survey provided longitudinal indications of changes prior to the study, and institutional student ratings of instruction were obtained. This study sought to determine whether improvements were consistently revealed by these data, how perceptions depended upon class size, course improvement model and instructor experience, and whether student ratings captured consistent perceptions about effectiveness. Overall, results compared favourably. Student perceptions and observed effectiveness depended mainly upon class size and improvement strategy. Students found experiences more effective in courses taught by experienced instructors and in classes observed to be more active. Relative workloads were not correlated with any measure of effectiveness while relative enthusiasm was higher in courses perceived to be more effective. Student ratings were consistent with other data-sets, although they did not provide information specific enough for informing further improvements.  相似文献   

CiteScore与影响因子评价对比研究——基于2016年SCI收录的美国眼科学期刊     

盛丽娜 《中国科技期刊研究》2018,29(4):321-325

【目的】 分析Scopus数据库新推出的期刊评价指标CiteScore与JCR经典指标影响因子对期刊评价效力的差异。【方法】 以2016年同时被SCI和Scopus数据库收录的美国眼科学期刊为研究对象,以问卷调查评分结果为标准,对比分析CiteScore与影响因子(IF₂)对期刊评价效力的异同。同时计算各期刊3年引证时间窗口影响因子(IF₃),及按照CiteScore计算公式获得的3年引证时间窗口影响因子(IF_3T),并对上述评价指标进行对比分析。【结果】 Wilcoxon检验结果显示,CiteScore较IF₂、IF₃小,但较IF_3T大,差异均有统计学意义。CiteScore较IF₂、IF₃、IF_3T更接近于正态分布,离散度更小。Pearson相关性分析结果表明,CiteScore、IF₂、IF₃、IF_3T与问卷调查得分之间均呈显著正相关;各指标与问卷调查得分的相关系数由大到小分别为CiteScore(0.727)、IF₂(0.700)、IF₃(0.700)、IF_3T(0.565)。【结论】CiteScore对美国眼科学期刊的评价效力与IF₂、IF₃类似。  相似文献   

基于CiteScore的江苏省科技期刊国际影响力研究     

丁佐奇 《中国科技期刊研究》2018,29(4):334-338

【目的】 利用Scopus数据库新推出的期刊评价指标CiteScore评价江苏省科技期刊的国际影响力。【方法】 对比研究被Scopus数据库收录的江苏省科技期刊2016年和2011年CiteScore、CiteScore百分位数、CiteScore排名的变化,具体分析其中SCI和EI收录期刊的指标变化及“中国科技期刊国际影响力提升计划”对江苏省科技期刊发展的促进作用。【结果】 江苏省被Scopus收录的科技期刊种数维持稳定,SCI和EI收录期刊指标占优势地位,“中国科技期刊国际影响力提升计划”在此过程中起到一定的推动作用。【结论】 建议江苏省重点高校和科研院所依托学科优势创办更多优质的专业期刊,以期在数量和质量上共同提升江苏省科技期刊的国际影响力。  相似文献   

Kinematics and metabolic cost of running on an irregular treadmill surface     

Alyssa M. Gantz 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(10):1103-1110

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic and metabolic effects of running on an irregular surface. We also examined how altering the frontal plane foot angle (inversion/eversion) at contact using real-time visual feedback would affect these other variables. Sixteen participants completed three running bouts lasting 5–7 minutes each on an irregular surface (IS) treadmill, a traditional smooth surface (SS) treadmill, and on SS while receiving visual feedback of the frontal plane foot angle at contact (SSF) with a goal of matching IS foot angle on SS. Frontal plane foot angle increased 40% from IS to SS (IS: 8.4 ± 4.09°, SS: 11.8 ± 4.52°, P < 0.0001, ES 1.40). Knee flexion angle at contact decreased 33% from IS to SS (IS: 9.2 ± 4.88°, SS: 6.2 ± 5.03°, P < 0.0001, ES 1.30). Rate of oxygen consumption decreased by 10% from IS to SS (IS: 37.9 ± 5.68 ml·kg^?1·min^?1, SS: 34.1 ± 5.07 ml·kg^?1·min^?1, P < 0.0001, ES 3.05). PSD of leg accelerations decreased by 38% (IS: 0.17 ± 0.07 g²/Hz, SS: 0.106 ± 0.05 g²/Hz, P < 0.000, ES 1.69). Frontal plane foot angle decreased by 14% from SS to SSF (SS: 11.8 ± 4.52°, SSF: 10.1 ± 4.42°, P = 0.027. ES 0.62) but did not result in significant changes in any other variables. There were no significant differences in shock attenuation between any conditions (IS: ?9.8 ± 2.26 dB, SS: ?9.5 ± 3.12 dB, SSF: ?9.9 ± 2.62 dB, P = 0.671). Running with greater eversion on the irregular surface may be an attempt by runners to reduce the perceived potential of an inversion ankle sprain. As a partial compensation for the decreased foot angle, runners increased knee flexion. This maintained shock attenuation but increased the rate of oxygen consumption. Altering the foot angle at contact using feedback on the SS caused the knee angle at contact to increase, but did not change shock attenuation or metabolic cost.  相似文献   

Impacts of internal R&D on firms’ performance and energy consumption: Evidence from Ethiopian firms     

《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2023,7(1):47-67

In recent decades, with the rapid development of the knowledge economy and science, countries have embraced technical innovation and have gradually increased investment in research and development (R&D). A vast literature indicates that the relationship between R&D and firm performance is highly complex. The evidence suggests that R&D positively influences firm performance, yet findings on the process by which this happens are mixed. Rigorous analyses are required on how R&D investments affect energy consumption. This study explores the impact of R&D investment on the performance and energy consumption of 476 firms in Ethiopia by employing a combination of fixed-effect, propensity score matching, and endogenous treatment effect estimation methods. The empirical results reveal that investment in R&D positively influences both innovation and long-term financial performance but negatively impacts short-term financial performance and energy consumption. The results also show that the impacts of R&D activities vary significantly across different categories of firms, confirming that heterogeneity may be an issue among the firms considered. The results also indicate that the availability of credit is a more important moderating factor in the relationship between R&D investment and firm performance than the legal system is. These results have important implications for firms with growing R&D operations, especially those in developing countries such as Ethiopia. Ethiopian firms should invest more in R&D activities, such as in fundamental and applied research, to improve performance and enhance competitiveness.  相似文献   

A research synthesis of the impacts of successful educational actions on student outcomes     

《Educational Research Review》2022

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