The impact of standards-based assessment on knowledge for history education in New Zealand     

Barbara Mary Ormond 《Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice》2019,26(2):143-165

This paper examines how a standards-based form of assessment in operation in New Zealand has impacted upon the knowledge taught to secondary history students. The segmentation of history into assessable components along with assessment mechanisms which encourage the reduction in the number of standards being attempted has impacted upon both the breadth and range of historical content in history programmes. The reduction in knowledge is problematic as it diminishes learners’ opportunities to draw connections between inter-related historical concepts from a wider knowledge base. Social realists have raised concerns about the reduced focus on knowledge in education and its effects in restricting students’ development of conceptual knowledge which enables higher order, more abstract thinking. Experiences of standards-based assessment for history in New Zealand are indicative of this reductive phenomenon. In a culture of accountability, standards-based assessment, as enacted in New Zealand, may impede delivery of critical knowledge.  相似文献   

NCLB与布什政府的教育政策倾向   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6  

阎光才 《外国教育研究》2002,29(8):14-17

美国教育改革法案《不证一个孩子落伍法》的出台，标志着美国布什政府教育施政纲领的正式形成。文章大致地将这一教育改革法案出台的政策背景、法案的基本要旨作概括性地分析与评述，力图揭示美国现行教育政策所内含的价值与实践取向，以及它有可能给美国教育实践所带来的影响。  相似文献   

Consequences of school grading systems on adolescent health: evidence from a Swedish school reform     

Björn Högberg  Joakim Lindgren  Klara Johansson  Mattias Strandh  Solveig Petersen 《教育政策杂志》2021,36(1):84-106

ABSTRACT

Education reforms that entail increased emphasis on high-stakes testing, assessment and grading have spread across education systems in recent decades. Critics have argued that these policies could have consequences for stress, identity, self-esteem and the overall health of pupils. However, these potentially negative consequences have rarely been investigated in a systematic and rigorous way. In this study we use a major education reform in Sweden, which introduced grades and increased the use of testing for pupils in the 6^th and 7^th school year (aged 12 to 13 years), to study the consequences of grading and assessment for health outcomes. Using data from the Health Behaviours of School-Aged Children Survey, we find that the reform increased school-related stress and reduced the academic self-esteem of pupils in the 7^th school year. This, in turn, had an indirect effect on psychosomatic symptoms and life satisfaction for these pupils. Moreover, the negative effects of the reform were generally stronger for girls, thereby widening the already troubling gender differences in health. We conclude that accountability reforms aimed at increased use of testing, assessment and grading can potentially have negative side effects on pupils’ health.  相似文献   

Mechanisms of Change in Dutch Inspected Schools: Comparing Schools in Different Inspection Treatments     

Melanie C. M. Ehren  Nichola Shackleton 《British Journal of Educational Studies》2016,64(2):185-213

In many countries the need for education systems and schools to improve and innovate has become central to the education policy of governments. School inspections are expected to play an important role in promoting such continuous improvement and to help schools and education systems more generally to consider the need for change and improvement. This article aims to enhance our understanding of the connections between school inspections and their impact on school improvement, using a longitudinal survey of principals and teachers in primary and secondary education. Random effects models and a longitudinal path model suggest that school inspections in particular have an impact on principals, but less so on teachers. The results indicate that the actual impact on improved school and teaching conditions, and ultimately student achievement, is limited. Schools in different inspection categories report different mechanisms of potential impact; the lack of any correlation between accepting feedback, setting expectations and stakeholder sensitivity and improvement actions in schools suggests that the impact of school inspections is not a linear process, but operates through diffuse and cyclical processes of change.  相似文献   

Understanding the Impact of Accountability on Preservice Teachers’ Decisions About Where to Teach     

Jennifer C. Ng 《The Urban Review》2006,38(5):353-372

Research has shown that individuals who become teachers are uniquely oriented to the psychic rewards of teaching such as connecting with students and making a difference. Yet, in the era of “No Child Left Behind”, emphasis upon test scores as indicators of student learning, competition within and between school districts, and threats of external sanctions seem to promote a different orientation to teachers’ work. This is especially the case in schools with limited human, social, physical, and cultural capital serving disproportionate numbers of low-income, racial/ethnic and linguistic minority students typically located in urban areas. Given the existing problem of teacher shortages in urban schools and the current impact of accountability, this study seeks to explore two questions: How do preservice teachers believe their aspirations to teach will be affected by the accountability movement? And how do these views affect their considerations about where to teach?  相似文献   

From the bottom-up: New York City teacher evaluation and the narration of mediated institutional assault     

James Christopher Head 《Critical Studies in Education》2019,60(1):37-54

Following the trend of consequential accountability in US public education, New York City introduced a teacher evaluation program during the 2013–2014 school year that linked teachers’ individual performance ratings with their students’ exam scores. As this program systemically alters the nature of teacher–student relationships by transforming students into the means to an end (teachers’ professional viability), this study investigated the implementation of this accountability program from the point of view of the teachers – those who were the subject of this new policy. This study of 15 teachers’ narratives from 3 distinct schools illuminates a social-organizational process that I refer to as mediated institutional assault – a perceived attack on the teachers’ sense of personhood and moral agency perpetrated by mediating figures whose actions were facilitated by bureaucratic policies and institutionally coordinated tools of control. Thus, this study reveals that the consequence of this new mode of accountability is not merely the threat of losing one’s job, but also an insidious form of psychological assault, which in its masked delivery violates teachers’ sense of relational morality and challenges deeply engrained beliefs about their role as educators.  相似文献   

行政问责制执行中存在的问题与对策     

陈红艳 《柳州职业技术学院学报》2007,7(3):23-26

我国的行政问责制自2003年启动以来,通过各级政府的不断努力,已经取得了有目共睹的成效,起到一定的作用.但现实中在涉及问责执行人员意识、问责执行力、问责体系上都还有不足地方,尤其是对问责实施过程中执行力"时强时若"的问题上进行观点的阐发.  相似文献   

The unintended consequences of school inspection: the prevalence of inspection side-effects in Austria,the Czech Republic,England, Ireland,the Netherlands,Sweden, and Switzerland     

Karen L. Jones  Peter Tymms  David Kemethofer  Joe O’Hara  Gerry McNamara  Stephan Huber 《牛津教育评论》2017,43(6):805-822

It has been widely documented that accountability systems, including school inspections, bring with them unintended side effects. These unintended effects are often negative and have the potential to undo the intended positive effects. However the empirical evidence is limited. Through a European comparative study we have had the rare opportunity to collect empirical evidence and study the effects (both intended and unintended) of school inspections (a key system of accountability) in a systematic way, across seven countries. We present the findings of the unintended effects in this paper. Survey self-report responses from school principals in each country, with differing school inspection systems, are analysed to measure the prevalence of these unintended effects and to investigate the part played by pressure to do well in inspections. A key finding is that increasing pressure in school inspection systems is associated with the undesired effect of the narrowing and refocusing of the curriculum and instructional strategies. We also show that a proportion of school principals admit to misrepresenting the school in data sent to the inspectorate and show evidence for formalisation/proceduralisation (excessive focus on records) and ossification (fear of experimentation in teaching), although these factors are less related to changes in pressure.  相似文献   

高校问责制初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李海明 《成都教育学院学报》2008,22(2):23-24,34

问责制起源于公共行政领域。随着教育民主化浪潮的推进,问责制也被逐渐引入教育管理体制中,在英美等国的高校管理中受到广泛的应用。文章在对荚美等国问责制进行分析的同时,从制度建设的层面提出构建我国高校问责制的策略：明晰权责内容,规范问责程序,明确问责范围,健全问责机构。  相似文献   

选举观察制度在广东村民委员会选举中的实施——一项地方制度创新的背景、动力与实际绩效的初步考察     

王金红 《华南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2006,5(5):36-42

选举观察制度是当代国际社会在民主选举中普遍实行的一项制度  相似文献