Do public subsidies and facility coverage matter for voluntary sports clubs?     

《Sport Management Review》2020,23(2):315-329

In many countries, voluntary sports clubs are the main recipients of public subsidies regarding the provision of recreational sport, and the economically most important level of government is usually the local government (i.e. the municipalities). The purpose of this article is to examine whether and how municipal framework conditions matter for sports clubs. Inspired by previous studies, we examine the role of direct and indirect public subsidies as well as facility coverage. The authors conduct analyses on a general level (for all sports) and specifically for five sports (badminton, football, gymnastics, handball and swimming). The differentiation between sports allows us to examine how municipal framework conditions might be associated differently with density and participation across sports. In the statistical analyses, the authors apply data collected among all 98 Danish municipalities. The results show that the municipal levels of direct and indirect subsidies are weakly correlated with both the density of and participation in sports clubs, while stronger correlations can be identified with regard to facility coverage. The analyses for the five sports reveal that the supply of relevant facility types is – with few exceptions – positively correlated with sports club density and participation levels within each sport. Thus, facility coverage seems to play a more important role for sports clubs than the levels of indirect and particularly direct subsidies.  相似文献   

北京冬奥会背景下黑龙江省高校冰雪运动发展路径     

刘义峰  李冰  穆亮  关富余  何志海  贺鹤  康建鑫  赵赟昀 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2020,(2):38-43

2022年冬奥会已进入北京时间。黑龙江省各高校应在习主席新时代中国特色社会主义思想引领下,深入贯彻党的教育方针,将立德树人根本任务深切落到实处,积极响应"带动3亿人参与冰雪运动"的伟大号召,加速发展高校冰雪运动。本文采用文献资料、逻辑分析、归纳等研究方法,对北京冬奥会背景下黑龙江省高校冰雪运动发展的现状及存在问题进行分析,并探寻一条符合新时代发展需要的黑龙江省高校冰雪运动发展路径,旨在全面振兴黑龙江省高校冰雪运动,为2022年北京冬奥会保驾护航。  相似文献   

Intermediation in public procurement of innovation: How Amsterdam’s startup-in-residence programme connects startups to urban challenges     

《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103789

This paper analyses Amsterdam’s Startup-in-Residence (SiR) programme as new type of policy to engage startups in the development of urban innovation through a challenge-based public procurement of innovation (PPI) process. The programme is being mimicked by other cities and government agencies, but so far there has not been a rigorous, theoretically-informed analysis of the approach. In this paper, we specify and focus on the role of city-based, public-affiliated intermediaries as initiators, moderators and influencers of conversations between startups and the local government. The main contribution of SiR as a PPI intermediation programme has been to launch new types of fruitful conversations on several levels, that lead to institutional innovations rather than direct solutions for urban problems or startup development. In this sense, SiR fulfils a role inquiring and ascribing urban challenges with values and notions of “worth” that preceded and shaped innovation directions. We also suggest that engaging startups is effective for only a limited bandwidth urban challenges; different types of intermediation are required to foster collaborative innovation in more complex settings.  相似文献   

Institutional shaping of research priorities: A case study on avian influenza     

Matthew L. Wallace  Ismael Ràfols 《Research Policy》2018,47(10):1975-1989

Since outbreaks in 2003, avian influenza has received a considerable amount of funding and become a controversial science policy issue in various respects. Like in many other global and multidisciplinary societal problems fraught with high levels of uncertainty, a variety of perspectives have emerged over how to “tackle” avian influenza and public voices have expressed concern over how research funds are being allocated. In this article, we document if and how research agendas are being informed by public policy debates. We use qualitative and quantitative approaches to examine the relations between expectations of outcomes of public science and the existing research landscape. Interviews with a cross-section of stakeholders reveal a wide range of perspectives and values associated with the nature and objectives of existing research avenues. We find that the landscape of public avian influenza research is not directly driven by expectations of societal outcomes. Instead, it is shaped by three institutional drivers: pharmaceutical industry priorities, publishing and public research funding pressures, and the mandates of science-based policy or public health organizations. These insights suggest that, in research prioritization, funding agencies should embrace a broad perspective of research governance that explicitly considers underlying institutional drivers. Deliberative approaches in public priority setting might help to make agendas more plural and diverse and thus more responsive to the contested and uncertain nature of avian influenza research.  相似文献   

The climate for entrepreneurship at higher education institutions     

Heiko Bergmann  Mario Geissler  Christian Hundt  Barbara Grave 《Research Policy》2018,47(4):700-716

While the importance of a supportive context for entrepreneurship is widely acknowledged, its antecedents are rarely investigated. We apply the concept of organizational climate to higher education institutions and examine the drivers of students’ perceptions of the entrepreneurial climate in their university. Combining data from two unique datasets and using multilevel techniques, we analyze the relationship between university characteristics and such climate perceptions of 8009 students at public universities in Germany. We find university entrepreneurship measures to have a positive effect on students’ climate perceptions, which also depend on students’ background and gender. In addition, we find evidence for different peer effects, depending on students’ affinity for entrepreneurship. For the general student population, including entrepreneurship content in their normal studies seems to be required to initiate a social process of sensemaking. However, students’ perception of the entrepreneurial climate only depend to a certain degree on intentional entrepreneurship measures. In our study, general university characteristics have the strongest influence on climate perceptions. Overall, our study adds to our understanding of which parameters are important for establishing a more favorable and inspiring climate for becoming an entrepreneur at higher education institutions.  相似文献   

上海高校科研创新效率与影响因素的实证研究——基于DEA-Tobit模型     

汪彦  陈悦  曹贤忠  付全胜 《科技管理研究》2018,(8)

本文基于知识生产理论，采用DEA-Tobit两步法对2012-2016年上海17家高校的科研创新效率进行了比较，发现尽管上海市高校科研创新效率总体稳中有升，但处于效率最优状态的高校数量仍较少；其中，上海市属高校与教育部直属高校的技术效率存在显著差距，绝大多数上海高校长期处于规模报酬递增阶段，未来可以通过加大要素的投入来扩大产出。进一步分析发现，近年来上海市高校科研资源配置“抓大放小、重点倾斜”的政策导致了除上海大学外，上海市属高校科研要素投入的整体不足限制了其科研创新产出及效率提升的问题。其次，根据DEA效率评价结果构建多元线性Tobit回归模型，分析上海高校科研创新效率的影响因素。计量分析结果表明，无论是总体还是分类而言，现阶段上海高校科研创新的特点是人力资本的投入能显著的推动高校科研创新效率提升，而物质资本的继续投入却对高校科研创新效率产生了显著的抑制效应，亦表明物质资本对科研创新效率的倒“U”型影响已经显现，资本拥挤问题亟待引起重视。通过比较研究发现，上海市属高校进一步提升技术效率的“短板”主要在于其人力资本积累水平的不足，这一点上与教育部直属高校具有显著的差距。  相似文献   

A comparative evaluation of regional subsidies for collaborative and individual R&D in small and medium-sized enterprises     

Annalisa Caloffi  Marco Mariani  Federica Rossi  Margherita Russo 《Research Policy》2018,47(8):1437-1447

We analyse whether public subsidies supporting collaborative research and development (R&D) projects in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are able to encourage persistent R&D investment and interorganisational networking more than subsidies supporting individual R&D projects. Adopting a counterfactual approach to policy evaluation, we compare subsidies for collaborative R&D and for individual R&D implemented in the same Italian region in the same period. Our findings suggest that, once public support is no longer available, the two subsidies have different effects on different types of SMEs. If the policymakers’ objective is to increase the number of R&D-performing SMEs over time, they should provide subsidies for collaborative R&D to firms with modest R&D experience. If their objective is to increase the amount of spontaneous R&D investment over time, they should target SMEs with some prior R&D experience, using either subsidy. Finally, if their objective is to induce SMEs to network with external organisations, subsidies for collaborative R&D projects should be preferred to subsidies for individual R&D projects.  相似文献   

Higher education for public value: taking the debate beyond New Public Management     

Bruno Broucker  Kurt De Wit  Jef C. Verhoeven 《高等教育研究与发展》2018,37(2):227-240

Many higher education (HE) system reforms in the past decades have been built on the paradigm of New Public Management (NPM). However, these reforms have not allowed HE to fully take its value for society into account. In recent years a growing call can be heard to orient the HE sector towards more collaboration, a focus on a larger set of socio-economic objectives instead of on performance alone, less pressure, more trust and legitimacy. In this article, it is stated that NPM has not sufficiently enabled the creation of public value (PV) by the HE sector. This article provides (1) insight into the flaws of NPM, (2) an understanding of PV for HE and (3) a new model to study HE reforms built on the concept of PV.  相似文献   

多元自主模块教学模式在高校公共体育课堂的应用研究     

谭佳智  张春志 《当代体育科技》2020,(12):196-197

以体育课堂作为德、智、体、美、劳人才的全面培养的核心因素为点,从高校公共体育课堂出发,运用文献资料研究法、专家访谈法及实地考察法等研究方法,从多元化的教学角度、模块化的教学构成为研究主体,探寻多元化自主模块教学模式在高校公共体育课堂的可行性及可持续性,为新时代下高效的课堂教学模式及教学理念发展提供助力。  相似文献   

试析农村公共体育服务供给侧结构性改革路径     

孙慧霞 《当代体育科技》2020,(11):16-17

农村公共体育服务供给侧改革有利于缓解公共体育服务供给和需求之间的矛盾,推进农村体育事业的繁荣发展。本文以供给侧结构性改革为视角,概述了当前农村公共体育服务现状,分析了农村公共体育服务供需矛盾的主要表现,提出了农村公共体育服务供给侧结构性改革实践路径。  相似文献