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1.
Previous research has highlighted the positive effect that different warm-up protocols have on golf performance (e.g. Sorbie et al., 2016; Tilley & Macfarlane, 2012) with the design of warm-ups and programmes targeting and improving golf performance through the activation and development of specific muscle groups. This study aimed to examine the acute effects of two warm-up protocols on golf drive performance in comparison to a control condition. Using a randomised counterbalanced design over three testing sessions, twenty-three highly skilled golfers completed the control, dynamic and resistance-band warm-up conditions. Following each condition, a GC2 launch monitor was used to record ball velocity and other launch parameters of ten shots hit with the participants’ own driver. A repeated-measures ANOVA found significant increases in ball velocity (ηp2 = .217) between the control and both the dynamic and resistance-band warm-up conditions but no difference between these latter two, and a reduction in launch angle between control and dynamic conditions. The use of either a dynamic stretching or resistance-band warm-up can have acute benefits on ball velocity but golfers should liaise with a PGA Professional golf coach to effectively integrate this into their golf driving performance.  相似文献   
2.
ABSTRACT

By manipulating the congruency between body kinematics and subsequent ball trajectory, this study investigated the anticipation capabilities of regional-level, college-level, and novice table tennis players using a full video simulation occluder paradigm. Participants watched footage containing congruent, incongruent, or no ball trajectory information, to predict the landing point of the ball. They were required to choose between two potential locations to make their prediction. Percent accuracy and relevant indexes (d-prime, criterion, effect size) were calculated for each condition. Results indicated that experienced table tennis players (both regional and college players) were superior to novices in the ability to anticipate ball trajectory using kinematic information, but no difference was found between regional-level and college-level players. The findings of this study further demonstrate the superior anticipation ability of experienced table tennis players. Furthermore, the present result suggests that there may be a certain “baseline” level of motor experience in racquet sports for effective action anticipation, while the addition of further motor experience does not appear to assist direction anticipation.  相似文献   
3.
To assess ball impact force during soccer kicking is important to quantify from both performance and chronic injury prevention perspectives. We aimed to verify the appropriateness of previous models used to estimate ball impact force and to propose an improved model to better capture the time history of ball impact force. A soccer ball was fired directly onto a force platform (10 kHz) at five realistic kicking ball velocities and ball behaviour was captured by a high-speed camera (5,000 Hz). The time history of ball impact force was estimated using three existing models and two new models. A new mathematical model that took into account a rapid change in ball surface area and heterogeneous ball deformation showed a distinctive advantage to estimate the peak forces and its occurrence times and to reproduce time history of ball impact forces more precisely, thereby reinforcing the possible mechanics of ‘footballer’s ankle’. Ball impact time was also systematically shortened when ball velocity increases in contrast to practical understanding for producing faster ball velocity, however, the aspect of ball contact time must be considered carefully from practical point of view.  相似文献   
4.
传统机器学习均假定测试域和训练域处于同一概率分布,但现实中往往因各种原因引起所采集到的样本数据可能存在扰动或噪音情况,导致概率密度估计不一定准确。为有效解决这一问题,提出一种新的领域自适应数据集概率密度估计(A-RSDE)算法。该算法可充分学习源域(训练域)概率密度分布知识,使目标域(测试域)概率密度估计更接近真实概率密度分布。实验证明,该算法具有有效性,且实现了数据浓缩的目的。  相似文献   
5.
Small-sided games (SSGs) are used in training sessions to prepare for full-sized matches. For the same number of players, smaller pitch sizes result in decreased physical performance and shorter interpersonal distances. A relative pitch area derived from the full-sized match results in larger pitch sizes and this may increase the fit between SSGs and full-sized matches. This study aimed to investigate SSGs with a traditional small pitch and a match-derived relative pitch area in youth elite soccer players. Four age categories (under-13, under-15, under-17 and under-19) played 4 vs. 4 plus goalkeepers on a small (40x30m, 120m2 relative pitch area) and large pitch (68x47m, 320m2 relative pitch area). The number of games per age category ranged 15–30. Positional data (LPM-system) were collected to determine physical (total distance covered, high intensity distance and number of sprints) and team tactical (inter-team distance, LPW-ratio, surface area, stretch indices, goalkeeper-defender distance) performance measures and tactical variability. On a large pitch, physical performance significantly increased, inter-team and intra-team distances were significantly larger and tactical variability of intra-team distance measures significantly increased. The match-derived relative pitch area is an important training manipulation and leads to changes in physical and tactical performance 4 vs. 4 plus goalkeepers.  相似文献   
6.
足球被誉为世界第一运动,是因为它具有参加的人数多、分布广、易展开等特点,深受广大人群的喜爱。足球在高校中已经成为大学生选修课和普修课以及课余锻炼的主要内容,踢球是指运动员有目的地用脚将球击向预定目标的动作方法。踢球是运动员进行比赛活动的主要技术手段,它在比赛中的主要用途是射门和传球。文章运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等方法,针对足球运动员在踢定位球教学与训练中存在的问题以及结合踢球技术的特点进行分析与探讨,进而综合不同踢球技术踢定位球的技术特点,目的在于通过理论指导实践,使足球技术教学及训练更加科学、系统。  相似文献   
7.
在文化视角下对我国三大球的发展困境及其出路进行了回眸与反思。提出文化视野下我国三大球的发展困境主要体现在,精神文化层面:“金牌战略”的核心价值理念错误引导、我国传统文化思想的束缚、三大球文化创新意识和能力缺乏;制度文化层面:举国体制的时效性下降、人才培养模式单一、行政管理体制存在弊端;物质文化层面:三大球联赛职业化水平低、专业队伍建设及后备人才匮乏、教练员数量和质量限制。三大球的发展出路体现在精神文化层面培养政府和民众的三大球精神文化自觉意识;制度文化层面通过制度创新激活三大球自主创新的活力;物质文化层面推进三大球的市场化、职业化与产业化进程,凝聚复兴的物质力量。  相似文献   
8.
Background: Within a socio-constructivist perspective, this study is situated at the crossroads of three theoretical approaches. First, it is based upon team sport and the tactical act model in games teaching. Second, it took place in dyadic or small group learning conditions with verbal interaction. Furthermore, these interventions were based on cooperative learning (CL) models. The cultural context is the French school curriculum, so it emphasizes the role of sports as social practice and uses the applied concept of French didactic transposition. It took place in a socio-constructivist perspective of the teaching-learning process and extends the notion of debate-of-idea.

Purpose: This article explores the role of CL in a Physical Education (PE) classroom setting and particularly the role of verbal exchanges among peers in team-sport teaching.

Research design: This article reports two interventions. The first study showed the positive effects of discussions within a team in an adapted basketball game. Seventeen boys and 13 girls from a French school (third and fourth grades), all novices in basketball, were assigned to two independent groups of a two (Learning condition) design. Dependent measures included collective game efficacy and individual skill levels. A second study concerned an instructional setting of a handball team game (two attackers against a defender in each half of the ground) with 11–12-year-old girls. Two groups were constituted by learning condition: symmetrical versus dissymmetrical dyads.

Data collection and analysis: During PE lessons, verbal interactions were filmed and recorded for the two studies. Matches were filmed in study 1, while data in study 2 were collected by an expert on an observation worksheet. ANOVA were conducted in both studies.

Results: The two studies showed that oral discussions between peers about the goal and the strategies of the game facilitated the development of motor and tactical skills. The second study showed the superiority of a slightly dissymmetric dyadic condition. The low-skilled pupils in dissymmetrical dyads obtained more benefit from the verbal interactions than those in a symmetrical setting. In the dissymmetrical condition, while the initially low-skilled participants had the highest rate of progression, the initially high-skilled players had to explain their solution and could also benefit from the dyadic interaction.

Conclusion: In both studies, action rules were constructed by peers' verbal exchanges in a reflective way. In a PE socio-constructivist setting, the teaching of games facilitates mutual aid, social relationships, and participation in community activities.  相似文献   
9.
通过珍珠球的教学实验,指出珍珠球作为我国民族传统体育项目在高校公体课教学中开展是可行的。珍珠球教学不仅顺应了高校体育教学改革发展的需要,为促进我国珍珠球运动的普及与传承培养人才具有重要的意义,深受学生的欢迎;实验结果表明,珍珠球运动在高校的推广与开展对激发学生的学习兴趣,发展学生的身体素质,培养学生参与体育锻炼的良好习惯都有积极的作用。  相似文献   
10.
对普通高校乒乓球课影响学生击球稳定性的众多因素进行多维分析,结果表明:影响学生击球稳定性的主要因子是:动作结构因子、旋转理解因子、发力方式因子、外在客观因子,并据此提出了提高学生击球的稳定性,有利于激发学生学习的积极性,从而提高教学效率。  相似文献   
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