No harmless child labor: The effect of child labor on academic achievement in francophone Western and Central Africa     

《International Journal of Educational Development》2021

This study empirically examines the effect of child labor on academic achievement in 10 francophone Western and Central African countries. The data were taken from the Programme d’Analyse des Systèmes Educatifs de la CONFEMEN and comprised characteristics of 25,288 grade six students across 1803 schools. Two-stage least squares analysis highlights that child labor undermines academic achievement regardless of subject, gender, and age. It lowers reading and mathematics scores for both genders and for children under 12 and over 13 years. Child labor therefore hinders human capital accumulation in African countries, and it takes place at the cost of future prosperity.  相似文献   

Diversity Literary Awards: A Tool for Assessing an Academic Library’s Collection     

Laurel Kristick 《资料收集管理》2020,45(2):151-161

Abstract

Diversity literary awards and other sources were used to create a list of high-quality titles written by and about underrepresented groups. This list was used to assess the diversity and inclusiveness of the library collections of a land-grant university in the Pacific Northwest and compare it to peer institutions. Gaps in the collection and acquisition processes were identified and will be used to improve the processes to increase the number of diverse titles added to the library’s collections.  相似文献   

Health-related fitness knowledge growth in middle school years: Individual- and school-level correlates     

Xihe Zhu  Justin A. Haegele  Haichun Sun 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(6):664-669

BackgroundHealth-related fitness knowledge (HRFK) has been an essential concept for many health and physical education programs. There has been limited understanding and longitudinal investigation on HRFK growth. This longitudinal study examined HRFK growth and its individual- and school-level correlates in middle school years under 1 curriculum condition: Five for Life.MethodsParticipants were 12,044 students from 47 middle schools. Data were collected at both individual/participant and school/institution levels. Individual-level variables included gender, grade, and HRFK test scores. School-level variables included percentage of students receiving free and reduced meals (FARM), student-to-faculty ratio for physical education, and school academic performance (SAP). We used hierarchical linear modeling to examine HRFK 3-year growth in relation to individual- and school-level correlates.ResultsThe average HRFK score at 6th grade for females was 42.81% ± 1.32%. The predicted HRFK growth was 17.06% ± 1.02% per year, holding other factors constant. A 1-standard deviation increase in FARM correlated with a 14.68%-point decrease in predicted test score (p = 0.02). A 1-standard deviation increase in SAP was associated with an 11.90%-point increase in HRFK score. Males had a significantly lower growth rate than females during the middle school years (0.78%/year, p = 0.02).ConclusionThe result showed that both individual- and school-level variables such as gender, FARM, and SAP influenced HRFK growth. Educators should heed gender differences in growth curves and recognize the correlates of school-level variables.  相似文献   

数字图书馆信息服务的融合与创新——基于2019年JCDL年会论文的综述     

梁少博  吴丹 《图书情报知识》2020,(3):97-108

[目的/意义]本文通过对2019年国际数字图书馆联合会议(Joint Conference on Digital Library,JCDL)的录用论文进行整体回顾,梳理了本届年会的最新研究成果与学科发展动态,以助国内图情领域学者更好地了解本届年会成果,把握国际数字图书馆领域研究的前沿热点问题。[研究设计/方法]采用文献综述的方法进行研究。[结论/发现]本届年会更加关注数字图书馆如何通过多源数据的融合、数字人文馆藏资源的利用等实现信息服务深度融合;数字图书馆如何通过海量大数据挖掘与利用、用户行为分析提升其服务水平;如何通过对学术文本资源深入挖掘,实现信息计量学在学术评审、学术评价等方面的创新应用。[创新/价值]本文揭示了国际数字图书馆领域的最新发展态势,展望了未来数字图书馆领域的学术前沿方向。  相似文献   

一类具有强奇性的矩阵型偏微分方程的正解的存在性     

双震  孙义静 《中国科学院大学学报》2019,36(3):311-319

研究矩阵型强奇异偏微分方程 其中，Ω⊂Rⁿ是有界开集，M（x）是定义在Ω上的实对称矩阵，-p<-1，0 < q < 1，λ>0是参数，f（x）∈L¹（Ω），f（x）>0 a.e.in Ω。证明，如果存在u₀ ∈H₀¹（Ω）满足∫_Ωf（x）|u₀|^1-pdx <+∞，则对任意的λ>0上述方程都有正H₀¹-解，即慢速解。我们注意到，对于奇异方程，古典解即C²（Ω）∩C（Ω）解不一定是H₀¹（Ω）解。  相似文献   

The work of the audience: visual matrix methodology in museums     

Lynn Froggett  Lizzie Muller  Jill Bennett 《Cultural Trends》2019,28(2-3):162-176

ABSTRACT

Visual matrix methodology has been designed for researching cultural imaginaries. It is an image-led, group-based method that creates a “third space” research setting to observe audience groups re-enacting lived experience of an event or process that takes place in the third space of a cultural setting. In this article, the method is described through its use in relation to an art-science exhibition, Human+ Future of the species, where three audience groups with investments in technology worked with exhibition material to achieve a complex ambivalent state of mind regarding technological futures. The visual matrix has been designed to capture the affective and aesthetic quality of audience engagement in third space by showing what audiences do with what is presented to them. We argue that such methodologies are useful for museums as they grapple with their role as sites where citizens not only engage in dialogue with one another but actively re-work their imaginaries of the future.  相似文献   

The impact of socioeconomic status on parental factors in promoting academic achievement in Chinese children     

《International Journal of Educational Development》2020

Children from families of low socioeconomic status (SES) tend to experience lower academic achievement than children from middle-SES families. This discrepancy can be attributed to a range of parental factors. The present study tested: (1) the extent to which academic achievement in three core subjects differs between children from low- and middle-SES backgrounds; (2) the differences in parental expectation, parental involvement, and child engagement across the two groups; and (3) the mediating role of parental expectation, parental involvement, and child engagement in explaining how SES influences children’s academic achievement. The sample consisted of 184 primary students with low SES and 165 primary students with middle SES from mainstream primary schools in Hong Kong. Results revealed significant differences in parental expectation, parental involvement, child engagement, as well as academic achievement in Chinese and English subjects between the low-SES and middle-SES groups. Our findings also suggest that parental expectation, parental involvement, and child engagement may be important mediators in the relationship between SES and academic achievement.  相似文献   

People who cheat on tests accurately predict their performance on future tests     

《Learning and Instruction》2020

Studies suggest that people who cheat on a test overestimate their performance on future tests. Given that erroneous monitoring of one's own cognitive processes impairs learning and memory, this study investigated whether cheating on a test would harm monitoring accuracy on future tests. Participants had the incentive and opportunity to cheat on one (Experiments 1, 2, and 3, with N = 90, 88, and 102, respectively) or two (Experiment 4, N = 214) of four general-knowledge tests. Cheating produced overconfidence in global-level performance predictions in Experiment 2 (Cohen's d ≥ 0.35) but not in Experiments 1 or 4. Also, cheating did not affect the absolute or relative accuracy of item-level performance predictions in Experiments 3 or 4. A Bayesian meta-analysis of all experiments provided evidence against cheating-induced overconfidence in global- and item-level predictions. Overall, our results demonstrate that people who cheat on tests accurately predict their performance on future tests.  相似文献   

Finding the missing Einsteins: Expanding the breadth of cognitive and noncognitive measures used in academic services     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2020

Education researchers, policymakers, and practitioners are concerned with identifying and developing talent for students with fewer opportunities, especially students from historically marginalized groups. An emerging body of research suggests “universally screening” or testing all students, then matching those students with appropriate educational challenges, is effective in helping marginalized students. However, most tests have focused on two areas: math and verbal reasoning. We leverage three nationally representative samples of the U.S. population at different time points that include both novel cognitive measures (e.g., spatial, mechanical, and abstract reasoning) and non-cognitive measures (e.g., conscientiousness, creativity or word fluency, leadership skill, and artistic skill) to uncover which measures would improve proportional representation of marginalized groups in talent identification procedures. We find that adding spatial reasoning measures in particular—as well as other non-cognitive measures such as conscientiousness, leadership, and creativity—are worthwhile to consider for universal screening procedures for students to narrow achievement gaps at every level of education, including for gifted students. By showing that these nontraditional measures both improve proportional representation of underrepresented groups and have reasonable predictive validity, we also broaden the definition of what it means to be “gifted” and expand opportunities for students from historically marginalized groups.  相似文献   

Digital Module 05: Diagnostic Measurement—The G‐DINA Framework https://ncme.elevate.commpartners.com     

Wenchao Ma  Jimmy de la Torre 《Educational Measurement》2019,38(2):114-115

In this ITEMS module, we introduce the generalized deterministic inputs, noisy “and” gate (G‐DINA) model, which is a general framework for specifying, estimating, and evaluating a wide variety of cognitive diagnosis models. The module contains a nontechnical introduction to diagnostic measurement, an introductory overview of the G‐DINA model, as well as common special cases, and a review of model‐data fit evaluation practices within this framework. We use the flexible GDINA R package, which is available for free within the R environment and provides a user‐friendly graphical interface in addition to the code‐driven layer. The digital module also contains videos of worked examples, solutions to data activity questions, curated resources, a glossary, and quizzes with diagnostic feedback.  相似文献