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Environment and Policy Factors Shaping Global E-Commerce Diffusion: A Cross-Country Comparison 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This article examines the key global, environmental and policy factors that act as determinants of e-commerce diffusion. It is based on systematic comparison of case studies from 10 countries--Brazil, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Mexico, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States. It finds that B2B e-commerce seems to be driven by global forces, whereas B2C seems to be more of a local phenomenon. A preliminary explanation for this difference is that B2B is driven by global competition and MNCs that "push" e-commerce to their global suppliers, customers, and subsidiaries. This in turn creates pressures on local companies to adopt e-commerce to stay competitive. In contrast, B2C is "pulled" by consumer markets, which are mainly local and therefore divergent. While all consumers desire convenience and low prices, consumer preferences and values, national culture, and distribution systems differ markedly across countries and define differences in local consumer markets. These findings support the transformation perspective about globalization and its impacts. In terms of policy, the case studies suggest that enabling policies such as trade and telecommunications liberalization are likely to have the biggest impact on e-commerce, by making ICT and Internet access more affordable to firms and consumers, and increasing pressure on firms to adopt e-commerce to compete. Specific e-commerce legislation appears not to have as big an impact, although inadequate protection for both buyers and sellers in some countries suggests that mechanisms need to be developed to ensure greater confidence in doing business online. 相似文献
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Paulo Bastos Tigre 《The Information Society》2003,19(1):33-43
E-commerce is growing rapidly in Brazil, led by information-intensive and transaction-intensive sectors such as finance, manufacturing, and retail/wholesale. However, Brazil's highly uneven income distribution is a major barrier for B2C diffusion. Government policies have emphasized promotional or enabling initiatives such as e-procurement, tax filings, and providing Internet access to social institutions. E-commerce legislation is just now being developed, and decisions on taxation are being negotiated in the context of international agreements. E-commerce raises issues for Brazil in terms of its relationship to the global economy. Although most online purchases involve imported goods, e-commerce also offers opportunities to participate in international value chains. 相似文献
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在全球化浪潮下,我国著作权保护开始出现与世界融合的趋势.本文分析了我国著作权保护的现状,指出全球化这把双刃剑给中国著作权保护带来的机遇与冲击. 相似文献
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企业收缩性资本运营除了一般的动因以外，还有深刻的理论基础。交易费用理论认为，一个企业的资产特定性越低，该企业就应进行适当的分立；新产权理论认为，企业资产互为独立时，分立是最优行为；信息技术影响论认为，当信息技术使得一些资产更具“柔性”而很少被有形资产“套牢”时，它将有助于资产所有权的分散；公司规模不相关理论认为。若中间品的交易效率超过劳动力的交易效率，公司规模和经营范围就会随个人专业化水平的提高和生产活动范围的减小而缩小；企业寿命周期理论认为，若一家公司超过了最优规模，可通过剥离来进行回归，若不进行更新，公司最终就会衰退以至消亡． 相似文献
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城市土地储备对我国城市土地供求与地价的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
本文通过土地的供求原理,探讨了土地储备对我国城市土地供求与地价的影响.指出城市土地储备使土地供给失控现象得到抑制,土地储备初期土地市场供给量减少,市场需求将呈上升趋势,土地储备将在一定程度上推动我国地价上涨.从长期来看,土地储备垄断土地供应对地价稳定具有积极作用.为缓解土地储备初期地价上升对房地产开发与城市发展带来的不利影响,土地储备机构应适当增加储备土地的供给量,以降低地价上涨的幅度. 相似文献
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气候变化与波动对龙羊峡流量的影响及未来趋势的预估 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文从气候变化与波动的角度出发,分析了位于黄河上游的龙羊峡水库流量变化与气候条件的响应关系,发现气温、降水及蒸发的波动变化对水库流量有很大影响,依此关系建立了流量预估模型;并根据气候模式输出数据经降尺度处理生成的未来气候情景,对未来不同排放情景下龙羊峡水库流量进行了预估。结果表明:未来两个时期(2010s、2020s)龙羊峡平均流量均较基准期(1988年-2008年)增加,但在不同气候变化情景下,流量变化有明显的差异,其中A2情景下平均流量分别增加6.3%(2010s)和6.1%(2020s),B2情景下增加20.0%(2010s)和10.7%(2020s),据此,未来气候变化对龙羊峡灌区的可能影响将利大于弊,但仍具有较大不确定性。 相似文献
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吉林省西部湿地动态过程及生态环境效应分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
湿地不仅是一种重要的资源，还具有巨大的环境功能和生态效益。湿地面积减少、功能退化引起了严重的区域生态环境问题。为定量分析湿地退化过程以及由此带来的生态环境效应，本文选择吉林省西部地区为研究区，基于1930年、1954年的土地利用数据，以及1986年、1996年、2000年的遥感影像数据，利用ARCGIS数据集成分析平台，研究了该区湿地从1930年～2000年的时空变化规律，计算了湿地在各个阶段的动态度和湿地的转出贡献率。结果表
明，从1930年到2000年的70年间，本区湿地面积大幅度减少，沼泽湿地面积从1930年的123.7×104hm2,2000年仅为22.8×104hm2，湿地从一种主要的土地利用类型(占总面积27%)下降为微量类型(5%)；从湿地的空间变化来看，各阶段的湿地都在减少，但各阶段的湿地减少程度和方式差别较大；从湿地转出贡献率看，湿地不仅被大规模开垦，而且也在迅速退化，以及大量转化为盐碱地。随着湿地的大量丧失，湿地的调节气候、调节河川径流、降解污染物、防止侵蚀、抗洪减灾和维护区域生态平衡等多种环境功能大幅度减弱甚至丧失，加速恶化了研究区脆弱的生态环境。 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(3):253-260
This is an advance notice of a new research programme, supported by Britain's Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), investigating the restructuring of practices and institutions in the digital age. The call for applications is planned for November 2001; first projects are expected to commence in October 2002. The ESRC is currently preparing the recruitment of a Programme Director.Further information on the process will be published in due course and will be available on the ESRC's website at: http:/ /www.esrc.ac.uk/E-Society.htm. Below is the text of the proposal on the basis of which the ESRC decided to fund a research programme in this area. This proposal was developed through a consultancy led by Professor William H. Dutton. Please note that there might be changes to the programme outline once the Programme Director is appointed. Contact: Angelika Hamilton, angelika.hamilton@esrc.ac.uk, with any comments or recommendations. 相似文献