Search tactics used in solving everyday how-to technical tasks: Repertoire,selection and tenacity     

Sophie Rutter  Verena Blinzler  Chaoyu Ye  Max L. Wilson  Michael D. Twidale 《Information processing & management》2019,56(3):919-938

With greater access to computational resources, people use search to address many everyday challenges in their lives, including solving technology problems. Although there are now many useful ‘how-to’ resources online (especially videos on YouTube), it can still be difficult to identify, understand, and resolve certain kinds of technical problem. While research tasks have been studied for many years and we know the tactics people use, we know far less about searchers’ tactics for how-to technical tasks that involve actually being able to apply found information to resolve a problem. Crucial to our study was developing and studying a highly realistic, how-to technical task, for which there was no single guidance resource: making a phone safe for a child. After providing 39 participants with an actual phone to fix, and a search engine to perform the task, we analysed their search tactics using retrospective cued think aloud interviews. Our primary contribution is a set of 77 tactics used, in three categories, along with detail of how common they were. We conclude that people had a lot of tactics in their repertoire. Although it was not hard for participants to find relevant information, what was hard was for participants to find information they could use; indeed only 23% of participants successfully completed the entire task. Domain knowledge affected the choice of tactics used (although not necessarily towards better task success). We discuss these influences and make design recommendations for how future search systems can support those in resolving how-to technical tasks.  相似文献   

王蔷发球技术运用分析--以2018珠海WTA超级精英赛为例     

吴国宁  黄剑 《当代体育科技》2020,(11):220-223

网球比赛均是从发球开始,速度快、力量大、旋转强大发球势必会影响对手的接发球,为自己第三拍进攻奠定基础。因此对网球选手发球技术运用的分析显得尤为重要。本文运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、录像观察统计法、数理统计法等体育科学研究方法对王蔷在2018珠海WTA超级精英赛发球技术进行细致分析,旨在总结王蔷在比赛中发球局阶段存在的优势和不足,为王蔷在训练、比赛中提供针对性的理论参考,以期为中国女子网球的发展做出贡献。  相似文献   

School readiness of maltreated children: Associations of timing,type, and chronicity of maltreatment     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

Children who have been maltreated during early childhood may experience a difficult transition into fulltime schooling, due to maladaptive development of the skills and abilities that are important for positive school adaptation. An understanding of how different dimensions of maltreatment relate to children’s school readiness is important for informing appropriate supports for maltreated children. In this study, the Australian Early Development Census scores of 19,203 children were linked to information on child maltreatment allegations (substantiated and unsubstantiated), including the type of alleged maltreatment, the timing of the allegation (infancy-toddlerhood or preschool), and the total number of allegations (chronicity). Children with a maltreatment allegation had increased odds of poor school readiness in cognitive and non-cognitive domains. Substantiated maltreatment was associated with poor social and emotional development in children, regardless of maltreatment type, timing, or chronicity. For children with unsubstantiated maltreatment allegations, developmental outcomes according to the type of alleged maltreatment were more heterogeneous; however, these children were also at risk of poor school readiness irrespective of the timing and/or chronicity of the alleged maltreatment. The findings suggest that all children with maltreatment allegations are at risk for poor school readiness; hence, these children may need additional support to increase the chance of a successful school transition. Interventions should commence prior to the start of school to mitigate early developmental difficulties that children with a history of maltreatment allegations may be experiencing, with the aim of reducing the incidence of continuing difficulties in the first year of school and beyond.  相似文献   

大科学工程高精密光学元器件研制的技术成熟度评价实证研究     

淡晶晶  莫磊  徐隆波  贺少勃  王传珂  张光军  刘人境 《科技管理研究》2018,(24)

研究大科学工程巨型激光装置建设所需的高精密光学元器件研制技术成熟度评价体系,提出光学元件研制的技术成熟度评价方法、评价等级、评价要素和评价流程。基于该体系对关键元件研制技术成熟度评价进行实证应用,评价结果对巨型激光装置的工程设计提供重要参考,降低巨型激光装置研制风险及光学元件供货对巨型激光装置研制进度的影响。  相似文献   

区域间专利引证关系特征及影响因素研究——以纳米领域为例     

武玉英  张婷婷  何喜军  蒋国瑞 《科技管理研究》2018,(3)

区域间专利引证对技术知识的跨区域流动与共享具有重要作用。以纳米领域为例,收集2011—2015年专利引证数据,剖析全国31个省份间专利引证关系并进行分类,构建区域间引证关系的影响指标,利用泊松和负二项模型进行回归与检验。得出:高被引、高引证、双高地区均集中在北上广苏等区域,引证密度快速增加;引证量与自引率持续增高,被引量下降,说明纳米领域专利技术的区域辐射效果较弱,区域间专利引证不活跃;回归分析发现区域RD经费、科技覆盖范围、h指数与区域间专利引证存在正相关。综上所述,给出了提升中国区域间专利技术引证的对策建议。  相似文献   

AEROTEL LTD v TELCO HOLDINGS LTD MACROSSAN'S PATENT APPLICATION     

Court of Appeal   《RPC》2007,124(4):117-161

  相似文献   

技术成果转让价格的评估准则、方法与参数   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙裕君 《情报科学》2003,21(8):804-807

技术成果的价格不是以其价值为基础，而是以它的使用价值带来的经济效益大小来确定．技术成果转让价格的评估准则是对其应用后产生的新增收益在转让双方之间的合理分配．根据贡献利益对称定价原则，正确运用收益现值法、利润分享率法和提成率法，合理确定其相应参数，为技术成果转让双方提供定价依据。  相似文献   

Endogenous technical advance and the stochastic trend in output: A neoclassical approach   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gordon Reikard   《Research Policy》2005,34(10):1476-1490

In the recent endogenous growth literature, the trend in output is stochastic, while investment in scientific knowledge is treated as analogous to a capital stock. This paper models both research and development (R&D) and disembodied technical advance using neo-classical equations, which specify the equilibrium stocks as a function of prices and output. The elasticity of R&D in the production function, estimated using factor shares, is time-varying and increasing. Returns to scale are increasing in all factors. The most important aspect of the model is that the equilibrium rate of technical advance is not cyclically invariant, but co-moves with output at business cycle frequencies. This allows the production function to behave as a stochastic trend. Growth accounting demonstrates that long-term variations in the rate of productivity growth have been associated mainly with low-frequency fluctuations in the rate of disembodied technical advance, with secondary effects from the stocks of R&D and physical capital. During the high productivity period 1948–1972, technical advance contributed 1.48 percentage points per year to output, with 0.98 accounted for by R&D. The productivity slowdown of the mid-1970s was accounted by a gradual decline in the effect of R&D, and a more abrupt collapse in disembodied technology. The subsequent productivity revival was associated with two accelerations in disembodied technical advance, the first beginning in the early 1980s, and the second in the mid-1990s. The production function is simulated in a small econometric model. Model simulations find that exogenous shocks to the inflation rate generate significant variations in growth by inducing fluctuations in disembodied technology.  相似文献   

Preschool writing and premathematics predict Grade 3 achievement for low-income,ethnically diverse children     

Louis Manfra  Christina Squires  Laura H. B. Dinehart  Charles Bleiker  Suzanne C. Hartman  Adam Winsler 《The Journal of educational research》2017,110(5):528-537

The present study was designed to explore the association between preschool academic skills and Grade 3 achievement among a sample of ethnically diverse children from low-income families. Data were collected from a sample of 1,442 low-income, ethnically diverse children in preschool and associated with Grade 3 achievement in reading and mathematics 4 years later. Mixed-effects modeling indicated that preschool skills significantly predicted Grade 3 achievement measures while controlling for various child-level factors and random school effects. While several preschool factors were predictive of Grade 3 achievement, writing/copying and counting/premathematics skills were consistently strong predictors of Grade 3 achievement across all measures and domains suggesting these are important foundational skills for academic success in midelementary school among low-income, ethnically diverse children. Findings also replicate studies demonstrating that writing plays an important role in learning and achievement. Findings have implications for early education policy and practice intended to support academic development among low-income, ethnically diverse children.  相似文献   

浅谈如何改进中专教学方式     

杨少华 《中国教育发展研究杂志》2007,4(8):93-94

教与学是师生的双边活动，要提高教学质量必须使学生参与教学。笔者认为要吸引中专学生参与就要把握中专学生的心理特征，提高学习的乐趣，课堂中投学生所好，多种教法结合现代教育手段灵活运用。  相似文献