《反兴奋剂运动员权利规则》审思          下载免费PDF全文

裘韵 《体育科研》2020,(2):45-53

《反兴奋剂运动员权利规则》是由世界反兴奋剂机构下属的运动员委员会制定,执行委员会批准通过的首个明确规定运动员在反兴奋剂活动中权利的文件。作为运动员参与反兴奋剂活动的基础,该文件的制定与修订争议不断,多集中于文件名称、法律地位及其内容中不具有强制执行力的部分。在体育组织的干预下,起草者修改了文件的名称并澄清“这不是一份法律文件”,使该文件的意义与价值存疑。建议在日后的修订中慎重考虑文件名称的匹配性,在厘清该文件与《世界反兴奋剂条例》及国际标准关系的基础上,赋予其法律效力或给予象征性法律规则的地位,完善对受侵犯权利救济的指引,加快建立申诉处理机制。  相似文献   

Understanding China as practicing Chineseness: selected cases of Vietnamese scholarship     

Chih-yu Shih 《Inter-Asia Cultural Studies》2018,19(1):40-57

The notion of post-Chineseness is enlisted to analyze Vietnamese Sinology as a comparative agenda. Post-Chineseness refers to the cultural preparation and the political process of mutual acknowledgement among those who consider one another sharing (some kind of) Chineseness, practically defined according to the context and its trajectories, at each time and each site. Chineseness can thus have various, if not entirely irrelevant, meanings. Vietnamese Sinologists have relied on different kinds of post-Chineseness to make sense of their relationship with the encountered Chinese to select and determine the mode of self-understanding, the purpose and a strategy to reconnect, and the normative criterion to assess and manage the relationship. Chinese Vietnamese are significantly less numerous than Chinese Malaysian, Thai, and Indonesians. However, the history of Vietnam is considerably closer to China than are those of Korea and Japan, in terms of length of merger. The post-Chineseness of Vietnamese scholarship therefore complicates its role-identity vis-à-vis China, intellectually as well as practically.  相似文献   

We are all born free and equal. But are we? Children’s responses to issues of conflict,migration and refugees in picturebooks     

Janet Evans 《Education 3-13》2018,46(7):782-801

There has always been war and conflict in our world. Conflict almost always goes hand-in-hand with human suffering and is usually caused by issues related to religion, power and politics linked to greed and money. Ordinary people, trying to live their everyday lives often suffer the greatest effects, with extreme hardship, misery and intense unhappiness frequently leading to death, destruction and displacement. This article looks at the concept of migration caused by war and conflict as dealt with by a text set of picturebooks. It considers the responses of a group of 9- and 10-year-old children as they discuss what is meant by migration, migrants and refugees and focuses on what it would be like if, because of war, they found themselves in the situation of having to leave their homes and seek refuge in a new country.  相似文献   

高新技术企业知识产权管理模式探究——基于竞争力视角     

陈清爽  蒋丽梅 《科技管理研究》2019,39(1)

高新技术企业面临着如何通过知识产权的有效管理以提升企业知识产权竞争力的问题。在竞争力视角下，按照竞争力模块互动转化的内在规律构建高新技术企业知识产权管理模式的概念模型。高新技术企业知识产权管理模式是在知识产权管理协同模块的保障下，知识产权导航、创造与维护、战略运用三个知识产权管理基础模块非线性相互作用的产物，在知识产权竞争资源及竞争实力的互动演变中形成。对高新技术企业在创量求速、量与质增值及战略实现三个阶段中知识产权管理模块间耦合演化及管理模式形成机理的动态解析，为高新技术企业根据自身知识产权资源及竞争力实力要求，依循内部模块间耦合规律选择“因企制宜”的知识产权管理模式提供了新的思路。  相似文献   

我国高校知识产权信息服务现状、困境及对策     

杜娟娟  张柏秋 《图书情报工作》2019,63(23):44-51

[目的/意义] 知识产权是经济、科技和文化实力的重要体现，已经成为各国竞相争夺的战略性资源。在建设知识产权强国背景下，急需提升高校知识产权信息服务的能力和水平，支撑高校科技创新和"双一流"建设。[方法/过程] 通过对高校知识产权信息服务工作的现状进行分析，总结高校开展知识产权信息服务工作面临的问题，并提出解决对策。[结果/结论] 针对高校知识产权信息服务面临的困境，提出改变科研评价导向，加强知识产权信息资源建设，构建知识产权信息服务标准体系，加大人才培养力度，贯通产学研全链条，有效运用大数据、人工智能技术的建议。  相似文献   

高强度的环境规制能够促进国内大气科技创新吗？——以〖SO〗_2排放控制技术为例          下载免费PDF全文

林玲  赵子健  曹聪丽 《科研管理》2018,39(12):45-52

从理论上来说，波特弱假说涉及双重外部性问题，即大气污染的负外部性和技术创新的正外部性，环境规制和知识产权保护合力才能予以切实彻底解决，而后者并没有得到普遍重视。本文认为，波特弱假说需要考虑知识产权保护强度。以SO_2排放控制技术为例，本文运采用2000-2013年省际省份面板数据，结合固定效应模型进行实证研究检验了知识产权保护对于波特弱假说的作用。结果发现，当知识产权保护较弱时，环境规制对大气科技创新具有呈现负向影响；。只有当知识产权保护较强时力度超过一定阈值时，环境规制才会对大气科技创新产生正向影响，波特弱假说成立。此外，环境规制和知识产权保护影响大气科技创新的交叉效应主要出现在企业，而非科研院所和个人，创新主体存在明显的差异性。  相似文献   

University licensing and the flow of scientific knowledge     

Neil C. Thompson  Arvids A. Ziedonis  David C. Mowery 《Research Policy》2018,47(6):1060-1069

As university involvement in technology transfer and entrepreneurship has increased, concerns over the patenting and licensing of scientific discoveries have grown. This paper examines the effect that the licensing of academic patents has on journal citations to academic publications covering the same scientific research. We analyze data on invention disclosures, patents, and licenses from the University of California, a leading U.S. academic patenter and licensor, between 1997 and 2007. We also develop a novel “inventor-based” maximum-likelihood matching technique to automate and generalize Murray's (2002) “patent-paper pairs” methodology. We use this methodology to identify the scientific publications associated with University of California patents and licenses.Based on a “difference-in-differences” analysis, we find that within our sample of patented academic discoveries, citations to licensed patent-linked publications are higher in the three years after the license, although this difference is not statistically significant. We then disaggregate our sample into (a) patented discoveries that are likely to be used as “research tools” by other researchers (based on the presence of material transfer agreements (MTAs) that cover them) and (b) patented discoveries not covered by MTAs. Citations to publications linked to licensed patents in the latter subset (not covered by MTAs) are higher for publications linked to licensed patents, and this difference is statistically significant. In contrast, licensing of patented discoveries that are also research tools is associated with a reduction in citations to papers linked to these research advances, raising the possibility that licensing may restrict the flow of inputs to “follow-on” scientific research.  相似文献   

基于改进Shapley值的植物新品种资本化利益分配方式研究     

周衍平  綦一霖  陈会英 《科技管理研究》2019,39(2)

本文运用改进Shapley值法,基于成本投入、风险和合作讨价还价能力三种影响因素,协调植物新品种资本化各主体之间的合作和利益分配关系。结果表明：改进后的Shapley值法能够实现资本化运营各方互利共赢,有利于推动植物新品种资本化进行,实现植物新品种价值最大化。  相似文献   

企业高层次知识产权人才建设影响因素研究——基于北京高新技术企业调查数据     

朱相宇  刘雅菲  杨登才  韩娜 《科技管理研究》2018,(19)

系统梳理企业知识产权人才建设影响因素的相关研究,通过企业内外部多维度视角,利用2016年北京168家高新技术企业的实地调研数据,运用结构方程模型,研究企业高层次知识产权人才建设的影响因素及其相互作用关系。研究结果显示:从路径系数看,人才素质对人才战略的影响最大;从作用效应看,企业规模、人才战略和人才素质对人才建设具有显著正向效应。在此基础上提出落实人才发展战略、解决顶层设计缺失,提升人才整体素质、夯实人才建设基础,优化行业制度、健全人才发展体系,以期破解企业知识产权人才建设困境,促进我国高层次知识产权人才队伍的建设。  相似文献   

智力资本外流对技术创新的影响效应探究          下载免费PDF全文

詹国辉  李泽恺 《科研管理》2018,39(6):96-102

智力资本已成为技术创新竞争力的核心载体。文章基于技术创新的投入与产出的基础模型，厘清了智力资本的国际化外流对技术创新的影响机制。实证发现，智力资本外流会对“本体国”的技术创新产生显著性正向影响，且比汇款效应，教育激励效应和网络效应更显著。进一步地以“门限特征”进行检验，研究表明了经济发展水平和研发投入水平与智力外流技术创新效应呈U型关系，人力资本水平和技术差距与智力外流技术创新效应呈倒U型关系。为此，通过相应的路径和制度安排来推动智力资本外流效应的有效性发挥，力图达成发展中国家的技术革新与发展进步。  相似文献