《反兴奋剂运动员权利规则》审思          下载免费PDF全文

裘韵 《体育科研》2020,(2):45-53

《反兴奋剂运动员权利规则》是由世界反兴奋剂机构下属的运动员委员会制定,执行委员会批准通过的首个明确规定运动员在反兴奋剂活动中权利的文件。作为运动员参与反兴奋剂活动的基础,该文件的制定与修订争议不断,多集中于文件名称、法律地位及其内容中不具有强制执行力的部分。在体育组织的干预下,起草者修改了文件的名称并澄清“这不是一份法律文件”,使该文件的意义与价值存疑。建议在日后的修订中慎重考虑文件名称的匹配性,在厘清该文件与《世界反兴奋剂条例》及国际标准关系的基础上,赋予其法律效力或给予象征性法律规则的地位,完善对受侵犯权利救济的指引,加快建立申诉处理机制。  相似文献   

Implementation processes of online and offline channel conflict management strategies in manufacturing enterprises: A resource orchestration perspective     

《International Journal of Information Management》2018

The rapid development of e-commerce is driving many traditional manufacturing enterprises to establish online channels. This typically leads to online and offline channel conflicts for these enterprises. Existing studies on channel conflict management primarily focus on describing the conflicts and discussing the types of strategies. Utilizing the case study method and taking the resource orchestration perspective as the theoretical lens, this study examines the implementation processes of online and offline channel integration and segmentation strategies in two Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The findings reveal the prerequisite to select online and offline integration and segmentation strategies, and specific resource orchestration actions and capabilities generated under the guidance of the integration and segmentation strategies. This study has theoretical implications to the online and offline channel conflict management strategies by extending the “what” question to the “how” question. In addition, this study also provides references to practitioners for selecting and implementing appropriate online and offline channel conflict management strategies.  相似文献   

Teachers' Perceptions of Factors Affecting Their Adoption and Acceptance of Mobile Technology in K-12 Settings     

Zuheir Khlaif 《学校用计算机》2018,35(1):49-67

Factors influencing the adoption and acceptance of tablets as a mobile technology were explored one year after their integration in middle schools in Palestine. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 teachers. The participants held a variety of attitudes toward accepting mobile technologies in their instruction. The findings revealed that teachers' attitudes are an important factor in accepting or rejecting tablet use in classrooms. Many factors influenced teachers' attitudes such as technical support, instructional assistance, and infrastructure. A teacher's prior experience with tablets was also important for integrating technology into the classroom.  相似文献   

We are all born free and equal. But are we? Children’s responses to issues of conflict,migration and refugees in picturebooks     

Janet Evans 《Education 3-13》2018,46(7):782-801

There has always been war and conflict in our world. Conflict almost always goes hand-in-hand with human suffering and is usually caused by issues related to religion, power and politics linked to greed and money. Ordinary people, trying to live their everyday lives often suffer the greatest effects, with extreme hardship, misery and intense unhappiness frequently leading to death, destruction and displacement. This article looks at the concept of migration caused by war and conflict as dealt with by a text set of picturebooks. It considers the responses of a group of 9- and 10-year-old children as they discuss what is meant by migration, migrants and refugees and focuses on what it would be like if, because of war, they found themselves in the situation of having to leave their homes and seek refuge in a new country.  相似文献   

Motivation counteracts fatigue-induced performance decrements in soccer passing performance     

Jeroen C.M. Barte  Arne Nieuwenhuys  Sabine A.E. Geurts  Michiel A.J. Kompier 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(10):1189-1196

Recent theories suggest that negative effects of fatigue on performance are determined by perception of effort and motivation rather than being directly caused by reaching physiological limits. In the current experiment, the influence of motivation on fatigue-induced decrements in soccer performance was experimentally investigated. Sixty amateur soccer players performed a validated soccer-passing test before and after a fatigue protocol. Results showed that players’ motivation and performance decreased after the fatigue protocol for players in the control group. In contrast, players in the motivation group (i.e., with motivation experimentally induced after the fatigue protocol) were able to uphold their motivation and increase their performance. These results indicate that motivation plays a crucial role in performance under fatigue, as fatigue-induced decrements in soccer passing performance can be counteracted by high levels of motivation. Future research may explore the limits of this counteracting effect and extend findings to other relevant performance aspects.  相似文献   

基于图模型的供需匹配决策研究     

陈晔 《科技管理研究》2018,(5)

从分析供需匹配之间存在的冲突入手,提出一种基于图模型冲突分析法来求解供需匹配问题的思路。首先在图模型视角下给出供需匹配问题的研究框架,分析不同类型的供需匹配问题,设定决策主体和决策策略;然后讨论不同匹配类型下的状态约简、偏好表达,进行稳定性分析;最后通过应用案例,将图模型法与群决策匹配算法进行对比分析,验证图模型求解供需匹配问题的有效性。  相似文献   

Hot hands,cold feet? Investigating effects of interacting constraints on place kicking performance at the 2015 Rugby Union World Cup     

Chris Pocock  Neil E. Bezodis  Keith Davids  Jamie S. North 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(10):1309-1316

Place kicks in Rugby Union present valuable opportunities to score points outside the spatiotemporal dynamics of open play but are executed under varying performance constraints. We analysed effects of specific task constraints and relevant contextual factors on place kick performance in the 2015 Rugby Union World Cup. Data were collected from television broadcasts for each place kick. In addition to kick outcomes, contextual factors, including time of the kick in the match, score margin at the time of the kick, and outcome of the kicker’s previous kick, were recorded. Effects of spatial task constraints were analysed for each kick, using distance (m) and angle (°) of the kick to the goalposts. A binomial logistic regression model revealed that distance from, and angle to, the goalposts were significant predictors of place kick outcome. Furthermore, the success percentage of kickers who missed their previous kick was 7% lower than those who scored their previous kick. Place kick success percentage in the 10 minutes before half-time was 8% lower than the mean tournament success percentage, which was 75% (95% CI 71–78%). The highest kick success percentage was recorded when scores were level (83%; 95% CI 72–91%). Our data highlighted how subtle changes in task constraints and contextual factors can influence performance outcomes in elite performers in international competition. Fluctuations in place kick success suggested that individual constraints, such as thoughts, emotions and fatigue, induced during competition, could interact with perceptions to influence emergent performance behaviours.  相似文献   

非稳态雾赋能网络中的在线任务卸载方法     

朱兆伟  刘婷  钱骅  罗喜良 《中国科学院大学学报》2020,37(5):699-707

为充分发掘分布在不同位置上的雾节点的计算资源，任务卸载被寄予众望。在雾计算场景下，以尽可能减少任务卸载的长期成本为目标，试图寻找一个高效的在线任务卸载方法。为此，这一问题被建模成一个随机规划问题，该问题中系统参数所对应的随机变量的期望会在未知时刻突变，系统参数相关信息只能在任务完成后的反馈中获得。基于非稳态多臂老虎机模型，提出一个高效的算法来解决这一具有挑战性的随机优化问题，给出理论分析证明该算法的渐进最优性。数值实验证明了该算法的优越性。  相似文献   

Work–family conflict,relational turbulence mechanisms,conflict tactics and marital satisfaction*     

Timothy R. Worley  Marina R. Shelton 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2020,48(2):248-269

ABSTRACT

This study examined how work–family conflict (WFC) is associated with mechanisms of relational turbulence, conflict tactics, and marital satisfaction. Six hundred and thirty-three married workers completed an online survey. Family interference with work and spouses’ work interfering with one’s family predicted greater relational uncertainty and interference from partners, whereas one’s own work interfering with family did not predict these mechanisms of turbulence. All three sources of relational uncertainty, and interference from partners, predicted increased avoidance and distributive tactic use. Facilitation from partners predicted increased use of integrative tactics. Finally, relational uncertainty, interference from partners, and distributive conflict tactics partially mediated the associations of WFC with marital satisfaction.  相似文献   

动态雾计算网络中基于在线学习的任务卸载算法     

谭友钰  陈蕾  周明拓  王昆仑  杨旸  张武雄 《中国科学院大学学报》2020,37(5):688-698

任务卸载是雾计算的主要技术之一，即计算能力不足的节点将任务卸载给具有富余资源的节点帮助计算。以优化任务平均卸载时延和提升卸载服务成功率为目标，利用多臂老虎机理论为动态雾计算网络提出一种基于在线学习的任务卸载算法，可实时做出最优卸载决策。将该算法扩展到非稳定网络状态，使之可以动态追踪网络中节点的资源与环境变化，实时调整卸载决策。详细分析所提出算法的性能、复杂度和存储占用情况。仿真结果表明，这两种算法可达到的长期平均任务卸载时延均十分接近理想算法下的最优时延，卸载服务成功率也得到显著提升。此外，所提算法在非稳定的网络状态下能够追踪到计算资源与环境的变化。  相似文献