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Christian Swann Lee Crust Patricia Jackman Stewart A. Vella Mark S. Allen Richard Keegan 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(23):2272-2280
Clutch performance is improved performance under pressure. However, little research has examined the psychological state experienced by athletes in these situations. Therefore, this study qualitatively examined the subjective experience underlying clutch performance across a range of sports (e.g., team, individual) and standards (Olympic to recreational athletes). Sixteen athletes (Mage = 27.08 years; SD = 6.48) took part in in-depth, semi-structured interviews primarily after an exceptional performance (M = 4.38 days later; SD = 3.14). Data were analysed inductively and thematically. Clutch states involved 12 characteristics, including heightened and deliberate concentration, intense effort, and heightened awareness, which distinguished the experience of clutch from other optimal psychological states such as flow. Other characteristics, such as perceptions of control, were also reported and supported previous experimental research on clutch. These findings present in-depth qualitative insights into the psychological state underlying clutch performance, and are discussed in relation to the existing literature on optimal psychological states in sport. 相似文献
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根据"Choking"理论,研究把篮球运动的比赛情景和技能水平作为观察的要素,对运动员"Choking"的体验进行探索,旨在为"Choking" 现象研究提供运动项目实证的解释数据.通过开放性问卷,对97名篮球运动员进行询问调查,定性分析结果发现,篮球比赛中常发生的失误有7种情景,其中,在这些情景中运动员体验最多的是过度紧张、急躁、焦虑、沮丧和额外努力.再根据篮球运动员的训练年限、年龄及运动员的技术等级,把97名篮球运动员分为高、中、初级运动员,并对不同技术等级的运动员在比赛中的"Choking"体验进行分析,结果表明,高级运动员额外努力引起的"Choking"现象为第一位,其次为急躁;中级运动员为过度紧张引起的"Choking"现象为第一位,其次为焦虑;初级运动员为过度紧张引起的"Choking"现象为第一位,其次为急躁,再是焦虑.同时,对高、中、初级运动员发生在比赛中"Choking"体验进行区别的卡方检验.结果显示,高级运动员的"Choking"体验与中、初级篮球运动员存在显著性差异.进一步调查表明,高级运动员额外"努力"是造成"Choking"的主要原因. 相似文献
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运用文献资料法，在对内隐学习的相关理论进行文献综述的基础上，对内隐学习能够克服篮球比赛中投篮技术产生的Choking的假设进行了探讨，以便在此基础上作进一步的理论研究和实证分析显示。 相似文献
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对国内47篇“Choking”研究论文的特征进行了分析,结果表明：与国际研究相比,国内研究起步较晚,整体研究水平较低;非实证研究居多,实证研究较少;潜在影响因素探讨较多,内在机制分析较少;研究项目分布较广,Choking操作定义界定不清。国内研究主要不足表现为实证研究缺乏理论导向,Choking现象本质探讨不足,预防干预研究较少。 相似文献
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"Choking"是一种心理现象,定义为习惯的运动执行过程发生衰变的现象,主要发生在比赛的关键时刻或重大比赛中.压力下的"Choking"用来描述运动员在比赛的关键时刻或重大比赛中发生运动成绩下降的现象.运用 "Choking"过程理论,对第28届奥运会中国男子体操队成绩出现"反常"的现象进行了分析.从"Choking"影响因素的过程模式观点,认为中国男子体操队惜败第28届奥运会主要与8个方面的因素有关金牌压力有关的比赛的重要性;比赛过程中运动员失利的相互影响;首次采用6-3-3新赛制;年轻运动员缺乏大赛的经验;现代竞技体操比赛的高技术含量增加;比赛压力应对策略;比赛对手的压力;过去比赛失误的经历.提出了存在的问题和3个今后研究的方向. 相似文献
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Noel P. Kinrade Robin C. Jackson Kelly J. Ashford Daniel T. Bishop 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):1127-1135
Abstract Items from the Reinvestment Scale were modified to create a decision-specific version of the scale. Principal components analysis of responses from 165 participants revealed one-, two-, three-, and four-factor solutions for the Decision-Specific Reinvestment Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis of responses from a second sample of 111 participants revealed that a 13-item two-factor solution showed the best fit. The first factor comprised six items referring to conscious monitoring of the process involved in making a decision, and was termed decision reinvestment. The second factor, decision rumination, comprised seven items related to focus on negative evaluations of previous poor decisions. In an initial assessment of predictive validity, Decision-Specific Reinvestment Scale scores of 59 skilled team sport players were found to be highly correlated with coaches' ratings of players' tendency to choke under pressure (r = 0.74), with high Decision-Specific Reinvestment Scale scores indicating greater susceptibility to poor decision-making under pressure. It was concluded that the Decision-Specific Reinvestment Scale highlights a performer's predisposition to engage in behaviours detrimental to performance under pressure, namely decision reinvestment and decision rumination. 相似文献
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Choking现象研究述评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Choking现象是目前运动心理学领域研究的一大热点问题,定义为压力条件下一种习惯的运动执行过程发生衰变的现象。本文在综述竞赛中Choking现象的定义及其理论解释的基础上,对运动心理学研究中的这一重要问题进行了系统的总结与展望。 相似文献