A mathematical model for decision-making in the classification of para-footballers with different severity of coordination impairments     

Diego Pastor  María Campayo-Piernas  Jesús Tadeo Pastor 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(12):1403-1410

Classification is a defining feature of Para-sport, and sports-specific classification systems determined through multidisciplinary scientific research are required, i.e., evidence-based and focused on the relationship between the impairment and the key performance determinants. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was applied as a classification tool using a directional distance function (DDF) model. The aim of the study was to test the DEA as a possible classification tool in cerebral palsy football. We analyse the performance of 56 international para-footballers with hypertonia, ataxia or athetosis, who completed a 20-test battery with DEA models. Five of the tests are included in the model (change of direction: Illinois agility test; jumping: standing broad jump, four bounds for distance, and triple hop with the non-dominant leg; 10-m sprint/acceleration; and ball dribbling, both in a straight line and following a trajectory), showing that players with less impairment exhibit the highest efficiency. This outcome suggests that DEA models might be feasible for detecting and discriminating the performance and magnitude of impairment in cerebral palsy football, with an objective ranking of the athletes in relation to different physical performance tests. This study also provides reference scores for decision-making during classification and guidance for further research in team Paralympic sports.  相似文献   

Factors associated with concussion-symptom knowledge and attitudes toward concussion care seeking in a national survey of parents of middle-school children in the US     

Zachary Y. Kerr  Aliza K. Nedimyer  Melissa C. Kay  Avinash Chandran  Paula Gildner  K. Hunter Byrd  Juliet K. Haarbauer-Krupa  Johna K. Register-Mihalik 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(2):113

BackgroundDeveloping appropriate concussion prevention and management paradigms in middle school (MS) settings requires understanding parents’ general levels of concussion-related knowledge and attitudes. This study examined factors associated with concussion-symptom knowledge and care-seeking attitudes among parents of MS children (aged 10–15 years).MethodsA panel of 1224 randomly selected U.S. residents, aged ≥ 18 years and identifying as parents of MS children, completed an online questionnaire capturing parental and child characteristics. The parents’ concussion-symptom knowledge was measured using 25 questions, with possible answers being “yes”, “maybe”, and “no”. Correct answers earned 2 points, “maybe” answers earned 1 point, and incorrect answers earned 0 point (range: 0–50; higher scores = better knowledge). Concussion care-seeking attitudes were also collected using five 7-point scale items (range: 5–35; higher scores = more positive attitudes). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression models identified predictors of higher scores. Models met proportional odds assumptions. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) (excluding 1.00) were deemed statistically significant.ResultsMedian scores were 39 (interquartile range: 32–44) for symptom knowledge and 32 (interquartile range: 28–35) for care-seeking attitude. In multivariable models, odds of better symptom knowledge were higher in women vs. men (aOR = 2.28; 95%CI: 1.71–3.05), white/non-Hispanics vs. other racial or ethnic groups (aOR = 1.88; 95%CI: 1.42–2.49), higher parental age (10-year-increase aOR = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.26–1.71), and greater competitiveness (10%-scale-increase aOR = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.13–1.36). Odds of more positive care-seeking attitudes were higher in white/non-Hispanics vs. other racial or ethnic groups (aOR = 1.45; 95%CI: 1.06–1.99) and in older parental age (10-year-increase aOR = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.05–1.47).ConclusionCharacteristics of middle school children''s parents (e.g., sex, race or ethnicity, age) are associated with their concussion-symptom knowledge and care-seeking attitudes. Parents’ variations in concussion knowledge and attitudes warrant tailored concussion education and prevention.  相似文献   

基于知识持续管理的人才流失危机管理探讨     

樊宏  戴良铁 《科学学与科学技术管理》2005,26(3):114-117

人才流失的实质是知识流失。从知识持续管理角度来看待人才流失危机管理问题，介绍了知识持续管理的相关概念和基本假设，分析了其竞争优势，初步探讨了知识持续管理体系的开发与管理策略，为企业人才流失危机管理提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

我国智力外流的新特点及其对策研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘健  牛强  李国平 《科学学研究》2005,23(3):352-356

智力外流是高技能者基于“成就需求”内因和诸多外在因素的迁移,是人力资本循其自身流动规律而追求其价值和收益最大化的必然结果。20世纪90年代以来,日益激烈的国际人才争夺使发展中国家的智力外流现象日趋严重。本文在对智力外流进行理论剖析的基础上,系统地研究了我国智力外流的新特点,并结合国情提出了应对智力外流的适宜措施。  相似文献   

非人灵长类模型          下载免费PDF全文

胡新天  仇子龙  顾勇  龚能  孙强 《中国科学院院刊》2016,31(7):773-782

全球有近10亿脑疾病患者,每年约带来经济负担1万亿美元。目前,绝大部分脑疾病尚无有效治疗方法。因此,脑疾病机理研究和新药开发十分迫切。由于进化上相近,非人灵长类的脑在结构、功能活动等多方面与人类高度相似。因此,相对于其他实验动物,非人灵长类具有解决人类问题,特别是脑相关问题的独特优势。它们除了是研究人类正常脑高级功能的关键实验动物外,还是最好的研究脑疾病机理和治疗方法的模型动物。中国不但有丰富的非人灵长类资源,而且在猕猴建模方面有很好的积累,尤其在转基因疾病猕猴模型创建方面,目前处于世界领先的地位。文章分析了脑疾病领域的国家战略需求,总结了国内外非人灵长类的应用情况,以及国内非人灵长类模型现状。在此基础上,对我国非人灵长类模型领域下一步发展的重点提出了建议。  相似文献   

自闭症谱系障碍儿童早期脑结构发育异常及其神经机制     

王琳  王志丹  王畅 《中国特殊教育》2020,(3):55-61

自闭症谱系障碍是儿童发育早期出现的一种神经发展性疾病。近年来,基于婴幼儿同胞研究范式的脑神经科学研究发现,自闭症儿童发育早期会出现皮层表面积加速增大、脑脊液异常增加和脑白质结构异常,这些发现有助于追踪自闭症儿童大脑和核心行为症状的发育轨迹,预测自闭症早期的发生和后期的发展趋势。本文对自闭症儿童早期脑结构发育异常及其神经机制的研究进行了系统梳理,以期深入理解自闭症的发病机制,助益于自闭症的早期筛查、靶向干预和有效康复。  相似文献   

教育神经科学研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

佘燕云  杜文超 《开放教育研究》2011,17(4)

教育神经科学通过探索有关学习的脑机制,为学习科学研究提供生理学研究视角。文章首先对教育神经科学的内涵、发展及脑功能成像技术进行简要的介绍;继而对教育神经科学的主要研究内容进行论述,包括脑的功能结构与发展研究、语言学习的脑机制研究、数学学习的脑机制研究,以及情绪发展的脑机制研究;最后,描述了教育神经科学面临的困境,并提出教育神经科学未来的研究方向。  相似文献   

数学是一种“脑具”     

陈晓江 《九江职业技术学院学报》2015,(1)

数学是大脑思考的工具,发挥数学的文化价值,帮助学生学会数学地思维,甚至通过数学学会思维,是高职数学课程的重要功能取向。  相似文献   

Legitimizing the Wound: Mapping the Military's Diagnostic Discourse of Traumatic Brain Injury     

Tom Lindsley 《Technical Communication Quarterly》2015,24(3):235-257

Following reports spanning from the beginning of the OEF (Operation Enduring Freedom) and OIF (Operation Iraqi Freedom) conflicts to the early 2010s, this rhetorical investigation analyzes the U.S. military's diagnostic practices used to identify mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in blast-affected troops. Considering the notion of “wound/injury” as a possible boundary object, this paper discusses how the conceptual framing of “invisible” injuries may produce interruptions of distrust that inhibit effective diagnosis.  相似文献   

有氧运动对慢性应激大鼠脑海马区神经可塑性的影响     

戈含笑  魏宏文  张有志  高颀  薛瑞  陈红霞 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(5):39-45

摘要：目的：以神经元和神经胶质细胞相关神经生物学变化为切入点，探讨有氧运动对慢性应激大鼠脑海马区神经可塑性的影响。方法：以SD大鼠为研究对象，按照体重均衡分为对照组（CON）、慢性应激模型组（MOD）、氟西汀组（FLU）、低强度运动组（LIR）和中等强度运动组（MIR）。给予大鼠4周慢性应激，并分别伴随氟西汀给药、低强度或者中等强度的运动干预。4周后，通过开场实验、蔗糖饮水实验、新奇抑制摄食实验以及新物体识别实验检测运动对慢性应激大鼠抑郁样行为、焦虑样行为以及认知障碍的影响；同时，利用酶联免疫法和蛋白免疫印迹法，检测运动对慢性应激大鼠血清皮质酮、海马内前炎因子IL1-β，以及蛋白GFAP、S100β、BDNF、p-ERK、p-CREB表达的影响，探讨运动抗抑郁的行为学效应和作用机制。结果：1）低强度和中等强度运动能够显著增加慢性应激大鼠的开场活动、缩短新奇抑制摄食潜伏期，同时提高慢性应激大鼠新物体的识别指数；2）运动有效逆转了慢性应激大鼠血清皮质酮的异常升高，同时降低海马内前炎性因子IL1-β的分泌；3）运动可显著星形胶质细胞的标志性功能蛋白GFAP和S100β的表达水平，增强慢性应激大鼠的BDNF/ERK/CREB信号转导通路中重要蛋白BDNF、p-ERK、p-CREB的表达。结论：运动可以通过提高慢性应激大鼠脑海马区神经可塑性来达到抗抑郁的目的。可能与以下因素有关：1）运动调节血清皮质酮的异常升高，降低海马内前炎性因子的释放，同时，提高与神经胶质细胞相关蛋白GFAP和S100β活性，从而起到神经元保护的作用；2）运动可以通过激活CREB，BDNF以及ERK等重要信号蛋白的表达，提高神经营养作用，促进神经元的生长，增加神经可塑性和神经发生来发挥抗抑郁作用。  相似文献