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1.
采用常温、-18℃、-40℃处理茶鲜叶,参考绿茶的炒制工艺制成茶叶,分别室温水冲泡,测定茶汤中茶多酚,茶氨酸,咖啡因的溶出速度的影响,确定冷泡茶加工工艺。结果表明：-40℃冷冻的茶叶中茶多酚、茶氨酸、咖啡因溶出速度比-18℃冷冻的茶叶快,常温处理溶出最慢。 相似文献
2.
研究了一种连续萃取装置,并用这种装置代替Soxhlet萃取器进行了提取实验.结果表明,使用这种装置具有操作简便;减少溶剂消耗,降低实验成本;适合少量物质的提取;更不容易损坏;提取效率高,缩短实验时间的优点 相似文献
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For the athlete training hard, nutritional supplements are often seen as promoting adaptations to training, allowing more consistent and intensive training by promoting recovery between training sessions, reducing interruptions to training because of illness or injury, and enhancing competitive performance. Surveys show that the prevalence of supplement use is widespread among sportsmen and women, but the use of few of these products is supported by a sound research base and some may even be harmful to the athlete. Special sports foods, including energy bars and sports drinks, have a real role to play, and some protein supplements and meal replacements may also be useful in some circumstances. Where there is a demonstrated deficiency of an essential nutrient, an increased intake from food or from supplementation may help, but many athletes ignore the need for caution in supplement use and take supplements in doses that are not necessary or may even be harmful. Some supplements do offer the prospect of improved performance; these include creatine, caffeine, bicarbonate and, perhaps, a very few others. There is no evidence that prohormones such as androstenedione are effective in enhancing muscle mass or strength, and these prohormones may result in negative health consequences, as well as positive drug tests. Contamination of supplements that may cause an athlete to fail a doping test is widespread. 相似文献
4.
This article highlights new nutritional concerns or practices that may influence the adaptation to training. The discussion is based on the assumption that the adaptation to repeated bouts of training occurs during recovery periods and that if one can train harder, the adaptation will be greater. The goal is to maximize with nutrition the recovery/adaptation that occurs in all rest periods, such that recovery before the next training session is complete. Four issues have been identified where recent scientific information will force sports nutritionists to embrace new issues and reassess old issues and, ultimately, alter the nutritional recommendations they give to athletes. These are: (1) caffeine ingestion; (2) creatine ingestion; (3) the use of intramuscular triacylglycerol (IMTG) as a fuel during exercise and the nutritional effects on IMTG repletion following exercise; and (4) the role nutrition may play in regulating the expression of genes during and after exercise training sessions. Recent findings suggest that low doses of caffeine exert significant ergogenic effects by directly affecting the central nervous system during exercise. Caffeine can cross the blood–brain barrier and antagonize the effects of adenosine, resulting in higher concentrations of stimulatory neurotransmitters. These new data strengthen the case for using low doses of caffeine during training. On the other hand, the data on the role that supplemental creatine ingestion plays in augmenting the increase in skeletal muscle mass and strength during resistance training remain equivocal. Some studies are able to demonstrate increases in muscle fibre size with creatine ingestion and some are not. The final two nutritional topics are new and have not progressed to the point that we can specifically identify strategies to enhance the adaptation to training. However, it is likely that nutritional strategies will be needed to replenish the IMTG that is used during endurance exercise. It is not presently clear whether the IMTG store is chronically reduced when engaging in daily sessions of endurance training or if this impacts negatively on the ability to train. It is also likely that the increased interest in gene and protein expression measurements will lead to nutritional strategies to optimize the adaptations that occur in skeletal muscle during and after exercise training sessions. Research in these areas in the coming years will lead to strategies designed to improve the adaptive response to training. 相似文献
5.
Abstract The effect of caffeine ingestion on submaximal endurance performance of 15 females and 13 males was investigated. After completing a [Vdot]O 2 max test, each subject performed two submaximal cycling tests at approximately 75% of [Vdot]O 2 max to exhaustion. For the caffeine (C) trials, 300 mg of caffeine was added to 250 ml of decaffeinated coffee and ingested one hour prior to the exercise. The decaffeinated (D) trial involved consuming 250 ml of decaffeinated coffee an hour prior to the test. The C and D trials were administered randomly using a standard double blind design. Physiological parameters were monitored each 9, 10, and 11 minute intervals throughout each trial and averaged. As expected the [Vdot]O 2 (L · min ?1 ), [Vdot]E and work outputs (kgm) were significantly (p < 0.001) higher for the males than the females. All other variables, time to exhaustion, [Vdot]O 2 (ml · kg · min ?1 ), R, HR, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were not significantly (p > 0.05) different between the sexes for either the C or D trials. Time to exhaustion was 14.4 and 3.1% longer for the C trials for the females and males, respectively, however these increases were not significant (p > 0.05). Furthermore, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) for any of the measured variables during successive 10 minute work intervals between the C and D trials for either sex. These results do not support the general use of caffeine in moderate amounts as an ergogenic aid for either males or females, but from a practical point it appears that caffeine may have an ergogenic effect on specific individuals. 相似文献
6.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(10):1342-1348
AbstractAlthough caffeine is a widely used ergogenic resource, some information regarding its effects on resistance exercises is still lacking. The objective of the present study was to verify the acute effect of the ingestion of two different doses of caffeine on performance during a session of resistance exercises and to analyze the perception of the subjects in relation to the intake of caffeine. Following a double-blind, randomised, cross-over, controlled, and non-placebo design, 14 trained and healthy men (24.7?±?6.8 years; 79.8?±?9.8?kg; 177.3?±?8.5?cm) performed a training session in chest-press, shoulder-press, and biceps curl exercises (3 sets until exhaustion; 70% 1RM; 3 min rest interval; 2?s for each concentric and eccentric phase) on three non-consecutive days after ingestion of 3?mg.kg?1 caffeine (CAF3), 6?mg.kg?1 caffeine (CAF6), or no substance (CON). Subjects were informed that one of the caffeine doses would be placebo. The total number of repetitions performed in CON (93.6?±?22.4) was significantly lower than in CAF3 (108.0?±?19.9, P?=?0.02) and in CAF6 (109.3?±?19.8, P?=?0.03) and there were no differences between caffeine doses. Eight subjects noticed that caffeine was in CAF3 and six in CAF6 and there were no differences in the number of repetitions between sessions in which the subjects perceived and did not perceive caffeine. In conclusion, caffeine doses of 3 or 6?mg.kg?1 similarly increased performance in resistance upper limb exercises, independent of the subject's perception of substance ingestion. 相似文献
7.
茶叶中提取咖啡因方法的改进 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
“从茶叶中提取咖啡因”的实验通常是作为一个专业性基础实验开设,实验耗时长、使用提取剂(氯仿或二氯甲烷)毒性大。我们本着安全、经济、高效、环保的原则,研究了用微波辐射水提取茶叶中咖啡因的方法,提出了最佳实验条件:浸提时碳酸钙用量与茶叶质量相当,微波输出功率为 540W,微波辐射时间为4min,提取率可达1．40%。 相似文献
8.
超临界二氧化碳萃取茶叶中咖啡因的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
用超临界二氧化碳进行了茶叶中咖啡因的萃取分离试验。用半流动法考察了压力，预浸润时间和萃取时间（或溶剂量）对绿茶中咖啡因萃取的影响，提出了一个简化的萃取动力学模型，用于估计萃取收率，用流动法考察茶末的萃取效果． 相似文献
9.
提取天然有机物的微型化学实验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提取天然有机物的微型实验(提取大蒜辣素、八角茴香脑、芦丁和咖啡因的微型实验)具有操作简单、灵活、安全等优点,特别适合选做天然有机物的提取化学实验,值得进一步推广与普及. 相似文献
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