Sensemaking and crisis revisited: the failure of sensemaking during the Flint water crisis     

William D. Nowling  Matthew W. Seeger 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2020,48(2):270-289

ABSTRACT

This study operationalized Weick’s [(1988). Enacted sensemaking in crisis situations. Journal of Management Studies 25(4), 305–317 and (1993). The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: The Mann Gulch disaster. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38, 628–652] theory of enacted sensemaking to examine the communication processes associated with the Flint Water Crisis of 2014–2015. A content analysis of 389 emails and attachments from a total population of N?=?37,376 pages of publicly released e-mails and documents pertaining to Flint’s water issues, identified examples of failed sensemaking by government officials. These failures hastened and intensified a growing crisis of lead contamination and an outbreak of Legionnaires disease associated with Flint’s municipal water system. Analysis of email messages suggests that strong commitments by top leaders and limited capacity were important factors as were efforts to create and maintain consensus among officials. The Flint Water Crisis offers an important application of sensemaking theory and its utility for both organizational and risk communication scholars and for practical application. The authors emphasize the importance of questioning previous assumptions and commitments, insuring that communication practitioners are involved in decisions, and avoiding over reliance on image repair as a strategic response.  相似文献   

High-resolution mapping of brain vasculature and its impairment in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease mice     

Xiaochuan Zhang  Xianzhen Yin  Jingjing Zhang  Anan Li  Hui Gong  Qingming Luo  Haiyan Zhang  Zhaobing Gao  Hualiang Jiang 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(6):1223

Accumulating evidence indicates the critical importance of cerebrovascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer''s disease (AD). However, systematic comparative studies on the precise brain vasculature of wild-type and AD model mice are still rare. Using an image-optimization method for analysing Micro-Optical Sectioning Tomography (MOST) data, we generated cross-scale whole-brain 3D atlases that cover the entire vascular system from large vessels down to smallest capillaries at submicron resolution, for both wild-type mice and a transgenic (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD. In addition to distinct vascular patterns in different brain regions, we found that the main vessels of the molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG-ml) undergo abrupt changes in both diameter and branch angle, spreading a unique comb-like pattern of capillaries. By using a quantitative analysis workflow, we identified in the hippocampus of AD mice an overall reduction of the mean vascular diameter, volume fraction and branch angle, with most significant impairment in the DG-ml. In addition, virtual endoscopy revealed irregular morphological features in the vessel lumen of the AD mice, potentially contributing to the impairment of blood flow. Our results demonstrate the capability of high-resolution cross-scale evaluation of brain vasculature and underscore the importance of studying hippocampal microcirculation for understanding AD pathogenesis.  相似文献   

生态文明：城市休闲体育发展的必然选择     

单凤霞  郭修金 《南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)》2019,2(1):60-68

“美丽中国”战略目标的实现离不开“美丽城市”的建设。生态文明是实现美丽城市更新建设的保证者，而美丽城市的建设是落实生态文明的重要举措，两者互动发展、共同促进。城市休闲体育的蓬勃开展离不开生态文明的推动与滋养，生态文明建设是休闲体育发展的至高境界，为城市休闲体育发展提供了外在环境和内部动力。城市休闲体育通过亲近自然、绿色消费、健身怡情、协调“三生”等实际行动，起到了推动人居环境改善、拉动低碳经济增长、实现生命价值延展和促进城市休闲功能提升的作用，是生态文明建设的最佳践行手段。  相似文献   

Compensatory changes in physical activity and sedentary time in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis     

Kelly A. Mackintosh  Nicola D. Ridgers  Melitta A. McNarry 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(13):1506-1511

Physical activity (PA) is a key element in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) treatment strategies, yet little is known as to whether activity compensation occurs. This study examined whether PA and/or sedentary time on one day were temporally associated with time spent in these intensities the following day in youth with CF. Time spent sedentary and in different PA intensities were objectively-measured for seven consecutive days in 50 youth (22 boys; 12.0 ± 2.7 years); 25 with mild-to-moderate CF and 25 age- and sex-matched controls. Multilevel analyses (day and child) were conducted using generalised linear latent and mixed models. On any given day, every additional 10 minutes spent in sedentary time or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were associated with 1.9 (95%CI: ?3.6 to ?1.2) and 12.4 (95%CI: ?22.1 to ?2.9) minutes less sedentary time the following day, respectively. These temporal associations were also observed when split by group (3.1 vs. 1.9 minutes for healthy and CF, respectively). These findings indicate that youth do not compensate their PA, irrespective of disease status, between days, but may compensate their sedentary time between days. Experimental studies are warranted to fully elucidate whether compensatory responses to PA and sedentary time occur, which is fundamental for informing PA promotion strategies.  相似文献   

Serum gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) activity in alcoholics with liver abscess and chronic alcoholics     

G. Rajagopal  K. M. Mohammed Rafi 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2005,20(2):198-199

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (γ-GT) is a microsomal enzyme. Its activity in serum is assayed in alcoholics with liver abscess and alcoholics without liver abscess after screening by ultrasonography. The enzyme activity in serum is increased by 334% in the patients with liver abscess compared to normal control subjects (p<0.0001), and 172% when compared to patients with chronic alcoholism without liver abscess (p<0.0001). The enzyme activity was increased by 59.3% in the serum of patients without liver abscess compared to the normal control subjects (p<0.001). Measurement of γ-GT in serum appears to be a sensitive index in the diagnosis of alcoholics with liver abscess.  相似文献   

伦理型领导、组织认同与员工亲组织非伦理行为:特质调节焦点的调节作用     

李根强 《科学学与科学技术管理》2016,(12):125-135

亲组织非伦理行为(unethical pro-organizational behavior,UPB)对企业声誉和社会利益造成严重危害,设法防止UPB的发生显得尤为迫切。基于组织认同理论和调节焦点理论,通过对489名企业员工进行问卷调查,研究伦理型领导对员工亲组织非伦理行为的影响机制,包括这一机制中组织认同的中介作用和特质调节焦点的调节作用,以制定相应的防范策略。结果发现:伦理型领导与UPB呈倒U型关系;组织认同在伦理型领导和UPB的关系间起中介作用;特质调节焦点调节了伦理型领导与UPB之间的倒U型关系。  相似文献   

象山地区中国对虾白斑综合征病毒超微结构观察     

邓岳松  许梓荣  夏枚生  鲁兴萌 《科技通报》2003,19(4):327-329

从患病的中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)头胸部分离提纯出一种杆状病毒,负染观察发现,病毒粒子的核衣壳呈杆状,大小约为(250～290) nm × (65～80) nm,每圈螺旋宽约20 nm,核衣壳的两个末端之间一般有13～15圈衣壳螺旋.个别病毒有较长的核衣壳,螺旋数达30圈,长度达到600 nm.有部分病毒核衣壳的一端有30～65 nm的凹陷.还有部分病毒核衣壳一端有30～60 nm的突出部分.  相似文献   

非人灵长类模型          下载免费PDF全文

胡新天  仇子龙  顾勇  龚能  孙强 《中国科学院院刊》2016,31(7):773-782

全球有近10亿脑疾病患者,每年约带来经济负担1万亿美元。目前,绝大部分脑疾病尚无有效治疗方法。因此,脑疾病机理研究和新药开发十分迫切。由于进化上相近,非人灵长类的脑在结构、功能活动等多方面与人类高度相似。因此,相对于其他实验动物,非人灵长类具有解决人类问题,特别是脑相关问题的独特优势。它们除了是研究人类正常脑高级功能的关键实验动物外,还是最好的研究脑疾病机理和治疗方法的模型动物。中国不但有丰富的非人灵长类资源,而且在猕猴建模方面有很好的积累,尤其在转基因疾病猕猴模型创建方面,目前处于世界领先的地位。文章分析了脑疾病领域的国家战略需求,总结了国内外非人灵长类的应用情况,以及国内非人灵长类模型现状。在此基础上,对我国非人灵长类模型领域下一步发展的重点提出了建议。  相似文献   

空袭综合征及其预防     

周运浓 《荆州师范学院学报》2006,29(4):97-100

空袭综合征是现代战争中必然产生的心理现象，对战争胜负具有重大影响。它是一定的生理病症和心理病症的结构性反应。其预防措施主要是制订现代空防战略，建立强大的空军；加强人民防空设施；构筑强有力的军民心理防御机制等。  相似文献   

桥梁中预应力混凝土简支梁病害防治措施     

杜勇 《长江工程职业技术学院学报》2019,36(2):5-8

桥梁工程建设规模逐渐扩大,在我国交通运输中发挥了基础性的作用。由于设计与施工方面还存在着一定的弊端与不足,导致桥梁出现病害问题逐渐严重,制约着桥梁在交通运输中作用的发挥,甚至威胁到人们的生命财产安全。由于预应力简支梁在新建桥梁中占据了很大的比例,因此,其病害防治工程愈发凸显重要。对预应力简支梁病害进行了分析、分类,并提出相应的防治措施,作为今后预应力简支梁施工、维护的基本依据。  相似文献