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杨涛 《体育科研》2019,(5):29-35
对完成2016年北京马拉松、上海国际马拉松的258名男性业余选手赛前1周内进行训练学特征问卷和体能测试,将规定时间完成比赛且赛后1周完成伤病排查随访者193人纳入研究。根据2018年新增分级标准:A组118人、B组65人、C组10人。结果显示,周训练平均配速3组间均存在显著差异[A组(9.6±3.4) km/h、B组(11.8±4.0) km/h、C组(13.7±6.4) km/h];安排抗阻训练A组(56.2%)与B组 (66.2%)和C组(70.7%)存在显著差异;安排间歇训练3组间均存在显著差异(A组40.6%、B组 50.2%、C组69.8%)(P<0.05);单腿跳相对值和单腿跳对称性A组(78.53%±12.43%、73%±13%)与B组(85.37%±12.80%、81%±14%)、C组(91.70%±11.43%、87%±12%)间存在显著差异;卷腹次数C组(61.00±62.27)次与A组(24.90±27.91)次、B组(35.95±26.40)次间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。表明不同级别业余马拉松选手的主要训练差异为抗阻训练和间歇训练的参与度,与成绩相关的肌力特征指标有单脚跳相对值、单脚跳对称性和卷腹次数,下肢刚度未见差异。  相似文献   
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The use of multi-segment trunk models to investigate the crunch factor in golf may be warranted. The first aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the trunk and lower trunk for crunch factor-related variables (trunk lateral bending and trunk axial rotation velocity). The second aim was to determine the level of association between crunch factor-related variables with swing (clubhead velocity) and launch (launch angle). Thirty-five high-level amateur male golfers (Mean ± SD: age = 23.8 ± 2.1 years, registered golfing handicap = 5 ± 1.9) without low back pain had kinematic data collected from their golf swing using a 10-camera motion analysis system operating at 500 Hz. Clubhead velocity and launch angle were collected using a validated real-time launch monitor. A positive relationship was found between the trunk and lower trunk for axial rotation velocity (r(35) = .47, < .01). Cross-correlation analysis revealed a strong coupling relationship for the crunch factor (R2 = 0.98) between the trunk and lower trunk. Using generalised linear model analysis, it was evident that faster clubhead velocities and lower launch angles of the golf ball were related to reduced lateral bending of the lower trunk.  相似文献   
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits and limitations of using three dimensional (3D) musculoskeletal modelling (LifeModelerTM) in assessing the safety and efficacy of exercising on an abdominal crunch resistance training machine. Three anthropometric cases were studied, representing a 5th percentile female, and 50th percentile and 95th percentile male. Results indicated that the LifeModelerTM default model was capable of solving the forward dynamics simulations without adjustments. The modelling was able to indicate high risk for back injury when performing the abdominal crunch exercise as a result of the unacceptable intervertebral joint loading that occurs during the exercise. Individuals with small anthropometric dimensions such as some females and children cannot be accommodated suitably on the abdominal crunch machine which negatively impacts exercise posture and technique. Hip flexor muscle contribution in the execution of the exercise for the 5th percentile female was substantial thus reducing the efficacy of the exercise in isolating the abdominal muscles.  相似文献   
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美国次级抵押贷款市场危机近来成为各界关注的焦点。文章从探究美国次贷危机的源头入手分析其形成原因,理清次贷危机被过度放大的环节所在,进而认为近期金融市场的动荡和流动性不足主要是市场的恐慌情绪和投资者避险行为的结果,文章最后指出次贷危机对我国房贷市场的启示。  相似文献   
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