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1.
[目的/意义]面向发展情报,未来的情报工作可能面临解决多维目标问题,以及实现每个目标的多重发展路径的选取问题,传统的情报方法在解决多情报并行问题上无法满足大规模人力需求,需要借助人工智能、脑科学、认知技术等手段,通过计算机来计算情报、辅助决策。文章从量化计算对科学研究的重要作用入手,分析计算情报的重要意义。[方法/过程]将计算情报界定为以计算机的"运算能力(大数据)"为经,"计算思维(人工智能)"为纬进行情报的量化分析和判断,针对计算情报面临的挑战与机遇进行了分析;提出实现计算情报的两个前提和一个转化基本思路,两个前提是大数据环境和人工智能技术,一个转化是将情报活动中的过程性的主观决策转化为客观概率上的不确定性,并通过"证据链模型"探索计算情报的实现途径。[结果/结论]认为当前环境下,计算情报是可能实现的。计算情报的实现不仅需要情报与信息技术、人工智能技术融合,还需要应用以数学理论为代表的基础科学理论。  相似文献   
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张熠  耿冰倩  张翼 《现代情报》2019,39(8):73-83
[目的/意义]构建基于用户体验视角的学术虚拟社区评价指标体系,既有利于提升学术虚拟社区的知识服务水平,也有利于提高其影响力与竞争力,对于学术虚拟社区的持续健康发展具有重要意义。[方法/过程]本文从用户体验视角出发,以D-S证据理论为基础,运用D-S证据合成方法,构建用户体验视角下学术虚拟社区评价指标体系,并计算各级指标的权重系数。[结果/结论]最终得到包含8个一级指标和24个二级指标的学术虚拟社区评价指标体系。其中,可靠性权重为0.2568,易用性权重为0.0625,规范性权重为0.0407,互动性权重为0.0888,关怀性权重为0.1176,丰富性权重为0.0322,有用性权重为0.1784,时效性权重为0.2230。最后以小木虫为例进行了评价分析。  相似文献   
3.
孙琳 《现代情报》2018,38(10):65
[目的/意义]产品情报的有效获取能够帮助企业及时掌握市场动态及竞争态势,并有利于提升产品竞争力。对产品情报及其知识需求呈现跨领域、跨行业、多主体的综合性及深度挖掘商业价值的迫切性。[方法/过程]构建细粒度的产品情报知识元模型,通过基于证据理论的多属性融合过程,实现产品情报知识元属性集与关系集描述空间的扩展以及知识元属性关系网络的生成。[结果/结论]实例研究从业务和竞争力两个视角,实现产品情报知识元属性集的融合与深加工,为产品情报的隐性关联知识发现提供相对完备的知识基础。证明了基于证据理论的多属性融合方法对产品情报知识元融合的可行性和有效性。  相似文献   
4.
ABSTRACT

We discuss democratizing knowledge production and dissemination in education illustrated in two parts that challenge the current knowledge monopoly. Our discourse includes (a) problematic cultivation of the status quo in the hierarchy of knowledge value in the U.S. as a component of civic illiteracy and (b) the need for more evidence through developing practice-based research evidence as a counter to the fixation with evidence-based practice in education. We point out a cultivated state of complacency with regard to the societal expectations of the roles of educational practitioners in the U.S. and discuss developing a new status of practitioner research for knowledge democracy. A virtual space for mentoring practitioner researchers with a goal to help them produce and disseminate their research was included as an example of knowledge democracy.  相似文献   
5.
ABSTRACT

Effect size is the basis of much evidence-based education policymaking. In particular, it is assumed to measure the educational effectiveness of interventions. Policy is being driven by the influential work of John Hattie, the Education Endowment Foundation, and others, which is grounded in this assumption. This article demonstrates the assumption is false and notes that, when criticized, proponents either attempt to inoculate themselves by listing (without checking) assumptions or use the specious reasoning that, however flawed their argument, no-one has disproved their conclusions.  相似文献   
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ABSTRACT

This paper discusses, compares, and contrasts 4 different models for bringing evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) into practice and into practical reasoning. I look at what questions the models can and cannot answer, what role they accord to RCT evidence, and what their possible attraction for practitioners might be. The models are those of Philip Davies, Nancy Cartwright, Stephen Toulmin, and Harald Grimen. The first 2 are constructed for the purpose of using evidence in practice, the 3rd is an adapted argumentation model, and the 4th is based on phronesis and represents an alternative to evidence-based education. It is argued that of these, Toulmin’s model has the narrative qualities that make it the most usable and practitioner-friendly model.  相似文献   
8.
侯景丽 《图书情报工作》2018,62(22):133-138
[目的/意义] 循证采购模式以用户为导向、以数据为基础,辅以图书馆的专业分析,有利于图书馆馆藏的优化发展,因此对图书馆循证采购模式的实践研究具有重要的参考意义。[方法/过程] 介绍美国两个图书馆联盟电子图书和多媒体资源的循证采购实践情况,包括操作方式、操作流程和实践结果,并对项目的共性问题进行分析。[结果/结论] 图书馆开展循证采购模式需做好数据准备工作、适当的宣传推广、选择适合的资源供应商、提出准确完善的使用量统计需求,并结合多重证据进行决策。同时提出我国图书馆的EBA模式发展思路。  相似文献   
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10.
This article is the fourth in a series on New Directions. The National Health Service is under pressure, challenged to meet the needs of an ageing population, whilst striving to improve standards and ensure decision making is underpinned by evidence. Health Education England is steering a new course for NHS library and knowledge services in England to ensure access to knowledge and evidence for all decision makers. Knowledge for Healthcare calls for service transformation, role redesign, greater coordination and collaboration. To meet user expectations, health libraries must achieve sustainable, affordable access to digital content. Traditional tasks will progressively become mechanised. Alongside supporting learners, NHS librarians and knowledge specialists will take a greater role as knowledge brokers, delivering business critical services. They will support the NHS workforce to signpost patients and the public to high‐quality information. There is a need for greater efficiency and effectiveness through greater co‐operation and service mergers. Evaluation of service quality will focus more on outcomes, less on counting. These changes require an agile workforce, fit for the future. There is a bright future in which librarians’ expertise is used to mobilise evidence, manage and share knowledge, support patients, carers and families, optimise technology and social media and provide a keystone for improved patient care and safety.  相似文献   
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