中国足球超级联赛U23新政何以有效?——基于“足协-俱乐部”的博弈     

花楷  刘晓宇  胡凯  隆丽珊 《武汉体育学院学报》2020,54(8):72-80

中超联赛自2017赛季推出U23新政以来备受争议。在"上有政策下有对策"的非合作博弈下，U23新政如何才能实现政策初衷?该文首次采用不完全信息静态博弈模型分析了U23新政下足协与俱乐部的博弈均衡。研究表明：（1）足协推行新政的最优概率为俱乐部采取积极策略给足协带来的净收益与消极策略带来的净收益之比，实质上取决于俱乐部的遵从度。（2）在缺乏讨价还价权时，俱乐部对新政采取消极应对策略是为了减少净损失。俱乐部积极应对的最优概率为消极应对的净损失占其与积极应对的加成即期收益损失之和的比值，实为两害相权取其轻。为激励俱乐部采取积极策略，应降低俱乐部消极应对策略的净收益或积极应对策略的加成即期收益。（3）提高U23新政有效性的治标之策是减少U23政策对中下游球队的冲击，实行有差别的U23政策；对U23球员上场时间低于均值的俱乐部，实行等额或超额递减分成机制。治本之策是培育一个可预期、可持续、可盈利的足球市场，俱乐部能够内生出建立百年基业的长效机制；继续深化足协的去行政化改革，使之向完全社团法人转型。  相似文献   

基于博弈论的海上交通事故案例推理方法及应用     

闫长健  孙世虎 《上海海事大学学报》2021,42(2):75-80

为有效积累和挖掘海上交通事故案例蕴含的宝贵经验和知识,提出一种基于博弈论的海上交通事故案例推理方法。从大量海上交通事故历史案例中提取案例特征构建特征指标集,采用偏好比率法和熵值法分别确定指标主观权重和客观权重,采用博弈论得到综合权重;根据案例特征数据类型,定义不同的指标相似度计算方法,利用灰色关联分析法筛选初始案例组成案例库;结合指标综合权重,构建海上交通事故案例相似度计算模型,进而从案例库中检索出与目标案例相似度最高的案例。通过对海上交通事故应急物资需求的预测,验证了模型的可靠性和适应性,可为海上交通事故发生后的应急决策提供一定的理论参考。  相似文献   

What factors promote student resilience on a level 1 distance learning module?     

Joan Simons  Kythe Beaumont  Lesley Holland 《Open Learning》2018,33(1):4-17

Resilience is understood to be the ability to adapt positively in the face of adversity. In relation to new students on a distance learning module, this can mean how they adapt and make sense of the demands of their chosen study to enable them to persist in their studies. This article reports a small-scale study involving semi-structured telephone interviews with students on a level 1 distance learning module at the UK Open University. Students identified the challenges they experienced such as carving out time to study alongside other commitments, as well as developing their academic writing. Students also identified factors that enabled them to adapt to these challenges and be successful in continuing to study. Students rated highly the support they received from tutors in the form of tailored, detailed feedback on their assignments. Other factors that enabled students to persist in their studies were time management, self-belief and motivation.  相似文献   

ActivPAL™ determined sedentary behaviour,physical activity and academic achievement in college students     

Mireia Felez-Nobrega  Charles H. Hillman  Kieran P. Dowd  Eva Cirera  Anna Puig-Ribera 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(20):2311-2316

The aim of this study was to examine relationships between activPAL?-determined sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) with academic achievement. A total of 120 undergraduates (N = 57 female; 20.6 ± 2.3 years) participated in the study. Academic achievement was measured as the grade point average obtained from all completed courses. Participants wore on the right tight an activPAL? for 7 days to determine total sedentary time, total number of sedentary breaks, sedentary bouts, standing time, light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Separate multiple linear regression models were performed to examine associations between SB variables and academic achievement. Light PA, MVPA, total sedentary time, total standing time, or total number of sedentary breaks were not related to academic achievement. Independently of PA, the amount of time spent in sedentary bouts of 10-20min during weekdays was positively related to academic achievement. Given that college students spend the majority of their workday in environments that encourage prolonged sitting, these data suggest that interruptions in prolonged periods of sitting time every 10-20min via short breaks may optimize cognitive operations associated with academic performance.  相似文献   

基于多系数保角变换法的船舶垂荡纵摇运动仿真     

张腾  任俊生  范小晴  张秀凤 《上海海事大学学报》2019,40(3):51-56

为给航海模拟器建立实用可靠的船舶在波浪中运动的数学模型,基于二维线性势流理论,采用多系数保角变换法对每个船舶横剖面进行高精度拟合,计算各个横剖面的水动力系数和波浪激励力,利用Visual Studio自主开发出船舶在规则波中的纵向运动数值模拟程序。为验证这个数值模拟程序的可靠性,对S175集装箱船在迎浪中运动的幅值响应因子(response amplitude operator, RAO)进行数值计算。结果表明:当弗劳德数为0.275时,RAO计算结果在大部分频率范围内与试验结果吻合良好。因此,这个数值模拟程序能准确地对船舶在波浪中的运动时历进行仿真。  相似文献   

短道速滑个人项目体力分配策略研究          下载免费PDF全文

袁国庆  李文敏  黄佳儒  杨扬  郭立涛  朱永博 《体育科研》2019,(3):2-7

目的：探析短道速滑个人项目两届冬奥会及冬奥会与世锦赛体力分配策略规律差异。方法：收集整理索契、平昌冬奥会，以及2014—2017年世锦赛短道速滑个人项目相关数据，分析单圈用时、肯德尔相关系数。结果：（1）冬奥会各单项单圈用时不同程度地少于世锦赛，平昌不同程度地少于索契；（2）除2016世锦赛500 m，其他赛事均全程具有显著相关（P＜0.05）；（3）除索契冬奥会女子1 000 m，其他赛事均较早出现显著相关（P＜0.05），平昌冬奥会男子与女子均在第7、8圈为高相关（r≥0.70）；（4）平昌冬奥会1 500 m男子第12、13圈，女子第13圈为高相关（r≥0.70），两者均从第9圈开始出现显著相关（P＜0.05）。结论：500 m出发位置尤为重要，高速滑行中稳固站位能力需求突出，冬奥会中对全程维持速度能力的要求逐步提高；冬奥会1 000 m与1 500 m比赛争夺有利位置战术的实施位置较以往更为靠后。  相似文献   

The influence of an afternoon nap on the endurance performance of trained runners     

Anthony W. Blanchfield  Tammy M. Lewis-Jones  James R. Wignall  James B. Roberts 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(9):1177-1184

The effectiveness of a nap as a recovery strategy for endurance exercise is unknown and therefore the present study investigated the effect of napping on endurance exercise performance. Eleven trained male runners completed this randomised crossover study. On two occasions, runners completed treadmill running for 30?min at 75% ?O_2max in the morning, returning that evening to run for 20?min at 60% ?O_2max, and then to exhaustion at 90% ?O_2max. On one trial, runners had an afternoon nap approximately 90?min before the evening exercise (NAP) whilst on the other, runners did not (CON). All runners napped (20?±?10?min), but time to exhaustion (TTE) was not improved in all runners (NAP 596?±?148?s vs. CON 589?±?216?s, P?=?.83). Runners that improved TTE after the nap slept less at night than those that did not improve TTE (night-time sleep 6.4?±?0.7?h vs. 7.5?±?0.4?h, P?r^{2 ?} =??0.76, P?=?.001). In runners that improved TTE, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were lower during the TTE on NAP than CON compared to runners that did not improve (?0.4?±?0.6 vs. 0?±?0, P?=?.05). Reduced exercising sense of effort (RPE) may account for the improved TTE after the nap. In conclusion, a short afternoon nap improves endurance performance in runners that obtain less than 7?h night-time sleep.  相似文献   

集群供应链知识共享行为演化博弈分析     

王永明  鲍计炜 《科技管理研究》2019,39(4)

集群供应链是产业集群背景下新兴的供应链模式,对区域经济的发展具有重要意义。知识作为企业的核心生产资料,是影响供应链整体运作效率的重要因素之一。为了促进区域经济和地方产业的发展,对集群供应链知识共享行为进行了研究。本文运用演化博弈论建立了集群供应链中横向企业间知识共享行为演化博弈模型,分析了集群供应链知识共享行为的演化路径和影响知识共享行为的企业特质。研究结果表明：集群供应链知识共享行为主要受共享成本、共享风险、边际效益,知识吸收能力,知识共享量,激励系数和惩罚系数7个企业特质的影响；降低共享成本和风险,提高边际效益、知识吸收能力和知识共享量,引进激励和惩罚机制能够提升集群供应链中企业选择进行知识共享的意愿。  相似文献   

随机因素干扰下协同创新系统知识共享策略研究     

王庆金  袁壮  蒋天峰 《科技管理研究》2019,39(10)

本文考虑随机因素干扰的情形下,运用HJB方程和动态规划方法分别求解Nash非合作博弈和协同创新博弈模型下大学与企业的知识共享策略。结果表明：(1)两种博弈情形下,知识共享的成本越高,共享的知识量越少,知识共享边际收益越高；(2)协同创新博弈模式下的知识共享量、系统总收益均高于Nash非合作博弈,更易于达到Pareto最优,即推动产学研协同创新有助于提升系统总收益；(3)在合作情形下,大学与企业的决策目标定位于整体收益最大化,使得双方在知识共享努力程度与整体收益情况均优于Nash非合作博弈,在对知识共享行为有效协调下,合作策略是大学与企业构建协同创新系统,促进系统内知识共享的最优选择。  相似文献   

异质设计动机下的股权激励对产品创新能力的影响          下载免费PDF全文

杨慧辉  徐佳琳  潘飞  马二强 《科研管理》2018,39(10):1-11

在厘清股权激励对企业产品创新行为影响机理的基础上，本文采用案例研究方法，分析控股股东与管理层权力博弈结果对股权激励动机的影响，以及不同的股权激励设计动机对企业的产品创新行为的异质影响。研究发现，管理层权力主导和控股股东权力主导所造成的内部人控制问题，会使得股权激励沦为内部人谋取私有收益的工具，缩减提升公司竞争能力和可持续发展能力但风险高、周期长的产品创新的投入，进而削弱产品创新的成果转化能力。只有在控股股东发挥积极监督治理的环境中实施的股权激励才具备提升创新投入和产出成果转化能力的作用。  相似文献