乒乓球运动员膝关节损伤机制研究——对3种常用步法的膝关节负荷特征分析     

周星栋  肖丹丹  郭文霞  黄习梅  张晓栋 《中国体育科技》2020,(6):62-67

目的:了解不同性别乒乓球运动员完成并步、跳步、跨步3种常用步法时膝关节的负荷特征,并探析乒乓球运动员膝关节的损伤机制。方法:对乒乓球男、女各10名运动员完成3种常用步法动作时的下肢运动学、动力学数据进行采集和处理,并运用方差分析法比较不同性别、不同技术之间的差异。结果:受试者在完成3种步法过程中,膝关节屈角大致范围在20°~60°。当地面反作用力最大时,女运动员比男运动员表现出更小的外展角(P<0.05),跳步比并步和跨步表现出更小的外展角(P<0.05);在三维受力方面,膝关节受到垂直方向上的力最大,水平向后和向左的力次之,未表现出显著的性别差异和技术差异;在三维力矩方面,膝关节受到的伸膝力矩较大,也未表现出显著的性别差异和技术差异。结论:膝关节屈曲状态下,较大的地面反作用力和膝关节外展角易导致乒乓球运动员前交叉韧带损伤,女运动员的损伤风险小于男运动员,跳步的损伤风险小于并步和跨步;水平向后和向左的力易造成乒乓球运动员软骨和半月板损伤;过大的伸膝力矩易导致乒乓球运动员髌腱末端病和髌骨软化。  相似文献   

锻炼与针刺组合对退行性膝关节炎微循环血流灌注量的影响     

李雪莹  程志新 《武汉体育学院学报》2019,53(1):98-100

目的：锻炼与针刺组合对退行性膝关节炎微循环血流灌注量的影响。方法：研究对象40例随机分为2组，分别是针刺组（单纯针刺）和锻炼组（站桩与针刺组合），对其实验前后疼痛程度（VAS）、微循环血流灌注量（MBPU）及皮肤温度的变化进行检测分析。结果：两组实验后，VAS评分明显降低（P<0.01），锻炼组优于针刺组（P<0.05）；MBPU降低（P<0.01），锻炼组优于针刺组（P<0.05）；局部温度明显提高（P<0.05）。结论：锻炼与针刺组合可以明显缓解退行性膝关节炎的疼痛症状，降低局部微循环血流灌注量，提高皮肤温度；优于单纯针刺疗法。  相似文献   

Corticospinal changes induced by fatiguing eccentric versus concentric exercise     

Yoann M. Garnier  Christos Paizis  Romuald Lepers 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(2):166-176

The present study assessed neuromuscular and corticospinal changes during and after a fatiguing submaximal exercise of the knee extensors in different modes of muscle contraction. Twelve subjects performed two knee extensors exercises in a concentric or eccentric mode, at the same torque and with a similar total impulse. Exercises consisted of 10 sets of 10 repetitions at an intensity of 80% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque (MVIC). MVIC, maximal voluntary activation level (VAL) and responses of electrically evoked contractions of the knee extensors were assessed before and after exercise. Motor evoked potential amplitude (MEP) and cortical silent period (CSP) of the vastus medialis (VM) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles were assessed before, during and after exercise. Similar reductions of the MVIC (?13%), VAL (?12%) and a decrease in the peak twitch (?12%) were observed after both exercises. For both VM and RF muscles, MEP amplitude remained unchanged during either concentric or eccentric exercises. No change of the MEP amplitude input–output curves was observed post-exercise. For the RF muscle, CSP increased during the concentric exercise and remained lengthened after this exercise. For the VM muscle, CSP was reduced after the eccentric exercise only. For a similar amount of total impulse, concentric and eccentric knee extensor contractions led to similar exercise-induced neuromuscular response changes. For the two muscles investigated, no modulation of corticospinal excitability was observed during or after either concentric or eccentric exercises. However, intracortical inhibition showed significant modulations during and after exercise.  相似文献   

谈武术教学中的膝关节损伤及预防措施与治疗方法          下载免费PDF全文

张继华  王华 《惠州学院学报》2002,22(3):126-128

本文对武术教学中膝关节损伤(骨骼劳损) 的病发原理、损伤原因、诊断、治疗方法以及预防措施等,进行了较为全面的论述。以引起武术教学工作者和学主足够重视.  相似文献   

Effects of changing speed on knee and ankle joint load during walking and running     

Ana Cristina de David  Felipe Pivetta Carpes  Darren Stefanyshyn 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(4):391-397

Joint moments can be used as an indicator of joint loading and have potential application for sports performance and injury prevention. The effects of changing walking and running speeds on joint moments for the different planes of motion still are debatable. Here, we compared knee and ankle moments during walking and running at different speeds. Data were collected from 11 recreational male runners to determine knee and ankle joint moments during different conditions. Conditions include walking at a comfortable speed (self-selected pacing), fast walking (fastest speed possible), slow running (speed corresponding to 30% slower than running) and running (at 4 m · s^?1 ± 10%). A different joint moment pattern was observed between walking and running. We observed a general increase in joint load for sagittal and frontal planes as speed increased, while the effects of speed were not clear in the transverse plane moments. Although differences tend to be more pronounced when gait changed from walking to running, the peak moments, in general, increased when speed increased from comfortable walking to fast walking and from slow running to running mainly in the sagittal and frontal planes. Knee flexion moment was higher in walking than in running due to larger knee extension. Results suggest caution when recommending walking over running in an attempt to reduce knee joint loading. The different effects of speed increments during walking and running should be considered with regard to the prevention of injuries and for rehabilitation purposes.  相似文献   

跆拳道后旋踢技术动作的运动学特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

杨小芳 《河北体育学院学报》2016,30(3):81-85

采用三维高速摄像技术和运动生物力学原理,对后旋踢技术身体重心移动、动作所用时间、踝关节角度、膝关节角度和髋关节角度的运动学特征进行比较分析,得出结论:踢击腿在离地瞬间身体重心要快速向回旋方向移动;踢击腿膝关节最大程度弯曲,以缩短动作时间、加快踢击速度;踢击腿髋关节只有最大程度地弯曲,弯曲的膝关节才能快速展开;踢击腿的髋关节最大程度弯曲再打开时,踝关节能快速鞭打;支撑腿弯曲后在踢击腿踢出的瞬间,髋关节开始伸展,将对打击高度产生影响;踢击腿膝关节和髋关节最大程度弯曲时能增加击打力度.  相似文献   

青少年击剑运动员膝关节屈伸肌群等速肌力测试分析     

宣磊  江海魁 《安徽体育科技》2011,(5):50-53

运用文献资料法、实验法、数据统计法,对安徽省击剑队青少年运动员下肢膝关节屈伸肌群等速肌力进行分析研究,客观评价青少年与成年击剑运动员在下肢膝关节屈伸肌群力量特征方面存在的差异,同时为青少年击剑专项力量训练提供理论依据和针对性建议。  相似文献   

大学排球专选课学生膝关节损伤的调查和分析——以山西大学体育学院为例     

王丹丹 《搏击·武术科学》2011,(2):86-88

排球运动由于本身的竞技与技术特点,在训练、比赛、教学中非常容易造成损伤。文章运用文献资料发、问卷调查法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,对山西大学体育学院排球专选课学生膝关节损伤的状况进行调查分析,同时提出预防膝关节损伤的措施,以期为防治排球教学过程中的膝关节损伤提供参考依据。  相似文献   

从第65届美国运动医学年会看全身震动对健康促进研究的影响     

王明伟  吴香芝  李立 《北京体育大学学报》2018,41(8):77-83

摘要：依据2018年第65届美国运动学会（ACSM）学术年会、第9届“Exercise is Medicine（EIM）”世界大会内容,查阅相关文献资料,以EIM为基础,重点阐述2018年ACSM年会中5篇全身震动（WBV）交流论文及与其相关的WBV干预的研究现状。这些研究前沿和研究现状对进一步开展WBV健身效果的研究带来新启示和思路。研究认为,WBV能改善老年人姿势平衡、降低跌倒风险、增加身体功能和体成分、增进心血管系统和骨关节炎的神经肌肉表现等。WBV对健康促进效果显著。同时,也应该注意到,长期WBV干预对心血管系统健康和神经肌肉系统改善的影响仍不清楚,WBV干预与膝关节屈膝不同角度干预的积极效果间的相关性应进一步综合评定。需要深入开展涵盖下肢肌力、身体功能和体成分、姿势平衡和膝关节屈膝不同程度在内的系统的WBV评估体系构建,藉此使WBV健身手段获得正确评估,为WBV广泛开展提供更多科学依据。  相似文献   

对巩立姣伦敦奥运会最好成绩的 推铅球滑步技术的运动学分析          下载免费PDF全文

崔冬雪 《河北体育学院学报》2018,32(3):80-86

采用Dartfish解析法,选取角度、高度、距离等指标,对巩立姣在2012年伦敦奥运会上最好成绩2022 m的推铅球滑步技术进行运动学分析,并与新西兰选手ADAMS Valerie进行比较,指出：巩立姣在团身动作阶段,右腿屈膝程度小,呈现躯干下潜、臀高肩低的姿态;在背向滑步右脚离地瞬间,左腿摆动过高,重心向投掷方向移动不充分、躯干起伏较大;在右脚着地瞬间,滑步距离较短、左侧肢体的回扣松散,超越器械幅度小;在左脚着地瞬间,左脚落于投掷中线上,两脚间左右距离过小、前后距离过大,超越器械不充分。针对以上问题,提出改善建议,为其今后技术训练和水平提升提供参考。  相似文献