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排序方式: 共有489条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
长期以来,医学高校的营养与食品卫生学教学,尤其是临床营养教学存在理论和实践脱节的问题。文章通过原因分析,借助现有教学经验,把基于互联网平台应用的启发式与参与式教学模式融入临床营养教学实践,为培养营养与食品卫生学专业的复合型人才提供新的思路。  相似文献   
2.
Abstract

Carnosine was originally discovered in skeletal muscle, where it exists in larger amounts than in other tissues. The majority of research into the physiological roles of carnosine have been conducted on skeletal muscle. Given this and the potential for muscle carnosine content to be increased with supplementation, there is now a large body of research examining the ergogenic effects (or otherwise) of carnosine. More recent research, however, points towards a potential for carnosine to exert a wider range of physiological effects in other tissues, including the brain, heart, pancreas, kidney and cancer cells. Taken together, this is suggestive of a potential for carnosine to have therapeutic benefits in health and disease, although this is by no means without complication. Herein, we will provide a review of the current literature relating to the potential therapeutic effects of carnosine in health and disease.  相似文献   
3.
ABSTRACT

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine differences in body compositionn between playing standard and age in male rugby union and rugby league athletes. The MOOSE (Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines for design, implementation, and reporting were followed. Studies were required to be in male rugby union or league and have body composition as the primary or secondary outcome. Data was required to be presented separately for positional groups and body composition presented as whole-body. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and CINHAHL via EBSCOhost. 57 studies were included for meta-analysis. Results highlighted significantly higher fat-free mass in senior elite than senior sub-elite or junior elite athletes for all RU and RL forwards. Small and non-significant differences were found in fat mass between rugby union playing standards and age categories. Rugby league senior elite forwards had less fat mass than junior elite forwards. Practitioners should prioritise training and nutritional strategies that maximise fat-free mass development, especially in junior elite cohorts.  相似文献   
4.
ABSTRACT

The systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of aerobic, resistance and combined exercise on RMR (kCal·day-1) and performed a methodological assessment of indirect calorimetry protocols within the included studies. Subgroup analyses included energy/diet restriction and body composition changes. Randomized control trials (RCTs), quasi – RCTs and cohort trials featuring a physical activity intervention of any form and duration excluding single exercise bouts were included. Participant exclusions included medical conditions impacting upon RMR, the elderly (≥65 years of age) or pregnant, lactating or post-menopausal women. The review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD 42,017,058,503). 1669 articles were identified; 22 were included in the qualitative analysis and 18 were meta-analysed. Exercise interventions (aerobic and resistance exercise combined) did not increase resting metabolic rate (mean difference (MD): 74.6 kCal·day-1[95% CI: ?13.01, 161.33], P = 0.10). While there was no effect of aerobic exercise on RMR (MD: 81.65 kCal·day-1[95% CI: ?57.81, 221.10], P = 0.25), resistance exercise increased RMR compared to controls (MD: 96.17 kCal·day-1[95% CI: 45.17, 147.16], P = 0.0002). This systematic review effectively synthesises the effect of exercise interventions on RMR in comparison to controls; despite heterogenous methodologies and high risk of bias within included studies.  相似文献   
5.
为了进一步提高大学生的身体素质,根据以人为本的理念,提出了构建大学生群体膳食营养保障体系的措施。认为食品安全是构建该体系的基本保障,提出了实施食品安全的基本手段和办法,并在此基础上提出了提高大学生身体素质的具体措施和建议。  相似文献   
6.
摘要:心血管疾病(CVD)一直是全世界最主要的死因。由于CVD等慢性疾病对健康的威胁越来越大,有必要开展生活方式干预项目以控制这些疾病的危险因素。本研究的目的是评估美国的重要慢病干预项目—HELPS治疗型生活方式改变(TLC)项目对减少CVD危险因素和其他慢性疾病的有效性。方法:140位大学教职工参加为期12周的HELPS TLC项目,干预前后用配对t检验对其体重、BMI、腰围(WC)、6分钟步行距离(6MWD)、空腹血脂和血糖进行测定和比较。结果:干预后6MWD显著增加,总胆固醇(TC)和WC显著下降。对“高危”参与者进一步分析显示:BMI(-1.5±0.5,-3.9%)、TC(- 22.8±4.0,-9.0%)、LDL(- 14.1±4.9,9.3%)和血糖(-6.9±2.2,-6.1%)均显著下降;男性腰围(-4.5±0.8,-10%)显著减小,女性未见显著改变(-1.5±0.5,-4.0%)。此外,体重的变化与TC(r=0.43)、LDL(r=0.35)和血糖(r=0.44)的变化均显著相关。结论:参加12周的生活方式干预项目可以使CVD危险因素减少,特别是在CVD“高危”个体中。HELPS TLC项目的远期效果还待进一步深入研究。  相似文献   
7.
通过对长沙市2095名小学生进行问卷调查,发现长沙市小学生存在对早餐认识不到位,早餐行为现状令人堪忧,学校早餐营养健康知识教育欠缺等问题。针对这些问题,我们可采取加强小学生早餐营养健康知识教育,培养良好的饮食行为习惯,促进健康饮食;提倡课间加餐,缓解课间饥饿;适当推迟上学时间,预留就餐时间;实施“校园早餐计划”等措施。  相似文献   
8.
ABSTRACT

As the world is witnessing the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019, emerging genetics and clinical pieces of evidence suggest a similar immunopathology to those of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Staying at home to prevent the spread of the virus and consequently being largely inactive is associated with unintended consequences. These can actually enhance the infection risk and exacerbate poor health conditions including impaired immune function. Physical activity is a feasible way of improving health, particularly physical and mental health in a time of social isolation. However, people with certain health conditions in these circumstances may need a special physical activity programme in addition to any exercise they may already be performing via online programmes. This review aims to provide practical guidelines during the COVID-19 quarantine period. We suggest performing aerobic, resistance training, respiratory muscle training and yoga in the healthy, and in those with upper respiratory tract illness, patients with lower respiratory tract illness should be restricted to respiratory muscle training and yoga. In addition, vitamins D and C, omega-3 fatty acids, and regular consumption of fruit and vegetables might be considered as nutritional aids to support the immune system in those affected by COVID-19.  相似文献   
9.
Scarce research has examined the effects of carbohydrate composition on running stride characteristics. On two occasions, 14 males and 6 females completed a 120-min sub-maximal run followed by a 4-mile time trial. Participants consumed glucose (GLU) or glucose–fructose (GLU–FRU) beverages supplying 1.3 g/min carbohydrate. Substrate use, psychological affect [Feeling Scale (FS)], and stride characteristics (stride frequency, stride length, and contact time) were assessed. Effects were expressed as Cohen’s d (90% confidence limits [90% CL]). CLs for stride frequency differences at 53 min (90% CL = 0.04–0.21) and 113 min (90% CL = 0.02–0.24) did not cover 0, indicating a positive effect of GLU–FRU. However, effect sizes were small (d = 0.13) and likely-to-very-likely trivial. Energy expenditure differences at sub-maximal end were very likely trivial (d = 0.08; 90% CL = 0.00–0.17), while FS ratings were possibly higher for GLU–FRU at 50 (d = 0.19; 90% CL = ?0.10–0.48) and 110 min (d = 0.16; 90% CL = ?0.13–0.45). During the time trial, stride length was possibly higher with GLU–FRU (d = 0.13; 90% CL = ?0.08–0.33). Glucose–fructose co-ingestion has no significant effect on stride characteristics during constant-velocity running but may result in slightly higher stride length during self-paced running.  相似文献   
10.
摘要:2015年召开的美国运动医学会(ACSM)年会和第六届“运动是良医”国际会议中,许多学者报告了运动营养的相关研究成果。本文主要依据第62届美国运动医学会年会的论文和相关文献,分析了近年运动营养研究的新进展,包括对已有运动营养补剂功效和机制的重新认识;新的运动营养补剂的应用;食物在提高运动能力中的特殊作用;科学合理膳食方式在促进健康中的作用;运动营养的认知调查;运动营养在生活方式干预中的作用及目前研究中存在的问题和发展趋势。这些研究成果为我们更深入地了解国际运动营养研究的新热点和科学合理地选择营养补剂及通过营养干预促进健康提供了依据。  相似文献   
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