Can sit-to-stand muscle power explain the ability to perform functional tasks in adults with severe obesity?     

Samuel T. Orange  Phil Marshall  Leigh A. Madden  Rebecca V. Vince 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(11):1227-1234

This study examined the relationship between sit-to-stand (STS) power and physical function in adults with severe obesity. Thirty-eight adults (age: 44 ± 12 years; body mass index [BMI]: 45.2 ± 7.8 kg/m²) completed evaluations of STS power, strength and functional performance. STS power was measured with a wearable inertial sensor, strength was assessed with the isometric mid-thigh pull, and function was measured with the timed up-and-go (TUG), six-minute walk test (6MWT) and 30-s chair STS. Power and strength (normalised to body mass) entered regression models in addition to age, gender, BMI and physical activity (daily step count). Power displayed large univariate associations with TUG (r = 0.50) and 30-s chair STS (r = 0.67), and a moderate association with 6MWT (r = 0.49). Forward stepwise regression revealed that power independently contributed to TUG (β = ?0.40, p = 0.010), 30-s chair STS (β = 0.67, p < 0.001) and 6MWT performance (β = 0.27, p = 0.007). Power also appeared to be a superior determinant of function compared with strength. Power generated via the STS transfer largely underpins the ability to perform functional tasks in adults with severe obesity, although intervention studies are required to investigate a potentially causal relationship.  相似文献   

Impact of age on host responses to diet-induced obesity:Development of joint damage and metabolic set points     

Kelsey H.Collins  Graham Z.MacDonald  David A.Hart  Ruth A.Seerattan  Jaqueline L.Rios  Raylene A.Reimer  Walter Herzog 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(2):132-139,197

Background:Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of pain and disability worldwide,and a large percentage of patients with osteoarthritis are individuals who are also obese.In recent years,a series of animal models have demonstrated that obesity-inducing diets can result in synovial joint damage(both with and without the superimposition of trauma),which may be related to changes in percentage of body fat and a series of low-level systemic inflammatory mediators.Of note,there is a disparity between whether the dietary challenges commence at weaning,representing a weanling onset,or at skeletal maturity,representing an adult onset of obesity.We wished to evaluate the effect ofthe dietary exposure time and the age at which animals are exposed to a high-fat and high-sucrose(HFS) diet to determine whether these factors may result in disparate outcomes,as there is evidence suggesting that these factors result in differential metabolic disturbances.Based on dietary exposure time,we hypothesized that rats fed an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning(HFS Weanling) would demonstrate an increase in knee joint damage scores,whereas rats exposed to the HFS diet for 4 weeks,starting at 12 weeks of age(HFS Adult) and rats exposed to a standard chow diet(Chow)would not display an increase in knee joint damage scores.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning(HFS Weanling) or an HFS diet for 4 weeks,starting at 12 weeks of age(HFS Adult).At sacrifice,joints were scored using the modified Mankin Criteria,and serum was analyzed for a defined subset of inflammatory markers(Interleukin-6,leptin,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and tumor necrosis factorα).Results:When the HFS Weanling and HFS Adult groups were compared,both groups had a similar percent of body fat,although the HFS Weanling group had a significantly greater body mass than the HFS Adult group.The HFS Weanling and HFS Adult animals had a significant increase in body mass and percentage of body fat when compared to the Chow group.Although knee joint damage scores were low in all 3 groups,we found,contrary to our hypothesis,that the HFS Adult group had statistically significant greater knee joint damage scores than the Chow and HFS Weanling groups.Furthermore,we observed that the HFS Weanling group did not have significant differences in knee joint damage scores relative to the Chow group.Conclusion:These findings indicate that the HFS Weanling animals were better able to cope with the dietary challenge of an HFS diet than the HFS Adult group.Interestingly,when assessing various serum proinflammatory markers,no significant differences were detected between the HTS Adult and HFS Weanling groups.Although details regarding the mechanisms underlying an increase in knee joint damage scores in the HFS Adult group remain to be elucidated,these findings indicate that dietary exposure time maybe less important than the age at which an HFS diet is introduced.Moreover,increases in serum proinflammatory mediators do not appear to be directly linked to knee joint damage scores in the HFS Weanling group animals but may be partially responsible for the observed knee joint damage in the adults over the very short time of exposure to the HFS diet.  相似文献   

Effect of a randomised 12-week resistance training programme on muscular strength,cross-sectional area and muscle quality in women having undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass     

Paul Daniels  Timothy A. Brusseau  Morgan S. Hall  Lance Davidson  Ted D. Adams 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(5):529-535

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 12-week resistance training programme on fat-free mass (FFM), muscle cross-sectional area, muscular strength and muscle quality in women who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Participants were 16 women (mean age = 44.9 ± 10.2 years) from bariatric surgical groups who were randomly assigned into either a control or an intervention group. Air displacement plethysmography measured FFM and magnetic resonance imaging measured quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area and whole thigh muscle cross-sectional area. Muscular strength and quality was assessed using an estimated 1-Repetition Maximum assessment. All measurements were collected twice, at baseline and at a 12-week follow-up. There were significantly greater improvements in leg press strength (mean differences = 55.4%, P < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 2.4), leg extension strength (mean differences = 18.0%, P = 0.014, Cohen’s d = 0.86) and leg press muscle quality (mean differences = 54.5%, P < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.9) in the intervention group compared to the control group following the resistance training programme. The resistance training intervention significantly improved muscular strength and quality; however, it did not illicit changes in FFM or muscle cross-sectional area in women who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.  相似文献   

Dietary restriction (DR) and its advantages     

M. N. Astagimath  Shrinivas B. Rao 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2004,19(1):1-5

Dietary restriction (DR) also called dietary control or calorie restriction is reported to have many advantages with regard to human health. It leads to suppression of obesity, mitigates free radicals and increases available antioxidants which are accounted for extending the life span of individuals. DR is also reported to induce synthesis of heat shock proteins in animals as a control mechanism against stress. Further, it is known to play a significant role in decreasing toxicity and lethality due to a variety of toxic chemicals and drugs by stimulating tissue repair damaged by the toxicants leading to restoration of intact organ and its functions. Moreover, extensive work done on animals indicate DR has an important role in suppressing certain types of cancer. In this review an effort is made to highlight the various advantages of DR from the point of human health perspective.  相似文献   

肥胖与2型糖尿病的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵路静  宋春青 《河北北方学院学报(医学版)》2005,22(1):51-53

目的:探讨肥胖与2型糖尿病的关系.方法:随机选取93例患者,根据体质指数(BMD=体重/身高2,分为正常组20例(BMI＜25),超重组33例(BMI≥25),肥胖组40例(BMI≥30).分别比较2型糖尿病的患病率.结果:肥胖组与超重组2型糖尿病患病率(40.0%、27.3%)均高于正常组(10.0%).肥胖组与超重组之间2型糖尿病患病率无显著性差别.结论:肥胖是导致2型糖尿病发生的重要因素.  相似文献   

湖南省高校肥胖大学生体育态度的调查研究     

彭跃群  雷爱国 《娄底师专学报》2011,(2):98-100

为促进超重和肥胖大学生积极参与体育锻炼,有效提高大学体育教学质量,以文献资料、问卷调查法对湖南省高校390名肥胖大学生的身体发育状况和体育态度、体育行为现状进行调查分析。结果表明：被调查的肥胖大学生体育态度基本处于低水平,极少甚至不参加课余体育锻炼。提出在体育教学设计中应区别对待超重和肥胖大学生,有针对性的提高其体育态度的认知成分水平。  相似文献   

四川边茶提取物对脂肪酸合酶的抑制作用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

姜波  田维熙  齐桂年 《中国科学院研究生院学报》2007,24(3):291-299

四川边茶（康砖）是黑茶的一个主要品种，所含茶多酚与绿茶和红茶不同。本研究利用酶动力学方法测定了边茶萃取物对脂肪酸合酶（Fatty Acid Synthase, FAS, E.C. 2.3.1.85）的抑制作用，近几年研究报道该酶是减肥和抑癌的双重潜在靶点。结果表明，边茶萃取物对FAS有可逆和不可逆抑制双重作用，最佳萃取溶剂为50％的乙醇，在常温下5 h即可达到最佳萃取效果。用开水泡茶的方法经两次浸取可提取出近60％的抑制FAS有效物，比绿茶的浸出效率约高1倍，但需较长的浸泡时间。边茶的新茶对脂肪酸合酶的抑制能力并不强，存放数年的边茶抑制能力最好，其后有所下降，但大部分抑制活性可保持20年以上，而30年以上保存期可能会使抑制能力明显下降。边茶提取物与底物乙酰辅酶A和丙二酸单酰辅酶A的竞争性质都是竞争性与非竞争性的混合型；对FAS中的酮酰还原反应的抑制不明显，这说明酮酰还原酶结构域并不是其主要作用位点；这些和绿茶及红茶都有不同。由实验结果分析边茶中的抑制剂不同于红茶和绿茶，可能是茶多酚中的茶褐素，其抑制能力高于儿茶素而接近茶黄素。这些结果表明边茶在减肥、抑癌等方面可能具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

有组织运动干预对肥胖大学生BMI影响的研究     

苏龙  席莉  黄武胜 《安徽教育学院学报》2011,29(3):102-104

本文对我院BMI指数异常学生的肥胖成因做出分析研究,寻找通过体育锻炼对肥胖学生的身体素质进行合理影响与干预的方法,辅以合理的膳食,来改善其异常的BMI指数。进而确保其身体的正常发育和健康成长。为今后探索人体机能指标之间的关系及其自身变化规律和趋势提供数据参考和实验依据。  相似文献   

三明市高校高级知识分子超重肥胖现象探析     

林正锋  高保华 《怀化学院学报》2011,30(11):46-48

采用测试法、询问法和数理统计法,对三明市高校高级知识分子身体质量指数及相关影响因素进行研究．结果表明：高级知识分子超重、肥胖的现象已较为严重,而且在超重、肥胖的趋势上男性要大于女性．超重肥胖现象主要与高级知识分子日常的饮食习惯和体育锻炼不足有关,也与工作性质有一定的关系．  相似文献   

有氧运动对我国肥胖少年儿童的干预效果研究--基于元分析方法     

解超  金成吉  张军 《南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)》2016,(2):84-90

研究目的：运用元分析法( Meta-analysis)检验有氧运动对我国肥胖少年儿童的干预效果。研究方法：检索20052010年23篇相关文献进行元分析,对23篇文献质量进行评估后,采用随机效应模型对研究的效应值和异质性进行检验。研究结果：23篇文献GRADE风险评估结果为A级12篇、B级9篇、C级2篇,文献存在系统误差的可能性很低。元分析结果中效应值为2．59,95%CI(2．14,3．05),说明有氧运动干预对于我国少年儿童的肥胖具有很好的干预效果。异质性检验指标Q值为21．13(P=0．51),I2=0%,研究间不存在异质性和发表偏倚。研究结论：有氧运动是我国肥胖少年儿童进行减肥的有效手段,对少年儿童的肥胖干预效果十分明显。持续3个月以上,每周36次,每次4090分钟的中等强度有氧运动对于我国少年儿童减肥效果最佳。  相似文献