花样游泳运动员功能性动作能力与力量素质的相关性研究     

陈文佳  章碧玉  沈兆喆 《中国体育科技》2020,(2):71-80,F0003

目的:探讨我国优秀花样游泳运动员功能性动作能力与力量素质的相关性,分析功能动作筛查测试与力量素质测试结果存在的内在联系,从专项视角探讨花样游泳运动项目的训练策略并提出建议。方法:选取国家花样游泳队14名健将级运动员为研究对象,对其进行FMS、握力、上肢力量、股内收肌群力量、躯干核心耐力、下肢爆发力测试,并对测试结果进行相关性分析。结果:1)14名花样游泳运动员FMS测试平均得分为15.21分,有5人测试得分低于运动损伤高风险的临界值(14分);2)FMS测试总分与Keiser坐姿上推(偏相关系数=0.622,P<0.05)、45°股内收肌群横向收缩力量(偏相关系数=0.652,P<0.05)、90°股内收肌群横向收缩力量(偏相关系数=0.746,P<0.01)均呈正相关;3)直线弓步蹲与Keiser坐姿上推(偏相关系数=0.711,P<0.05)、无反向纵跳(偏相关系数=0.661,P<0.05)、有反向纵跳(偏相关系数=0.614,P<0.05)和40 cm跳深跳高(偏相关系数=0.754,P<0.01)均呈正相关;肩部灵活性测试得分与Keiser下蹲上推(偏相关系数=0.575,P<0.05)、45°股内收肌群横向收缩力量(偏相关系数=0.585,P<0.05)以及90°股内收肌群横向收缩力量(r=0.867,P<0.01)均呈正相关,与仰桥耐力呈负相关(偏相关系数=0.701,P<0.05);旋转稳定性与40 cm跳深跳高呈正相关(偏相关系数=0.575,P<0.05)。结论:我国优秀花样游泳运动员髋关节主动灵活性和臀大肌-髂胫束联合等肌群的主动柔韧性较好,但存在膝关节、髋关节稳定性差、躯干核心区肌群控制力不足等问题,受主导臂和主导腿均为右侧影响,运动员身体两侧不平衡明显。运动员FMS测试得分并不能全面反映其力量素质的高低,FMS测试得分与部分力量素质测试结果存在相关性,可能与两种测试均涉及同一动力链结构系统肌群的协同工作和动作存在做功类型的相似性有关。  相似文献   

优秀青少年游泳运动员蹲踞式与抓台式游泳出发技术的对比分析     

童超益  郭海英  周喆啸  李建设 《浙江体育科学》2020,(1):106-112

目的:基于青少年的生理特点,通过对比青少年游泳运动员采用蹲踞式和抓台式2种游泳出发技术时的运动学和动力学数据,以期为青少年游泳运动员的运动训练与比赛提供参考。方法:使用Kistler测力台和高速摄像机记录从青少年游泳运动员从准备姿势到入水的整个过程,通过对2种游泳出发技术参数的统计对比分析,总结这2种游泳出发技术的特点。结果:从游泳出发技术上来看,男性采用蹲踞式的加速蹬伸时间、地面反作用力峰值、腾空时间、腾空距离、平均水平腾空速度、出发总时间大于抓台式,而入水角度较小;女性采用蹲踞式的加速蹬伸时间、地面反作用力峰值、腾空距离、平均水平腾空速度大于抓台式,而腾空时间、入水角度、出发总时间较小。从性别角度看,男性采用蹲踞式的加速蹬伸时间、平均水平腾空速度、入水角度小于女性,而地面反作用力峰值、腾空时间、腾空距离、出发总时间较大;男性采用抓台式的加速蹬伸时间、平均水平腾空速度、入水角度小于女性,而地面反作用力峰值、腾空时间、腾空距离、出发总时间较大。结论:从游泳出发技术上来看,蹲踞式在滞台阶段加速蹬伸时间较长,但地面反作用力较大,且获得了更大的平均水平腾空速度,弥补了其滞台时间较长的缺点;在腾空阶段,在腾空时间无显著差异的情况下,蹲踞式具有明显较大的腾空距离,则蹲踞式在该阶段更具优势。从性别上来看,男性的加速蹬伸时间较小,且地面反作用力较大,但平均水平腾空速度较小,减小了男性在滞台阶段的优势;在腾空阶段,男性的腾空时间明显大于女性,但其腾空距离也较大。  相似文献   

大学生安心游泳技能等级标准研制     

王斌  于洪涛  罗时  张辉 《武汉体育学院学报》2018,52(3):89-95

建立以大学生为评价对象，以提高防溺水技能和规避溺水风险为目的的大学生安心游泳技能等级标准。通过专家访谈、问卷调查、问卷筛选以及专家论证等研究方法，确定了大学生安心游泳技能等级评价标准，该标准包括游泳技能和自救技能两个方面，并使用3个层级（初级、中级、高级）9个等级（初级：1-3级；中级：4-6级；高级7-9级）来评价大学生安心游泳技能的等级。通过内回代方法对评价标准进行检验，表明该研究标准能够初步应用于大学生安心游泳技能等级评价。  相似文献   

Contribution of uncertainty in estimation of active drag using assisted towing method in front crawl swimming     

Pendar Hazrati  Peter James Sinclair  Wayne Spratford  René Edouard Ferdinands  Bruce Robert Mason 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(1):7-13

Active drag force in swimming can be calculated from a function of five different variables: swim velocity, tow velocity, belt force, power output and exponent of velocity. The accuracy of the drag force value is dependent on the accuracy of each variable, and on the contribution of each variable to drag estimation. To calculate uncertainty in drag value, first the derivatives of the active drag equation with respect to each variable were obtained. Second, these were multiplied by the uncertainty of that variable. Twelve national age and open level swimmers were recruited to complete four free swimming and five active drag trials. The uncertainties for the free and the tow swim velocities, and for the belt force, contributed approximately 5–6% and 2–3% error, respectively, in calculation of drag. The result of the uncertainty of the velocity exponent (1.8–2.6) indicated a contribution of about 6% error in active drag. The contribution of unequal power output showed that if a power changed 7.5% between conditions, it would lead to about 30% error in calculated drag. Consequently, if a swimmer did not maintain constant power output between conditions, there would be substantial errors in the calculation of active drag.  相似文献   

湖南省少儿花样游泳业余训练现状调查及对策     

傅燕 《湖北体育科技》2020,(1):77-80

少儿花样游泳业余训练是推动花样游泳项目整体发展的基础。本文通过查阅文献资料、问卷调查和实地走访等方法,从教练员、队伍分布、满意度和训练情况、基础场地器材情况等方面对湖南省少儿花样游泳业余训练现状进行研究分析。研究得出:存在项目布局不完善,区域发展不平衡、教练员队伍整体素质有待提升、运动员队伍需适当扩大等方面问题和不足。并提出了应当学习先进经验,不断完善相关政策、不断加强教练员队伍建设,设计制定合理业余训练竞赛体系、及时宣传报道等相关对策。  相似文献   

优秀游泳运动员赛前大强度训练实效性探究     

林丽雅  张莉  徐心浩  刘禹  李农战  王崇 《成都体育学院学报》2015,(1):7-12

目的：：在全运会赛前9周,对优秀游泳运动员为期6周的大强度训练并实施赛前训练监控,探索科学有效的赛前大强度训练模式,为游泳运动员赛前大强度训练提供参考依据。方法：对9名优秀游泳运动员实施为期6周的以无氧能力训练为主的赛前大强度训练方案。在训练前后进行一次极限负荷运动(300米全力游)的气体代谢能力测试和血乳酸均匀度的无氧阈测试,并在训练前、训练中(训练2周后)、训练后(训练6周后),测定基础状态下的血红蛋白(Нb)、血清肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿素(BU)、睾酮(T)和皮质醇(C)。结果：(1)与训练前相比,摄氧量(P<0.001)、摄氧量相对值(P<0.001)、呼吸频率(P<0.05)等指标显著下降;呼吸商(P<0.05)、潮气量(P<0.05)、成绩(P<0.05)和即刻血乳酸(P<0.001)显著升高;(2)6周大强度训练后,无氧阈速度、出现无氧阈拐点时的血乳酸和心率没有显著变化。(3)基础状态下,BU指标在大强度训练2周后,明显升高(P<0.05),C指标在训练中期明显下降(P<0.001),训练后期又呈现明显的升高(P<0.05),其它血液指标变化不大。结论：(1)以无氧能力训练为主的的赛前大强度训练计划达到提高运动员无氧能力的目的,同时有氧能力得到保持;(2)血液生化指标的动态变化,符合大强度训练的机能变化特点,赛前大强度训练没有导致运动员机能下降。(3)极限负荷运动(300米全力游)的气体代谢能力测试,为游泳运动员的赛前训练效果的评价提供了新思路、新方法。  相似文献   

内质网应激介导细胞凋亡在运动预防非酒精性脂肪肝形成中的作用     

李军汉  苏全生  孙君志  彭丽文  谢红苑 《北京体育大学学报》2015,38(10):58-62+108

摘要：目的：探讨运动对非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）的预防作用及作用机理。方法： SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和运动组3 组。对照组给予普通饲料喂养,模型组予高脂饲料喂养,运动组在高脂饲料喂养的同时予运动干预,连续8周,直至实验结束。HE染色观察肝脏病理形态变化,TUNEL法测肝细胞凋亡,western blot检测CHOP、Caspase12和JNK蛋白表达,免疫组化检测CHOP、Caspase12和JNK蛋白阳性表达。结果：1）与对照组比较,模型组肝细胞脂肪性变明显,肝细胞凋亡指数升高,CHOP、Caspase12、JNK蛋白表达及阳性表达增加;2）与模型组比较,运动组肝细胞脂肪变性减轻,肝细胞凋亡指数减少,CHOP、Caspase12、JNK蛋白表达及阳性表达降低。结论：8周高脂饮食可成功复制NAFLD动物模型,内质网应激介导细胞凋亡参与NAFLD形成。运动对NAFLD形成具有较好的预防作用,其机制可能与运动可降低内质网应激介导细胞凋亡蛋白CHOP、JNK和Caspase12在肝细胞的表达,抑制肝细胞凋亡有关。  相似文献   

广东省花样游泳运动员备战第十二届全国运动会的专项素质指标与训练监控指标研究     

李杰  王远  梁昀 《湖北体育科技》2015,(3):231-234,257

整理分析广东省花样游泳运动员备战第十二届全国运动会的专项体能训练与训练监控指标数据,总结成功有效的备战与参赛模式,为今后的训练提供参考。  相似文献   

Statin use and self-reported swimming performance in US masters swimmers     

Kyle Terpak  Sally Guthrie 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(3):286-292

Exercise and treating hyperlipidaemia with statins are two integral components of the American Heart Association guidelines to reduce cardiovascular risk in adults. Since statins can cause myalgias and myopathies, they could affect the duration or intensity of an exercise regimen. To determine the impact of statin use in adult masters swimmers, a survey was distributed to examine the association between swimming performance and statin usage in adult swimmers (≥35 years). After excluding those with chronic diseases or taking drugs that reduce physical capacity, 749 swimmers (118 taking statins, 73 not taking statins to control elevated cholesterol and 558 controls) were included in a regression model to determine the factors significantly affecting the duration and intensity of swimming workouts. Age and gender were significantly (P ≤ 0.001) associated with the distance swam per 60 min. Younger, male swimmers completed more yards per 60-min workout. Use of statins was not significantly associated with yards swam per 60-min workout. Nor did statin usage affect the number of swim sessions per month or the length of swim session. Evidently, statins do not cause enough fatigue or pain in masters swimmers to require a decrease in the duration or intensity of workouts.  相似文献   

Wearable inertial sensors in swimming motion analysis: a systematic review     

Fabricio Anicio de Magalhaes  Giorgio Gatta  Silvia Fantozzi 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(7):732-745

The use of contemporary technology is widely recognised as a key tool for enhancing competitive performance in swimming. Video analysis is traditionally used by coaches to acquire reliable biomechanical data about swimming performance; however, this approach requires a huge computational effort, thus introducing a delay in providing quantitative information. Inertial and magnetic sensors, including accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers, have been recently introduced to assess the biomechanics of swimming performance. Research in this field has attracted a great deal of interest in the last decade due to the gradual improvement of the performance of sensors and the decreasing cost of miniaturised wearable devices. With the aim of describing the state of the art of current developments in this area, a systematic review of the existing methods was performed using the following databases: PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar, Scopus and Science Direct. Twenty-seven articles published in indexed journals and conference proceedings, focusing on the biomechanical analysis of swimming by means of inertial sensors were reviewed. The articles were categorised according to sensor’s specification, anatomical sites where the sensors were attached, experimental design and applications for the analysis of swimming performance. Results indicate that inertial sensors are reliable tools for swimming biomechanical analyses.  相似文献