Auditing fairness under unawareness through counterfactual reasoning     

《Information processing & management》2023,60(2):103224

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly becoming the pivotal solution to support critical judgments in many life-changing decisions. In fact, a biased AI tool can be particularly harmful since these systems can contribute to or demote people’s well-being. Consequently, government regulations are introducing specific rules to prohibit the use of sensitive features (e.g., gender, race, religion) in the algorithm’s decision-making process to avoid unfair outcomes. Unfortunately, such restrictions may not be sufficient to protect people from unfair decisions as algorithms can still behave in a discriminatory manner. Indeed, even when sensitive features are omitted (fairness through unawareness), they could be somehow related to other features, named proxy features. This study shows how to unveil whether a black-box model, complying with the regulations, is still biased or not. We propose an end-to-end bias detection approach exploiting a counterfactual reasoning module and an external classifier for sensitive features. In detail, the counterfactual analysis finds the minimum cost variations that grant a positive outcome, while the classifier detects non-linear patterns of non-sensitive features that proxy sensitive characteristics. The experimental evaluation reveals the proposed method’s efficacy in detecting classifiers that learn from proxy features. We also scrutinize the impact of state-of-the-art debiasing algorithms in alleviating the proxy feature problem.  相似文献   

Being my own gatekeeper,how I tell the fake and the real – Fake news perception between typologies and sources     

《Information processing & management》2023,60(2):103228

The phenomenal spread of fake news online necessitates further research into fake news perception. We stress human factors in misinformation management. This study extends prior research on fake news and media consumption to examine how people perceive fake news. The objective is to understand how news categories and sources influence individuals' perceptions of fake news. Participants (N = 1008) were randomly allocated to six groups in which they evaluated the believability of news from three categories (misinformation, conspiracy, and correction news) coupled with six online news sources whose background (official media, commercial media, and social media) and expertise level varied (the presence or absence of a professional editorial team). Our findings indicated people could distinguish media sources, which have a significant effect on fake news perception. People believed most in conspiracy news and then misinformation included in correction news, demonstrating the backfire of correction news. The significant interaction effects indicate people are more sensitive to misinformation news and show more skepticism toward misinformation on social media. The findings support news literacy that users are capable to leverage credible sources in navigating online news. Meanwhile, challenges of processing correction news require design measures to promote truth-telling news.  相似文献   

“新时期”CUBA与CBA联赛竞技篮球人才衔接与培育研究     

刘庆广  徐扬  诸文兵 《沈阳体育学院学报》2020,(2):108-115

为进一步实现CUBA与CBA联赛新时期改革计划,疏通我国篮球后备人才战略培养路径,以“新时期”CUBA与CBA的人才衔接与培育为研究对象,运用文献资料、录像观察、数理统计等方法,对CBA联赛选秀球员进行综合分析。研究结果表明:1)存在问题包括组织机构衔接不畅、选秀球员竞技水平不精、人才培养观契合度不高及俱乐部注意程度不足4个方面。2)改善路径包括逐渐推进多元主体衔接度及流畅性、全面优化高校球员竞技能力及水平、消除人才培养僵化及保守化、扎实提升俱乐部关注程度及积极性。  相似文献   

赋能存量 做优增量 把握变量——面向“十四五”的国内高校图书馆文献信息资源建设思考     

郭晶 《图书情报工作》2021,65(1):47-54

[目的/意义]面向“十四五”的高校图书馆文献信息资源建设既是整体规划的重要组成部分,又是图书馆的服务保障与基础条件。明确编制过程、调研重点、发展思路与实施措施,对于高校图书馆中长期的文献信息资源建设战略有重要的指导作用和现实意义。[方法/过程]结合文献调研与行业观察和分析,采取案例研究、政策文本解读、比较研究等方法,总结高校图书馆制订文献信息资源建设“十四五”规划的策略与发展思路。[结果/结论]文献信息资源建设的总体思路是赋能存量、做优增量和把握变量,针对新发展阶段高校图书馆的目标与任务,提出具体的实施策略。  相似文献   

海绵城市、城市公园、城市建筑与绿色城市     

曹婷  连之伟  周武忠 《中国名城》2021,(4):8-14

“绿色”作为现代城市主题,将“城市种进大自然”成为由城市建设不当导致生态问题的核心解决策略。依据设计实践和相关案例分析,可提出:(1)海绵城市的核心治理理念和目前建筑能耗相关概念结合,以“削峰填谷”解决环境、城市内涝问题。(2)城市公园设计必须从生态的丰富内涵出发,尊重城市地格,同时注意整个城市的公园联络性,形成城市空间内的自然轴线.。(3)垂直绿化不仅是单一的绿色外观建筑设计形式,还需要和建筑功能空间、理念结合,让自然这个元素由外向内渗透到建筑内部、人居环境、人们健康饮食以及健康生活方式甚至是思想观念,从建筑外观或者城市形象来增添城市与自然的相关性。  相似文献   

体育智库建设的国际经验与中国路径     

王学彬  郑家鲲  陈钢 《武汉体育学院学报》2020,54(1):47-53

对发达国家体育智库建设进行研究，梳理和总结了发达国家体育智库建设概况，探讨了其成功经验，针对我国体育智库建设的现状，提出了体育智库建设的路径选择。研究认为：发达国家体育智库大体分为政府型体育智库、独立自治型体育智库、高校附属型体育智库三类，发挥着知识和权力沟通桥梁、体育决策民主化平台、体育政策落实监护人等功能；政府的重视扶持、坚持研究独立性、合理的管理体制、完善的运行机制、严格的行业管理等是其发展的重要经验；最后根据体育全面深化改革的现实从体育智库的法之根基、术之利器、权之制衡、道之要义四个层面提出了相应的建设路径。  相似文献   

基于多维度关联的机构知识库数据模型的构建与分析     

孙翌  胡爱 《现代情报》2018,38(7):95

随着资源保存到资源利用的需求转变，机构知识库经过多年的发展，逐渐从传统的成果资源典藏向知识关联与发现进行转变，这使得如何深度整合与数据关联管理变得尤为重要。文章从支持科研与教学的角度出发，寻找以成果资源为中心，各类成果之间、成果与人员、成果与机构、成果与团队的关联关系，并尝试构建机构知识库数据模型，以期在机构知识库平台的建设实践中指导成果资源对象间深层次、多维度的数据关联。  相似文献   

Robust H∞ dynamic output-feedback control for four-wheel independently actuated electric ground vehicles through integrated AFS/DYC     

《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2018,355(18):9321-9350

This paper simultaneously addresses the parameter/state uncertainties, external disturbances, input saturations, and actuator faults in the handling and stability control for four-wheel independently actuated (FWIA) electric ground vehicles (EGVs). Considering the high cost of the available sensors for vehicle lateral velocity measurement, a robust H_∞ dynamic output-feedback controller is designed to control the vehicle motion without using the lateral velocity information. The investigated parameter/state uncertainties include the tire cornering stiffness, vehicle mass, and vehicle longitudinal velocity. The unmodeled terms in the vehicle lateral dynamics model are dealt as the external disturbances. Faults of the active steering system and in-wheel motors can cause dangerous consequences for driving, and are considered in the control design. Input saturation issues for the tire forces can deteriorate the control effects, and are handled by the proposed strategy. Integrated control with active front steering (AFS) and direct yaw moment (DYC) is adopted to control the vehicle yaw rate and sideslip angle simultaneously. Simulation results based on a high-fidelity and full-car model via CarSim-Simulink show the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.  相似文献   

正交试验设计优化气相色谱分离   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴诗剑  朱江  王晨  王一峰  刘芳  陆贻通 《科技通报》2006,22(3):358-361,366

讨论了气相色谱分离甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、异丙醇混合溶液的条件.通过前期试验发现乙醇和异丙醇的分离较难,所以运用正交实验设计法,确定最佳操作参数,获取优化的分离度.采用正交实验设计法对气相色谱分离过程中所采用的温度、流量、程序升流和尾吹四个主要因素进行了试验,通过有交互作用和无交互作用作正交试验设计,确定了最佳的操作条件：炉温45℃、初始载气流量6ml/min、程序升流4ml/min、加尾吹,且尾吹的影响最显著.  相似文献   

H∞ event-triggered synchronization control of singular semi-Markov switched complex networks with transmitted delays     

《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2023,360(2):1415-1435

  相似文献