Creativity development in preschoolers: The effects of children’s museum visits and other education environment factors     

《Studies in Educational Evaluation》2020

As one of the potential contextual factors for creativity development, children’s museum has been introduced to China from the western world in recent years, with the aim to offer a new informal educational environment to enhance children’s creativity. Based on experimental data for two groups of 4-year-old preschoolers (218 for the family mode and 202 for the preschool mode) from Beijing with an appropriately one-year long intervention (September 2017 to July 2018), this study examines the effect of regular visits to a children’s museum and other education environmental factors on young children’s creativity measured by Torrance’s Thinking Creatively in Action and Movement (TCAM) test. Results indicate that in terms of family visit, compared to the control group, the intervention that offers 18 times free tickets to visit a children’s museum significantly improved the experiment group’s originality (a sub-measure of creativity) by an additional 34.51 %. A beneficial effect of this intervention was also found in improving children’s fluency from the sample of preschool group visit (46.80 %). In addition, family education environment factors such as public preschool attendance, frequency of visits to science museums, and the degree of parents’ latitude were also found to positively affect creativity. Children’s personal features such as sex and geographic location of the family are also found to be related with children’s creativity.  相似文献   

Efficacy of using non-linear pedagogy to support attacking players’ individual learning objectives in elite-youth football: A randomised cross-over trial     

Simon J. Roberts  James R. Rudd  Matthew J. Reeves 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(11-12):1454-1464

ABSTRACT

The present study examined the efficacy of a coaching curriculum, based on non-linear pedagogy, on improving attacking players’ individual learning objectives (ILOs) in elite-youth football. Participants included 22 attacking players (i.e., centre-forwards, wide-players and attacking midfield players) from a professional football academy in England. The players were randomly appointed to both control (CON) and intervention (INT) periods following baseline measures. The INT (non-linear) and CON (linear) periods were both designed to support the ILOs provided to each player as part of the elite player performance plan. The study adopted a randomised cross-over design and ILOs considered important for attacking players (i.e., strong foot finishing, weak foot finishing, 1-v-1 and decision-making) were evaluated using the Loughborough Shooting Skill Test. The results showed significant differences for INT in 1-v-1 (P< 0.02) and decision-making (P< 0.01). However, there were no significant differences for strong foot finishing, weak foot finishing or time taken. These results support non-linear pedagogy in developing 1-v-1 game play and decision-making but not for technical shooting proficiency.  相似文献   

一种旧的新逻辑:实质归纳理论     

李帅 《科学技术哲学研究》2020,37(1):20-26

诺顿在古德曼和亨普尔等人的启发下,结合他的科学哲学研究背景,提出一种不同于他所定义的“形式归纳理论”的“实质归纳理论”,强调归纳的局部应用性,拒斥普遍的归纳推理模式。归纳推理的基础往往建立在具体领域的事实之上,因此所有的归纳推理都是局部的。诺顿认为归纳推理模式是由事实授权的,我们可以通过考察这些事实的可靠性来评估归纳风险。同时实质归纳理论不再区分归纳的事实部分和模式部分,所以不易受休谟问题的影响。但我们发现,诺顿的归纳辩护面临着亟待解决的问题,其理论也遭受多方面的批评。实质归纳理论是归纳逻辑领域的前沿性成果,引起了逻辑学界和科学哲学界的广泛关注,一定程度上体现了归纳逻辑的强劲生命力和广阔的发展前景。  相似文献   

新时代我国体育消费力提升研究     

孙威  王晓辉 《沈阳体育学院学报》2020,(3):49-55

当前我国体育消费力较弱,亟需通过研究提升体育消费力。运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,依据马克思消费力理论提出并解析了体育消费力的4要素及其现实情况:体育供给不到位导致消费品难以满足需求、居民收入不平衡限制消费者的支付能力、体育环境不规范阻滞良好消费氛围的形成、体育消费者不成熟拉低消费力的整体水平。体育消费力提升路径:以供给侧结构性改革为主线有效优化体育供给力,以拓宽人民增收渠道为手段动态平衡居民可支配收入,以完善市场化引导监督机制为动力合理规范体育社会环境,以强化消费者要素整合能力为抓手全面提升体育消费者成熟度。  相似文献   

Towards an expanded cognitive developmental science understanding of human teaching / Hacia un conocimiento ampliado de la enseñanza humana basada en la ciencia del desarrollo cognitivo     

Sidney Strauss 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2018,41(3):447-490

Teaching is one of nature’s remarkable inventions. Despite over two millennia of academic discussion about teaching, it remains in need of a broad scientific footing. The cognitive and developmental sciences, writ large, are candidates for such a footing. The purpose of this article is to go beyond teaching as knowledge transmission and present an expanded cognitive developmental account of teaching’s remarkable complexity. A minimalist and maximalist approach for describing teaching are presented, with a preference offered for the latter. It can serve as a map for backward engineering so as to get to the origins and developmental trajectories of the map of teaching’s components. An expanded mind-to-mind coupling version of the complexity of normative adult teaching is presented which includes stage-setting with emotion-, motivation- and mind-reading, organizing teaching sessions, scaffolding, detecting knowledge gaps and intervening by knowledge transmission strategies intended to reduce the gaps. In a backward engineering move, research is presented on infants’ abilities for some of what is presented for adults. Teaching is also prosocial, with heart-to-heart coupling. It is inextricably intertwined with teaching, and is another part of teaching’s complexity. Teaching’s prosociality is analysed via the economic concept of non-rivalry. It is shown that teaching is a form of helping behaviour but is not altruistic. Directions for further work in this maximalist approach to the scientific study of teaching are presented.  相似文献   

Observer-based decentralized control of large-scale stochastic high-order feedforward systems with multi time delays     

Liang Liu  Shengyuan Xu  Xue-Jun Xie  Bing Xiao 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2019,356(16):9627-9645

This paper investigates the problem of observer-based decentralized control for a class of large-scale stochastic high-order feedforward systems with multi time delays. By using the homogeneous domination idea and constructing the implementable observer, the decentralized output-feedback controller design scheme is firstly proposed. Then, with the aid of stochastic time delay system stability theory, the globally asymptotically stable in probability of the closed-loop system is verified by selecting an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasoviskii functional. Finally, an example is provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed design method.  相似文献   

Synergetic governing controller design for the hydraulic turbine governing system with complex conduit system     

Jianzhong Zhou  Yuncheng Zhang  Yang Zheng  Yanhe Xu 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2018,355(10):4131-4146

The hydraulic turbine governing system plays an indispensable role in maintaining the stability of electrical power system. In this paper, synergetic control theory is introduced to enhance the regulating ability of the hydraulic turbine governing system. For the purpose of describing the characteristics of objective system and deducing the synergetic control rule, a nonlinear mathematic model of a hydraulic turbine governing system with long tail race and two surge tanks is established. Furthermore, the nonlinear characteristic of the hydraulic turbine is described by six variable partial derivatives. For further investigation, the hydraulic turbine governing system is conducted to running under load condition when its coaxial generator connects to an infinite bus. Simulation experiments have been made under both load disturbance and three-phase short circuit fault conditions to compare the dynamic performances of proposed synergetic governing controller and classic PID controller. The results indicate that the proposed synergetic governing controller is an effective alternative in normal condition and a superior one in emergency. Moreover, the robustness of synergetic governing controller has also been discussed at the end of this paper.  相似文献   

New insights in stability analysis of delayed Lotka–Volterra systems     

Xu-Guang Li  Jun-Xiu Chen  Silviu-Iulian Niculescu  Arben Çela 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2018,355(17):8683-8697

Most of the reported Lotka–Volterra examples have at most one stability interval for the delay parameters. Furthermore, the existing methods fall short in treating more general case studies. Inspired by some recent results for analyzing the stability of time-delay systems, this paper focuses on a deeper characterization of the stability of Lotka–Volterra systems w.r.t. the delay parameters. More precisely, we will introduce the recently-proposed frequency-sweeping approach to study the complete stability problem for a broad class of linearized Lotka–Volterra systems. As a result, the whole stability delay-set can be analytically determined. Moreover, as a significant byproduct of the proposed approach, some Lotka–Volterra examples are found to have multiple stability delay-intervals. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, such a characterization represents a novelty for having some insights in the population dynamics: in some situations, a longer maturation period of species is helpful for the stability of a population system.  相似文献   

Technology adoption,consumer inattention and heuristic decision-making: Evidence from a UK district heating scheme     

Andrew Burlinson  Monica Giulietti  Giuliana Battisti 《Research Policy》2018,47(10):1873-1886

This paper contributes to the debate on the energy efficiency paradox according to which consumers fail to adopt cost-effective, energy efficient technologies over less efficient technologies and therefore fail to reduce energy consumption. Both traditional and behavioural theories are used to investigate the decision-making process of residential consumers with empirical evidence based upon a specially designed quasi-experimental survey of 784 households on the decision to connect to a district-heating system, a more energy efficient alternative to individual heating systems. The results suggest an internal discount rate of around 36 per cent for homeowners, a signal that consumers undervalue future energy costs. We also find the household’s decision to be negatively affected by years of payback up to around 7–8 years. Our findings suggest that neglecting consumer inattention and heuristics can lead to biases which cast doubt on the existence of the energy efficiency paradox. We believe that these results help to explain why some consumers are unlikely to invest in energy efficient technology, particularly those on low incomes.  相似文献   

Corrigendum to “Crossing the innovation threshold through mergers and acquisitions” [Res. Policy 44 (2015) 698–710]     

Elena Cefis  Orietta Marsili 《Research Policy》2018,47(9):1870

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