Can social integration in schools be mandated: Evidence from the Right to Education Act in India     

《International Journal of Educational Development》2020

Although Affirmative Action policies have been enforced in many countries, their consequences are highly understudied, especially in the context of developing economies. Section 12(1)(c) of the Right to Education (RTE) Act enforced in 2009 is the first attempt to introduce affirmative action in primary schools in India. The act requires all private schools to reserve at least twenty five percent seats for children from economically weaker sections. To understand the effect of the act on i) social integration and ii) academic outcomes, we asked 1500 children (grades one to three) from four schools to answer friendship surveys and short tests in Mathematics and English. The schools in our sample vary considerably in constitution and were intentionally chosen to understand the impact of the act in different school settings. The friendship surveys show strong homophily i.e. non-RTE students cite other non-RTE students as friends, while RTE students chose to be friends primarily with other RTE students. Trends in test scores reveal that students admitted under the RTE quota score significantly lower than non-RTE students. However, RTE students who have a higher share of non-RTE friends have better test scores, suggesting that affirmative action may have a positive influence on learning outcomes for RTE children. Further we note that commitment from the school authorities and systematic monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the act will go a long way in bringing out some of the benefits that this act was designed to achieve. Our findings have important policy implications with respect to ensuring proper implementation of the Section12(1)(c) of the RTE act in schools across the country.  相似文献   

从“国家意志”到“地方行动”:先秦射礼社会治理模式探析     

张君贤  戴国斌 《沈阳体育学院学报》2020,(1):138-144

以社会控制理论的方法探析先秦射礼的社会治理行为,认为:基于权威关系、核心利益以及情感号召基础上的强制、交换、动员等社会控制要素,在从大射仪到乡射礼的社会治理路径上存在着不同的分配与行使机制。"君与"的大射仪通过意识形态的施压、推行"知识体系"和树立"模范"标杆为强制手段,以"身份"和"资本"交换贵族的"中"与"忠",结合内在动机的激励式动员,达成了表彰"国家意志"的准集权式强制型治理形态;而"君不与"后的乡射礼则是立足政策规范,以"兴贤能"的号召、塑造"社会背景"以及引导自我操控等动员形式为举措,辅之以"禄仕"和"射义"作为民众"道德"与"君子"的回馈而实现的体现"地方行动"的分权式动员型治理风格。从"国家意志"到"地方行动",先秦射礼践行了一种准集权式的强制型与分权式的动员型治理共生共存的社会治理模式。  相似文献   

体育产业供给侧改革:投入要素、行动逻辑与实施路径——基于社会主要矛盾转化研究视角     

沈克印  吕万刚 《中国体育科技》2020,(4):44-51,F0003

通过文献资料调研、实地考察、专家访谈等方法,基于社会主要矛盾转化视角,对体育产业供给侧改革的投入要素、行动逻辑与实施路径进行研究。研究认为:1)中国特色社会主义步入新时代,社会主要矛盾的转化对体育产业供给侧改革提出了新要求,而体育产业供给侧改革可以有效破解体育产业中不平衡和不充分的发展问题;2)推进体育产业供给侧改革的核心工作是通过改革与创新,优化产业结构,提高劳动力、土地、资本、制度等要素的投入力度,提高全要素生产率;3)行动逻辑是构建“强政府-强市场”结合模式,不仅要用好政府“有形之手”,也要放开市场“无形之手”,发挥市场在体育资源配置中的决定性作用。具体实践中,通过深化体制机制改革、促进产业跨界融合、实施产业创新驱动、补齐产业发展短板等途径推进体育产业供给侧改革。  相似文献   

基于极化特征和纹理特征的PolSAR影像建筑物提取方法     

马肖肖  程博  刘岳明  崔师爱  梁琛彬 《中国科学院大学学报》2019,36(5):682-693

极化合成孔径雷达（PolSAR）以其多参数、多通道、多极化、信息记录更加完整等特点，在城市地物提取领域中发挥着重要作用，并已成为遥感影像研究领域的热点。选择覆盖苏州市的Radarsat2影像，利用极化非相干分解法和灰度共生矩阵法分别提取19种极化特征和8种纹理特征，通过分析建筑物、植被和水体的极化特征和纹理特征进行特征组合，结合主成分分析法（PCA）和支持向量机法（SVM）对城市建筑物进行提取，并定量评估精度。结果表明：基于极化特征的建筑物提取精度最高为92.4%；基于纹理特征的提取精度最高为88.9%；极化特征与纹理特征相结合可以提高精度，最高精度为93.7%；PCA特征融合算法具有较高的运算效率，同时提高了精度。  相似文献   

Contemporary school knowledge democracy: possible meanings,promising perspectives and necessary prerequisites     

Eleni Katsarou  Konstantinos Sipitanos 《Educational Action Research》2019,27(1):108-124

ABSTRACT

The basic aim of this paper is to discuss the concept ‘Knowledge Democracy’ (KD) and what it can mean in the school context, its implications on knowledge production and dissemination and on the educational practices. We try to enrich this discussion by presenting action research projects to provide case studies of how thinking about KD can reshape educational practice. We consider that the discussion on KD has to be enriched as the concept seems very promising with good prospects towards school’s democratization. On the other hand, as it is quite new, it can encompass internal contradictions that can cause problems at the level of practice. So, we consider very important any contribution to this discussion not as another theoretical sample of the debate on the ‘politics of knowledge’, but because any improvement at the thinking of the issue can be reflected on school practices. Any challenge to traditional politics of knowledge can lead to a deeper understanding of the world of schooling and to transformations through new discourses and new approaches to teaching and learning in school.  相似文献   

A collaboratively constructed action leadership framework for sustainable learner support in contexts of adversity     

Rubina Setlhare  Lesley Wood 《Educational Action Research》2020,28(2):227-241

  相似文献   

Gender ratios at top PhD programs in economics     

《Economics of Education Review》2014

Analyzing university faculty and graduate students data for ten of the top U.S. economics departments between 1987 and 2007, we find persistent differences in the gender compositions of both faculty and graduate students across departments. There is a positive correlation between the share of female faculty and the share of women in the PhD class graduating six years later. Using instrumental variable analysis, we find robust evidence that this relation is causal. These results contribute to our understanding of the persistent under-representation of women in economics, as well as for the persistent segregation of women in the labor force.  相似文献   

From perceived polarization of immigration attitudes to collective action     

《Int J Intercult Relat》2021

In the context where immigration divides the political space of Western societies, perceived social polarization as an explanation of collective action is surprisingly understudied in contemporary social psychology. We hypothesize that the more people perceive polarization, the more they will engage in collective action in line with their attitudes. Moreover, this effect should be explained by two interrelated factors: identification and perceived efficacy. Perceived polarization should shape how important immigration attitudes are for individuals’ self-definition and thereby believing oneself capable of making a change, which in turn triggers collective action. To test our predictions, we conducted three studies (Studies 1 and 2 were correlational and Study 3 experimental) among mobilized and non-mobilized samples in two countries (i.e., Belgium and Switzerland). Results partially support our predictions that perceived social polarization on immigration issues relates to engaging in collective action. Indirect effect analyses revealed the predominant role of identity dynamics in the social psychological processes linked to perceiving polarization. These results provide potential explanations to the strong mobilization that emerged since 2015 following the so-called migrant crisis. Implications of our findings for collective action literature are discussed.  相似文献   

Ancient Mural Classification Method Based on Improved AlexNet Network     

Jianfang Cao  Hongyan Cui  Qi Zhang  Zibang Zhang 《文物保护研究》2020,65(7):411-423

ABSTRACT

As an important part of art and culture, ancient murals depict a variety of different artistic images, and these individual images have important research value. For research purposes, it is often important to first determine the type of objects represented in a painting. However, the mural painting environment makes datasets difficult to collect, and long-term exposure leads to underlying features that are not distinct, which makes this task challenging. This study proposes a convolutional neural network model based on the classic AlexNet network model and combines it with feature fusion to automatically classify ancient mural images. Due to the lack of large-scale mural datasets, the model first expands the dataset by applying image enhancement algorithms such as scaling, brightness conversion, noise addition, and flipping; then, it extracts the underlying features (such as fresco edges) shared by the first stage of a dual channel structure. Subsequently, a second-stage deep abstraction is conducted on the features extracted by the first stage using a two-channel network, each of which has a different structure. The obtained characteristics from both channels are merged, and a loss function is constructed to obtain the classification result. This approach improves the model's robustness and feature expression ability. The model achieves an accuracy of 84.24%, a recall rate of 84.15%, and an F1-measure of 84.13% when applied to a constructed mural image dataset. Compared with the AlexNet model and other improved convolutional neural network models, the proposed model improves each evaluation index by approximately 5%, verifying the rationality and effectiveness of the model for automatic mural image classification. The mural classification model proposed in this paper comprehensively considers the influences of network width and depth and can extract rich details from mural images from multiple local channels. An effective classification method could help researchers manage and protect mural images in an orderly fashion and quickly and effectively search for target images in a digital mural library based on a specified image category, aiding mural condition monitoring and restoration efforts as well as archaeological and art historical research.  相似文献   

Psychological responses to reservation-based discrimination: A qualitative study of socially marginalized youth at a premier Indian university     

《International Journal of Educational Development》2020

Given the history of caste politics in India, it is not surprising that the socially marginalized students face discrimination, especially after the introduction of the reservation policy (affirmative action) in educational institutes. Our qualitative study, informed by Meyer’s Minority Stress model, analysed in-depth interviews with 30 undergraduate students, 3 faculty members, and 4 administrative officials at a premier Indian university to examine the psychological wellbeing of the reserved category students. We analysed how the discrimination processes contributed to students’ poor academic performance, low self-esteem, and weak motivation. Student group affiliations and university resources created a supportive environment for the socially marginalized, despite a small risk of stigmatization due to enrolment in a few campus support-programs. Moreover, there existed a palpable frustration among the socially privileged students, resulting in discriminatory attitudes against reserved categories but not “lower” caste. Our findings call for the attention of college administrators, policymakers, and the society at large to ensure that well-intended social justice policies are efficiently implemented, to deliver justice to the underprivileged students of India.  相似文献