Executive functioning during prolonged exercise: a fatigue-based neurocognitive perspective     

Cyril Schmit  Jeanick Brisswalter 《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2020,13(1):21-39

ABSTRACT

Despite emotional, technical and endurance implications for athletes’ performance, a consensus has yet to be reached to explain the impairment of executive functioning during exercise. In particular, recent research challenges the original assumption of a linear dose–response effect of exercise intensity on cerebral physiology and executive functioning. We propose a fatigue-based neurocognitive perspective of executive functioning during prolonged exercise, suggesting that top-down (cognitive and physical efforts) and bottom-up processes (body sensations) act in parallel of arousing mechanisms to determine cognitive outcomes. In this perspective, executive functioning during prolonged exercise would be dynamical rather than steady (i.e. positively then negatively impacted by exercise) and would be to analyse in regards of exercise termination rather than of exercise intensity.  相似文献   

认知负荷对乒乓球运动员注意空间的影响*     

杨〓义  岳珍珠 《广州体育学院学报》2019,(2):99-101

目的 同时注意空间中多个目标刺激对于乒乓球运动员非常重要。考察认知负荷对青少年乒乓球运动员注意分布的影响。方法：实验中采用计算机行为实验，控制认知负荷（同时注意的目标数量为2、4或6个），并且在不同注意范围（离中央注视点3°、6°和9°视角）的位置上同时呈现刺激，要求被试对刺激的亮度变化做辨别反应。结果：:认知负荷对于乒乓球运动员的注意范围有显著调节。当刺激个数为2时，在3°和6°视角条件下呈现的刺激反应时均显著快于9°视角条件下的刺激。当刺激个数为4时，视角为3°条件下的反应时快于视角为6°和9°时的反应时，而视角为6°时又比视角为9°时的反应时显著要快。当刺激个数为6时，视角为3°时的反应时均快于视角为6°和9°时的反应时。结论：当前研究证明随着认知负荷增加，乒乓球运动员注意焦点范围显著缩小。可以通过测量运动员在高负荷条件下注意焦点的范围来进行运动员的选拔。  相似文献   

Effects of an aerobic fitness test on short- and long-term memory in elementary-aged children     

Jennifer L. Etnier  Paul M. Sprick  Jeffrey D. Labban  Chia-Hao Shih  Stephen M. Glass  Jarod C. Vance 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(19):2264-2272

ABSTRACT

Meta-analytic evidence supports that exercise has benefits for short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). However, only three studies with children have tested the differential effects of exercise on STM and LTM. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an aerobic fitness test on STM and LTM and to consider the moderating effects of grade level. Children (7–13 years of age) were randomly assigned to either perform an aerobic fitness test before (exercise prior) or after (exercise post) performing the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) to assess memory. Memory was tested again after approximately 24 hours. There were significant differences in memory performance as a function of grade with 4^th and 6^th graders consistently outperforming 2^nd graders. For learning, Day 1 Retention, 24-hr recall, and Day 2 Retention, the exercise prior group performed better than the exercise post group. It is concluded that an aerobic fitness test performed prior to a declarative memory test benefits LTM as compared to when the aerobic fitness test is performed after the memory test.  相似文献   

Study Abroad Experience and Career Decision-Making: A Qualitative Study of Chinese Students     

WU Yihan 《Frontiers of Education in China》2020,15(2):313

  相似文献   

Reliably Assessing Growth with Longitudinal Diagnostic Classification Models     

Matthew J. Madison 《Educational Measurement》2019,38(2):68-78

Recent advances have enabled diagnostic classification models (DCMs) to accommodate longitudinal data. These longitudinal DCMs were developed to study how examinees change, or transition, between different attribute mastery statuses over time. This study examines using longitudinal DCMs as an approach to assessing growth and serves three purposes: (1) to define and evaluate two reliability measures to be used in the application of longitudinal DCMs; (2) through simulation, demonstrate that longitudinal DCM growth estimates have increased reliability compared to longitudinal item response theory models; and (3) through an empirical analysis, illustrate the practical and interpretive benefits of longitudinal DCMs. A discussion describes how longitudinal DCMs can be used as practical and reliable psychometric models when categorical and criterion‐referenced interpretations of growth are desired.  相似文献   

Effects of periodic carbohydrate ingestion on endurance and cognitive performances during a 40-km cycling time-trial under normobaric hypoxia in well-trained triathletes     

Yi-Hung Liao  Toby Mündel  Yan-Ting Yang  Chen-Chan Wei  Shiow-Chwen Tsai 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(16):1805-1815

The purpose of this study was to examine CHO ingestion on a cognitive task using a field-simulated time-trial (TT) under hypoxia in well-trained triathletes. Ten male triathletes (age: 22.1 ± 1.1 years; VO₂max: 59.4 ± 1.4 ml/kg/min) participated in this double-blind/crossover/counter-balanced design study. Participants completed 3 TT trials: 1) normoxic placebo (NPLA; FiO₂ = 20.9%), 2) hypoxic placebo (HPLA; FiO₂ = 16.3%), and 3) hypoxic CHO (HCHO; 6% CHO provided as 2 ml/kg/15 min; FiO₂ = 16.3%). During the TT, physiological responses (SpO₂, HR, RPE, and blood glucose/lactate), cognitive performance, and cerebral haemodynamics were measured. Hypoxia reduced TT performance by ~3.5–4% (p < 0.05), but CHO did not affect TT performance under hypoxia. For the cognitive task, CHO slightly preserved exercise-induced cognitive reaction speed but did not affect response accuracy during hypoxic exercise. However, CHO did not preserve the decreased Hb-Diff (cerebral blood flow, CBF) and increased HHb in the prefrontal lobe (p < 0.05) during hypoxic exercise, and CHO failed to preserve hypoxia-suppressed prefrontal CBF and tissue oxygen saturation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that CHO is effective in sustaining reaction speed for a cognitive task but not promoting TT performance during hypoxic exercise, which would be important for strategy-/decision-making when athletes compete at moderate high-altitude.  相似文献   

Digital Module 05: Diagnostic Measurement—The G‐DINA Framework https://ncme.elevate.commpartners.com     

Wenchao Ma  Jimmy de la Torre 《Educational Measurement》2019,38(2):114-115

In this ITEMS module, we introduce the generalized deterministic inputs, noisy “and” gate (G‐DINA) model, which is a general framework for specifying, estimating, and evaluating a wide variety of cognitive diagnosis models. The module contains a nontechnical introduction to diagnostic measurement, an introductory overview of the G‐DINA model, as well as common special cases, and a review of model‐data fit evaluation practices within this framework. We use the flexible GDINA R package, which is available for free within the R environment and provides a user‐friendly graphical interface in addition to the code‐driven layer. The digital module also contains videos of worked examples, solutions to data activity questions, curated resources, a glossary, and quizzes with diagnostic feedback.  相似文献   

内部社会资本、二元学习与研发团队创造力          下载免费PDF全文

戴万亮  杨皎平  李庆满 《科研管理》2019,40(1):159-169

团队成员工作积极性不高与创造力不够是阻碍研发团队创新的最大问题，良好关系下的团队成员知识交流与思维碰撞对于研发团队创造力至关重要。以二元学习为中介变量，知识异质性为调节变量，构建了内部社会资本影响研发团队创造力的有调节的中介效应模型。采用结构方程模型，基于308个研发团队的数据的实证研究发现：结构资本和认知资本对研发团队创造力的直接影响显著，而关系资本对研发团队创造力的直接影响不显著；二元学习在结构资本及认知资本与研发团队创造力的关系中扮演部分中介角色，而在关系资本与研发团队创造力的关系中扮演完全中介角色；知识异质性正向调节二元学习中介效应。本研究有助于加强对团队创造力影响因素及作用机理的了解，也为提高研发团队创造力提供借鉴。  相似文献   

The shallows and the depths. Cognitive and social presence in blended tutoring     

Anna Turula 《Technology, Pedagogy and Education》2018,27(2):233-250

The article investigates a system of academic education called tutoring implemented in a blended format. It looks at this teaching and learning experience based on the results of a student satisfaction survey (N = 9) as well as the analysis of the discourse between the tutor and six tutees recorded during four meetings: two traditional and two cloud tutorials. It is argued here that the blended format is a good solution which enables the two modes to reinforce each other and compensate for each other’s deficiencies. By offering more interaction and establishing good rapport, the face-to-face meetings develop social presence. In turn, cognitive presence is stronger in the online tutorials, in which the students appear to have reached higher levels of critical thinking. What is more, these two types of tutorials appear to pave the way for each other.  相似文献   

The role of self-regulatory efficacy,moral disengagement and guilt on doping likelihood: A social cognitive theory perspective     

Christopher Ring  Maria Kavussanu 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(5):578-584

Given the concern over doping in sport, researchers have begun to explore the role played by self-regulatory processes in the decision whether to use banned performance-enhancing substances. Grounded on Bandura’s (1991) theory of moral thought and action, this study examined the role of self-regulatory efficacy, moral disengagement and anticipated guilt on the likelihood to use a banned substance among college athletes. Doping self-regulatory efficacy was associated with doping likelihood both directly (b = ?.16, P < .001) and indirectly (b = ?.29, P < .001) through doping moral disengagement. Moral disengagement also contributed directly to higher doping likelihood and lower anticipated guilt about doping, which was associated with higher doping likelihood. Overall, the present findings provide evidence to support a model of doping based on Bandura’s social cognitive theory of moral thought and action, in which self-regulatory efficacy influences the likelihood to use banned performance-enhancing substances both directly and indirectly via moral disengagement.  相似文献