欧洲人权法院MUTU&PECHSTEIN案研究及启示     

姜熙 《武汉体育学院学报》2020,54(4):50-58

Pechstein案和Mutu案是近年来体育法学界广受关注的重大体育纠纷案件。两个案件都是案情复杂、时间跨度较大、所涉法律问题较多、经历了诸多诉讼程序的案件,最后都提交至欧洲人权法院审理。欧洲人权法院对Pechstein案和Mutu案的判决使得该案对国际体育法治的影响更为深远。运用文献资料法、比较法、案例分析法等方法,基于Pechstein案和Mutu案各审理机构的裁决分析,对Pechstein案和Mutu案的案情、各审理机构的裁决进行了全景式的梳理和分析,并就欧洲人权法院的判决依据进行了深入的研究。最后,就欧洲人权法院对Pechstein案和Mutu案的裁决对CAS的改革、体育仲裁的完善、体育特殊性等问题进行了分析和讨论,并对Pechstein案和Mutu案给中国体育法治建设、体育仲裁制度建立带来的启示进行了分析。  相似文献   

Anabolic–androgenic steroid use and correlates in Norwegian adolescents     

Morten Renslo Sandvik  Anders Bakken  Sigmund Loland 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(6):903-910

This paper surveys the prevalence and correlates of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) use among Norwegian adolescents, and examines the degree to which sports participation is a mediating or moderating factor to well-known correlations between AAS use and problem behaviour. The data come from the “Ungdata” study, a cross-national youth survey system offered to all municipalities in Norway (response rate: 74%, N?=?77,572). The study demonstrates a lifetime prevalence of AAS use of 1.27% and a higher prevalence among boys (1.81%) than girls (0.76%). The analyses show that AAS use is clearly related to problem behaviour such as violence and other substance use. When controlling for problem behaviour, there are no correlations between AAS use and exercising in a sports club or on one’s own, whilst there is a weak positive correlation between AAS use and exercising in a gym or engaging in other forms of physical exercise such as dancing or martial arts. These patterns are more or less the same for boys and for girls. We conclude that adolescent AAS use is a low-prevalence phenomenon that primarily takes place in smaller subgroups of individuals who engage in other forms of problem behaviour as well.  相似文献   

Neighborhood crime undermines parenting: Violence in the vicinity of households as a predictor of aggressive discipline     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

Child discipline is a central component of parent-child interactions. Evidence suggests corporal discipline impairs children’s physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development and compromises their future chances, especially since it is more frequently used against at-risk children. Using geocoded data for 1209 children under the age of five and their mothers, this study analyses the relation between the occurrence of crimes in close proximity to households in four major urban municipalities of Colombia and a particularly violent corporal discipline practice: hitting children with objects. Results indicate that exposure to violent crimes, such as homicides and personal injuries, predicts a higher probability of hitting children with objects, even after controlling for a set of individual, family, and neighborhood characteristics. Sensitivity analyses suggest violent crimes are not related to other discipline methods, and less threatening crimes, such as robbery and drug trafficking, are not associated with hitting children with objects. These findings suggest households’ walls are permeable, and outside threats may interfere with families’ dynamics and well-being. Future directions and implications are discussed.  相似文献   

困境与出路：我国性侵运动员犯罪行为的刑事规制探究          下载免费PDF全文

王桢 《河北体育学院学报》2019,33(1):19-27

近年来，性侵运动员的犯罪行为频发，成为国际社会聚焦的热点。以此审视我国运动员性法益的保护，虽有强奸罪、强制猥亵罪的刑事立法，却缺乏对该犯罪行为特殊性的深入思考，既不能在惩治犯罪人方面达到理想效果，亦不能在预防犯罪方面发挥良好功能。同时，司法中的“以纪代法”、针对性缺乏、未回应被害人需求等诸多问题，亦使该犯罪行为的刑事规制效果大打折扣。所以，在该犯罪立法上应有针对性采用附属刑法进行修正，完善犯罪的特别预防与一般预防制度；司法上，积极回应被害人的诉求，努力克服刑事规制过程中的各种困境，让运动员的性法益得到全面而充分的保护。  相似文献   

A situational crime prevention analysis of Anglican clergy’s child protective practices     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

To date, a predominant focus within the field of ‘clerical collar crime’ has revolved around institutional-level church responses to child sexual abuse events, survivors and offenders. Comparatively, little attention has been directed towards the micro-level and in particular, examining clerical responses to child sexual abuse. This article presents empirical findings concerning the ‘everyday’ child protective practices of Anglican clergy in the Diocese of Tasmania, Australia. Research data was acquired through open-ended qualitative interviews conducted with a sample of 34 clergy in a broader study of clerical culture, habitus and life amidst the ‘church abuse crisis’. The framework of Situational Crime Prevention is employed to evaluate the feasibility of clergy’s child-safe practices and comment on how these practices could be further altered through professional development. Research findings demonstrate that clergy possess an active awareness of risk, and execute a series of protective measures to minimise both sexual interactions with children and allegations of impropriety.  相似文献   

确认体内违禁物质来源对兴奋剂违规非故意认定的意义——从阿德米诉欧洲足联案谈起          下载免费PDF全文

王倩倩 《体育科研》2018,(3):22-29,39

世界反兴奋剂条例在“无过错和无重大过错”的定义中明确要求运动员要证明违禁物质如何进入体内，而关于“非故意”则无明文规定。在阿德米兴奋剂违规案中，国际体育仲裁院在运动员未能证实样本中违禁物质来源的前提下，运用优势证据认可其违规行为为非故意，将4年的禁赛期缩减为2年。通过对该案例的分析和对类似案件的对比，得出结论：运动员的举证责任和他获得的利益原则上成正比，运动员必须确立违禁物质如何进入体内以证明自己无过错或无重大过错，从而达到免除或缩减禁赛期的目的，参照上述规则，对于非故意可以减少一半的禁赛期这样巨大的利益也应当明确运动员的这一举证责任是必需的。  相似文献   

白俄罗斯皮划艇协会与国际皮划艇联合会体育仲裁案例评述          下载免费PDF全文

邵沁雨 《体育科研》2018,(1):17-25,34

通过对2016年白俄罗斯皮划艇协会与国际皮划艇联合会体育仲裁案例的分析，得出研究结论：禁用药物超长的代谢时间不能成为反兴奋剂规则具有溯及力的理由；虽然《世界反兴奋剂条例》第11条的规定因为存在"集体项目"这一前提而没有违反个人责任原则，但该条第12条由于规定得过于简单仍然违反了该原则；国家司法机关刑事诉讼程序中发现的兴奋剂药物证据，在刑事诉讼程序终止而证据未经质证的情况下，不能直接作为兴奋剂违规行为的认定证据。  相似文献   

可宥性事由：体育竞赛“越轨”行为出罪的又一考量因素     

刘峰江 《河北体育学院学报》2020,34(6):9-16

可宥性事由源于英美刑事诉讼中的可抗辩事由，与正当化事由联袂构成行为出罪理论的基石。与正当化事由不同，可宥性事由已经僭越了法定的行为正当化条件，行为的违法性首先被肯定，只是在责任归属上寻求宽恕性处理。引入可宥性事由，可丰富体育竞赛行为入罪和出罪的相关内容，便于司法统一判定。分析认为，体育竞赛行为可宥性事由成立，要满足体育赛事本身具有合法性和正规性、主体仅针对运动员、行为局限于体育竞赛行为、违法目的“单纯”性、行为以“反规则”为前提等条件。入罪和出罪的类型化有利于定罪和量刑的规范化，分别对竞技伤害行为、滥用兴奋剂行为、假球等竞赛舞弊行为适用可宥性事由予以出罪抑或减轻处罚的情形进行具体分析。最后，指出体育竞赛运动员可宥性事由行为入罪不能忽视运动员自由保障的理念，且尽量避免选择性刑事司法。  相似文献   

Exposure to crime and academic achievement: A case study for Costa Rica using PISA data     

《Studies in Educational Evaluation》2020

We analyse the effect of violent crime on students' results in Costa Rica. The combination of PISA data and highly disaggregated information on crime at the district level is a main contribution of this article. Our methodological approach provides also some novelties in the field, the most important being the use of a simultaneous equations model solved with instrumental variables. This allows us to obtain unbiased and efficient estimators in the presence of simultaneity between education and crime. We conclude that exposure to crime, measured by the homicide rate, has a negative and significant impact on academic achievement. This effect is particularly important in the case of students attending schools situated in districts with a lower social development.  相似文献   

女性自由之旅:罪恶或乌托邦     

张灿荣 《泉州师范学院学报》2003,21(5):61-67

女性自由的问题必然与当代女性写作遭遇。作为现代性追求中不同阶段的女性写作，同样创作于20世纪末的池莉小说、林白小说和朱天小说，其具有典型性的本个案，共同呈示了女性写作中女性自由的歧途与启示：罪恶游戏或乌托邦想象。这一现象表明了当代女性自我认同及性别自由的限度和可能。  相似文献