法治视角下我国运动员参赛资格管理的改革与创新     

王家宏  辜德宏 《成都体育学院学报》2020,(2):11-19

文章运用文献资料法对我国运动员参赛资格存在的典型问题及特点、运动员参赛资格改革的困境进行了分析,在此基础上借鉴权利保障、公平竞争、程序正义原则,提出了我国运动员参赛资格管理改革的几点建议。研究认为:我国运动员参赛资格存在的典型问题为,尖子运动员无法获得参赛资格、运动员的竞争优势被蓄意改变、运动员参赛行为遭受人为干扰;其特点主要表现为,问题主要集中发生在我国的传统优势项目,运动员处于弱势被支配地位,运动员较难争取应得权益。改革的困境主要在于,管理机构设置方面,选拔主体与审批主体同构,权力缺乏制约;管理理念方面,国家利益或集体利益高于一切,个人利益有时成为牺牲品;管理流程方面,自由裁量空间大,选拔程序尚待规范;管理手段方面,监督和约束手段相对单一,管理亟需优化。研究建议:逐步做实项目协会和奥委会,体育行政部门负责监督、审计和政治审查;严禁参赛资格的利益交换,以法治代人治,保障运动员的合理权益;建构规范的管理流程,明晰选拔标准、程序及选拔主体权限,提升管理效能;完善内部救济机制,司法适度介入,提升运动员参赛资格的权利保障和救济水平。  相似文献   

认知负荷对乒乓球运动员注意空间的影响*     

杨〓义  岳珍珠 《广州体育学院学报》2019,(2):99-101

目的 同时注意空间中多个目标刺激对于乒乓球运动员非常重要。考察认知负荷对青少年乒乓球运动员注意分布的影响。方法：实验中采用计算机行为实验，控制认知负荷（同时注意的目标数量为2、4或6个），并且在不同注意范围（离中央注视点3°、6°和9°视角）的位置上同时呈现刺激，要求被试对刺激的亮度变化做辨别反应。结果：:认知负荷对于乒乓球运动员的注意范围有显著调节。当刺激个数为2时，在3°和6°视角条件下呈现的刺激反应时均显著快于9°视角条件下的刺激。当刺激个数为4时，视角为3°条件下的反应时快于视角为6°和9°时的反应时，而视角为6°时又比视角为9°时的反应时显著要快。当刺激个数为6时，视角为3°时的反应时均快于视角为6°和9°时的反应时。结论：当前研究证明随着认知负荷增加，乒乓球运动员注意焦点范围显著缩小。可以通过测量运动员在高负荷条件下注意焦点的范围来进行运动员的选拔。  相似文献   

Systems model and individual simulations of training strategies in elite short-track speed skaters     

Thibaut Méline  Ludovic Mathieu  Fabio Borrani  Robin Candau 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(3):347-355

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of simulated training strategies on performance potential in elite short-track speed skaters. Training load and field-based criterion performances from fifteen athletes (10 males, 5 females) were collected over a 3-month training period and the relationship between training loads and performance was computed with a variable dose-response model using a genetic algorithm. Individual simulations of tapers preceded or not preceded by an overload training (OT) were assessed. We obtained a significant correlation between actual and modelled performances (R² = 0.76 ± 0.07). Regarding model parameters, no significant difference was found between males and females but the time to recover performance tended to be lower in females. Simulations in which the taper parameters were free highlighted that an exponential or a step taper were the most effective for increasing performance compared to a linear taper (p < 0.05). Optimal exponential taper duration after OT was 10.7 ± 2.4d and the optimal load reduction was 75.9 ± 3.7%. OT intensity had the greatest influence on the predicted performance, followed by OT duration, taper decay, and to a lesser extent load reduction during taper and taper duration. Thus, a variable dose-response systems model allows the evaluation of different taper strategies and their potential effect on performance changes.  相似文献   

The effect of smartphones and playing video games on decision-making in soccer players: A crossover and randomised study     

Leonardo S. Fortes  Dalton De Lima-Junior  Lenamar Fiorese  José R. A. Nascimento-Júnior  Arnaldo L. Mortatti  Maria E. C. Ferreira 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(5):552-558

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of the use of social networks in smartphones or playing video games on the passing decision-making performance in professional soccer athletes. Participants were 25 male professional soccer athletes (mean ± SD: age 23.4 ± 2.8 years). The participants performed three randomised conditions divided into three groups: control (CON), smartphone (SMA), and video game (VID). Before and after each experimental condition, the Stroop Task assessed the level of induced mental fatigue. Then, the athletes performed a simulated soccer match. A CANON® camera recorded the matches for further analysis on passing decision-making performance. A group effect was identified (p < .01) with impairment on passing decision-making performance for the SMA (p = .01, ES = 0.5) and VID (p = .01, ES = 0.5) conditions. We concluded that the use of social networks on smartphones and/or playing video games right before official soccer matches might impair the passing decision-making performance in professional soccer athletes.  相似文献   

体育强国视域下我国网球的发展趋势     

黄中俊 《体育科技文献通报》2020,(6):74-75,82

近几年来,我国网球运动蓬勃发展,前程似锦,但是世界级网球高手随处闪现,在技战术水平、心理素质等都优于同龄中国选手。不难发现,我国距离体育强调还有很长一段距离,只有大家齐心协力,共同努力,明确网球发展动向,才能实现体育大国向体育强国的跨越。因此,本文首先介绍新时期体育强国的要求,然后分析我国网球与世界网球强国的差距,最后研究体育强国视域下我国网球发展趋势。  相似文献   

The effect of athletic expertise and trait emotional intelligence on decision-making     

Robert Vaughan  Sylvain Laborde  Christopher McConville 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(2):225-233

The quality of decision and assessment of risk are key determinants of successful sport performance. Athletes differ fundamentally in their decision-making ability according to their athletic expertise level. Moreover, given the influence of emotions on decision-making, it is likely that a trait reflecting emotional functioning, trait emotional intelligence, may also influence decision-making. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the respective contribution of athletic expertise and trait emotional intelligence to non-athletic decision-making. In total, 269 participants aged between 18 and 26 years with a range of athletic experience i.e. none (n?=?71), novice (n?=?54), amateur (n?=?55), elite (n?=?45) and super-elite (n?=?44), completed the Emotional Intelligence Scale and the Cambridge Gambling Task. Regression modelling indicated a significant positive relationship of athletic expertise and trait emotional intelligence with the quality of decision-making, and a negative relationship with deliberation time and risk-taking. Cognitive skills transfer may explain the higher decision-making scores associated with higher athletic expertise, while individuals with higher trait emotional intelligence may anticipate better the emotional consequences linked with a gambling task, which may help individuals make better decisions and take less risks.  相似文献   

困境与出路：我国性侵运动员犯罪行为的刑事规制探究          下载免费PDF全文

王桢 《河北体育学院学报》2019,33(1):19-27

近年来，性侵运动员的犯罪行为频发，成为国际社会聚焦的热点。以此审视我国运动员性法益的保护，虽有强奸罪、强制猥亵罪的刑事立法，却缺乏对该犯罪行为特殊性的深入思考，既不能在惩治犯罪人方面达到理想效果，亦不能在预防犯罪方面发挥良好功能。同时，司法中的“以纪代法”、针对性缺乏、未回应被害人需求等诸多问题，亦使该犯罪行为的刑事规制效果大打折扣。所以，在该犯罪立法上应有针对性采用附属刑法进行修正，完善犯罪的特别预防与一般预防制度；司法上，积极回应被害人的诉求，努力克服刑事规制过程中的各种困境，让运动员的性法益得到全面而充分的保护。  相似文献   

瑜伽对田径运动员运动性疲劳恢复的可行性分析     

刘平  苑廷刚  程泓人  韩鹏鹏 《体育科技文献通报》2020,(1):46-48

本文使用文献资料法、综述法、比较法、逻辑分析法等科研方法,针对瑜伽对心理和生理功能的作用和运动员的运动性疲劳两方面进行综述对照研究,探究得出:将瑜伽放松练习运用于田径运动员运动性疲劳恢复中的意义,并且提出将瑜伽练习运用于田径运动员的运动性疲劳恢复训练当中。  相似文献   

高校篮球运动员专项体能特征分析研究     

金彬彬  陈清 《体育科技文献通报》2020,(4):171-171,175

在篮球运动当中,专项体能培养是帮助运动员熟练掌握篮球技能并进行实战应用的重要条件。文章采用文献资料等,根据分析高校篮球运动员的专项体能的特征,提出了有效培养高校篮球运动员的专项体能训练的手段与办法,旨为进一步推进高校篮球专项体能训练的发展。  相似文献   

A Social Ecological Framework: Counselors' Role in Improving Student Athletes' Help‐Seeking Behaviors     

Aviry L. Reich  Jeffrey J. Milroy  David L. Wyrick  Stephen P. Hebard 《Journal of College Counseling》2021,24(1):81-96

Student athletes' demands increase their risk for experiencing mental health concerns (Ryan et al., 2018). Risk factors for student athletes include coping with athletic success and failure; balancing dual roles; dealing with identity confusion; and experiencing isolation, injury, career termination, and burnout (Beauchemin, 2012; G. T. Brown, 2014). Using the social ecological model, we review factors that interfere with student athletes' help‐seeking behaviors and propose recommendations for the ways counselors can address these barriers in the roles of educator, advocate, and therapist.  相似文献