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途中跑技术在田径短距离跑项目中是最重要的一个技术环节,对短跑成绩起决定作用. 目前,我国短跑运动停滞不前,关键一环是运动员途中跑的能力没有得到有效的提高.通过和世界优秀运动员的比较,从运动技术、运动能力、能量供应等不同角度,分析影响我国短跑运动员途中跑能力的问题所在,提出解决的有效途径,供大家在以后的教学训练中参考. 相似文献
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The ankle joint’s role in shock absorption during landing has been researched in many studies, which have found that landing with higher amounts of plantarflexion (PF) results in lower peak vertical ground reaction forces and loading rates. However, there has not yet been a study that compares drop landings within participants along a quantitative continuum of PF angles. Using a custom-written real-time feedback program, participants adjusted their ankles to an instructed PF angle and dropped onto two force platforms. For increasing PF, peak ground reaction force and peak loading rate during weight acceptance decreased significantly. The hip’s contribution to peak support moment decreased as PF at initial contact increased up to 30°. The ankle and knee contributions increased over this same continuum of PF angles. There appears to be no optimal PF angle based on peak ground reaction force and loading rate measurements, but there may be an optimum where joint contributions to peak support moment converge and the hip moment’s contribution is minimised. 相似文献
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Ayako Higashihara Yasuharu Nagano Takashi Ono Toru Fukubayashi 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(12):1313-1318
This study aimed to investigate activation characteristics of the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles during the acceleration and maximum-speed phases of sprinting. Lower-extremity kinematics and electromyographic (EMG) activities of the BFlh and ST muscles were examined during the acceleration sprint and maximum-speed sprint in 13 male sprinters during an overground sprinting. Differences in hamstring activation during each divided phases and in the hip and knee joint angles and torques at each time point of the sprinting gait cycle were determined between two sprints. During the early stance of the acceleration sprint, the hip extension torque was significantly greater than during the maximum-speed sprint, and the relative EMG activation of the BFlh muscle was significantly higher than that of the ST muscle. During the late stance and terminal mid-swing of maximum-speed sprint, the knee was more extended and a higher knee flexion moment was observed compared to the acceleration sprint, and the ST muscle showed higher activation than that of the BFlh. These results indicate that the functional demands of the medial and lateral hamstring muscles differ between two different sprint performances. 相似文献
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杨小芳 《河北体育学院学报》2016,30(3):81-85
采用三维高速摄像技术和运动生物力学原理,对后旋踢技术身体重心移动、动作所用时间、踝关节角度、膝关节角度和髋关节角度的运动学特征进行比较分析,得出结论:踢击腿在离地瞬间身体重心要快速向回旋方向移动;踢击腿膝关节最大程度弯曲,以缩短动作时间、加快踢击速度;踢击腿髋关节只有最大程度地弯曲,弯曲的膝关节才能快速展开;踢击腿的髋关节最大程度弯曲再打开时,踝关节能快速鞭打;支撑腿弯曲后在踢击腿踢出的瞬间,髋关节开始伸展,将对打击高度产生影响;踢击腿膝关节和髋关节最大程度弯曲时能增加击打力度. 相似文献
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范育飞 《体育成人教育学刊》2011,27(4):69-70
利用Con-Trex等速肌力测试与训练系统,以180°/s、120°/s、60°/s的3种角速度对13名男子优秀自行车运动员和13名女子优秀自行车运动员左腿髋关节进行等速向心收缩测试。获得了相应的等速向心收缩的伸屈肌峰值力矩、伸屈肌总功、伸屈肌平均功率等指标,并结合项目特点分析各角速度下指标的差异。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to analyse associations between lean soft tissue (LST), a surrogate of skeletal muscle mass and key fracture-related geometric characteristics of the proximal femur. Moreover, we examined the role that muscle played on the proximal femur geometry in response to physical activity (PA). Participants were 83 young adults. Leg LST (exposure) was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Proximal femur geometry was derived from a left hip DXA scan. Geometric variables (outcomes) included the femoral neck axis length (FNAL), the femoral neck width (FNW), the neck–shaft angle and FNW|FNAL (an index of robustness). PA was evaluated by accelerometry. Linear regression was used to analyse relationships. Additional exposure variables included body height and mass. In males, leg LST explained 17.4% of variation in FNAL (P < 0.001) and 15% in FNW (P = 0.015). In females, it explained 8.8% of the variance in FNAL (P = 0.020). Associations remained significant in males, but not in females, when vigorous PA was added to the models. These results suggest that public health approaches to promote PA may be particularly important in females since vigorous PA seems to convey advantages in femur geometry and consequently in bone strength. 相似文献
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研究目的:跳远起跳过程中髋关节技术特征是跳远动作中最为重要的部分,对提高与改进跳远起跳技术有着重要的影响,掌握在跳远的起跳、着板、缓冲、蹬伸阶段"送髋"的角度和方法,为提高我国跳远水平提供具体量化参考指标。研究方法:根据我国运动员调控髋关节运动的状况和国内与国外优秀运动员跳高的差距,通过对比研究起跳过程中髋关节技术特征。研究结果和结论:跳远运动必须合理地完善起跳技术动作,在训练中专门发展髋关节肌肉的力量,以及髋关节灵活性,有意识地运用髋关节动作协调非常重要。 相似文献
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田径速度性项群“髋动力”研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近年来,在田径速度性项群中尤其是短跑途中跑动力来源论的研究一直成为争论的热点话题,然而研究较为突出的"髋动力"来源论已普遍被大家所接受.通过对"髋动力"学说进行综述研究,对"髋动力"研究的思路作进一步梳理,阐释"髋动力"来源论的科学性、合理性,旨在为今后的教学和训练提供科学的理论依据. 相似文献
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引起手术后关节脱位的因素有许多,可以从患者情况、假体设计、手术操作和康复护理这几个方面来考虑。假体置入位置欠佳、两侧软组织不平衡(尤其是外展肌的破坏)是造成THR术后脱位的主要原因;术前全面评价患者局部情况,并注意一些骨性标记的变异,术中注意正确安装假体,仔细清理髋臼周围的骨赘与骨水泥以及注意髋周围软组织的修复,关闭伤口前认真检查手术髋的稳定性,是预防THR术后脱位的有效措施。 相似文献
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