'She just got me’: supporting care experienced young people negotiating relationships and identities at school     

Gale Macleod  Robin Dallas-Childs  Colin Brough  Martin Toye 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2021,21(Z1):25-35

In this article we examine the complex relationship between care experience, mental health and exclusion from school and how young people (YP) negotiate these different experiences and identities. The study is a secondary analysis, informed by symbolic interactionist theory, of interviews conducted with 19 care experienced YP in Scotland. Not all of the YP were excluded and not all had a formal mental health diagnosis, as such our study design allows interrogation of the contexts and relationships which not only facilitate but also disrupt pathways to exclusion. It also allows reconsideration of assumptions of vulnerability which are often applied to care experienced YP. Our findings suggest that these YP are moving beyond ‘role playing’ the identities ascribed to them and actively seek out relationships which enable them to construct alternative identities.  相似文献   

体育锻炼促进本科女生学习效率的实证研究     

果梅  刘振卿  李鑫  刘鹏飞  陈萍 《体育科技文献通报》2020,(5):85-86

本研究通过量表信效度检测、设计量表、相关性分析,以北京工业大学本科女生群体作为调查对象,探究本科女生体育锻炼与其学习效率是否具有相关性。最终通过数据分析得到,本科女生体育锻炼与其学习效率成正相关性,故基于"线上线下"、"课上课下"角度一级北京工业大学校园资源建设的实际情况,提出相对应的措施来促进北京工业大学本科女生体育锻炼水平,进而提升其学习效率。  相似文献   

Acute cardiovascular responses to interval exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis     

Kym Joanne Price  Brett Ashley Gordon  Stephen Richard Bird  Amanda Clare Benson 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(9):970-984

ABSTRACT

Interval exercise training is increasingly recommended to improve health and fitness; however, it is not known if cardiovascular risk is different from continuous exercise protocols. This systematic review with meta-analyses assessed the effect of a single bout of interval exercise on cardiovascular responses that indicate risk of cardiac fibrillation and infarction compared to continuous exercise. Electronic databases Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane were searched. Key inclusion criteria were: (1) intervals of the same intensity and duration followed by a recovery period and (2) reporting at least one of blood pressure, heart rate variability, arterial stiffness or function. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and GRADE approach were used. Meta-analyses found that systolic blood pressure responses to interval exercise did not differ from responses to continuous exercise immediately (MD 8 mmHg [95% CI ?32, 47], p = 0.71) or at 60 min following exercise (MD 0 mmHg [95% CI ?2, 1], p = 0.79). However, reductions in diastolic blood pressure and flow-mediated dilation with interval exercise were observed 10–15 min post-exercise. The available evidence indicates that interval exercise does not convey higher cardiovascular risk than continuous exercise. Further investigation is required to establish the safety of interval exercise for clinical populations.  相似文献   

适应性完美主义、自主动机对青少年锻炼坚持性的影响:父母自主支持的调节效应     

董宝林  毛丽娟 《上海体育学院学报》2020,(2):11-21

目的考察适应性完美主义、自主动机对青少年锻炼坚持性的综合影响,检验父母自主支持的调节效应。方法修订父母社会背景调查问卷(家长报告)的自主支持分量表、中文Frost多维度完美主义问卷的个人标准和条理性分量表、因果控制点知觉量表和青少年户外运动坚持性量表,对2230名12~18岁青少年及其家长进行调查,分析适应性完美主义对青少年锻炼坚持性的间接影响。结果父母自主支持、青少年的适应性完美主义和自主动机对锻炼坚持性正向影响皆显著,分别解释了3.7%、30.3%和38.3%的变异;在适应性完美主义与青少年锻炼坚持性的影响链条上,自主动机的中介效应、父母自主支持的中介调节效应、性别的调节中介效应皆显著,三者共同的间接效应值为0.426,占总效应的77.45%。结论适应性完美主义既能直接影响青少年的锻炼坚持性,又能通过自主动机的中介而间接作用于锻炼坚持性;父母对青少年体育锻炼的自主支持能够对青少年的适应性完美主义和锻炼自主动机产生积极的调节作用;相较于女性青少年,男性青少年的锻炼自主动机更强烈、锻炼亦更具坚持性。  相似文献   

‘I would say nine times out of 10 they come to the LSA rather than the teacher’. The role of teaching assistants in supporting children's mental health     

Ida Conboy 《Support for Learning》2021,36(3):380-399

This research explored how seven primary school teaching assistants (TAs) experienced their role in supporting children's mental health. Interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The participants believed that they supported children's mental health and particularly referenced the close relationships that they formed with children. Throughout their accounts of supporting children, the TAs referenced helpful factors (e.g. support from other staff) and challenges (e.g. hierarchy) within the school system. Supporting children’s mental health was an emotional experience for the TAs; they discussed the rewarding element, however, the topic also elicited fear. The findings provide several implications for school staff and external professionals about how TAs can be supported in their role. These include involving TAs in training opportunities, providing TAs with supervision, considering communication systems in schools, and introducing a mental health policy.  相似文献   

视力康复背景下体育锻炼与儿童动态视力关系研究及启示          下载免费PDF全文

潘景玲  蔡赓  殷荣宾  孙雷  王国祥 《体育科研》2019,(1):90-95

目的：探讨动态视力在不同类型体育项目间的发展特征，为体育锻炼改善视力的应用研究提供依据。方法：选取6~10岁无专门体育训练经历的在校学生和参加足球、乒乓球、跆拳道、空手道、游泳、体操等项目的俱乐部或体校学生，共603名。使用动态视力检测仪和标准对数视力灯箱测量动态视力和静态视力。计算动静比（动态视力/静态视力），并将其作为衡量动态视力发展水平的指标。结果：6~7岁是动态视力发展的敏感期（P＜0.05），8岁、10岁男性儿童的动静比高于女性儿童，且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。校外体育练习组的动静比高于普通在校学生组（P＜0.05），开放性运动项目的动静比高于闭锁性运动项目（P＜0.05）。结论：参加体育锻炼对动态视力的发展有积极的影响，且不同运动项目的影响效果不同。  相似文献   

不同负荷运动训练对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体三羧酸循环的影响及其机制研究     

李洁  杨静  赵丽丽 《武汉体育学院学报》2019,53(5):88-94

目的：探讨不同负荷运动训练对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体三羧酸循环的影响及其机制。方法：将雄性Wistar大鼠50只随机均分为5组：安静对照组（C）、低负荷运动训练组（LT）、中等负荷运动训练组（MT）、高负荷运动训练组（HT）和极高负荷运动训练组（ST），每组10只。各运动组分别进行6周的跑台运动训练。训练方案结束后，取腓肠肌样本，提取线粒体，测定线粒体柠檬酸合成酶（CS）、异柠檬酸脱氢酶（ICD）和α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶（α-KGDHC）活性；线粒体Ga²⁺含量、胞浆NADH、NAD⁺、ATP和ADP含量，以及ICD mRNA转录水平。结果：（1）不同负荷运动训练组线粒体CS、ICD和α-KGDHC的活性均显著高于安静对照组（P < 0.01），且CS和ICD活性由高到低顺序均为：MT组 > HT组 > ST组 > LT组 > C组，α-KGDHC活性由高到低顺序为：HT组 > MT组 > ST组 > LT组 > C组。（2）不同负荷运动训练组线粒体Ca²⁺ 含量均显著高于安静对照组（P < 0.01），其含量由高到低顺序为：MT组 > HT组 > ST组 > LT组 > C组；胞浆NADH/NAD⁺和ATP/ADP的比值均显著低于安静对照组（P < 0.01），其比值由低到高顺序为：MT组 < ST组 < HT组 < LT组 < C组。（3）不同负荷运动训练组ICD mRNA转录水平均高于安静对照组（P < 0.01），其水平由高到低顺序为： MT组 > HT组 > ST组 > LT组 > C组。结论：低负荷、中等负荷、高负荷及极高负荷运动训练均可提高大鼠骨骼肌线粒体三羧酸循环功能，且中等负荷运动训练效果最佳。其机制与胞浆NADH/NAD⁺和ATP/ADP比值、线粒体摄钙能力及限速酶基因的表达有关。  相似文献   

Anabolic–androgenic steroid use and correlates in Norwegian adolescents     

Morten Renslo Sandvik  Anders Bakken  Sigmund Loland 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(6):903-910

This paper surveys the prevalence and correlates of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) use among Norwegian adolescents, and examines the degree to which sports participation is a mediating or moderating factor to well-known correlations between AAS use and problem behaviour. The data come from the “Ungdata” study, a cross-national youth survey system offered to all municipalities in Norway (response rate: 74%, N?=?77,572). The study demonstrates a lifetime prevalence of AAS use of 1.27% and a higher prevalence among boys (1.81%) than girls (0.76%). The analyses show that AAS use is clearly related to problem behaviour such as violence and other substance use. When controlling for problem behaviour, there are no correlations between AAS use and exercising in a sports club or on one’s own, whilst there is a weak positive correlation between AAS use and exercising in a gym or engaging in other forms of physical exercise such as dancing or martial arts. These patterns are more or less the same for boys and for girls. We conclude that adolescent AAS use is a low-prevalence phenomenon that primarily takes place in smaller subgroups of individuals who engage in other forms of problem behaviour as well.  相似文献   

Acute effects of different warm-up protocols on highly skilled golfers’ drive performance     

Ben L. Langdown  Jack E.T. Wells  Sean Graham  Matt W. Bridge 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(6):656-664

Previous research has highlighted the positive effect that different warm-up protocols have on golf performance (e.g. Sorbie et al., 2016; Tilley & Macfarlane, 2012) with the design of warm-ups and programmes targeting and improving golf performance through the activation and development of specific muscle groups. This study aimed to examine the acute effects of two warm-up protocols on golf drive performance in comparison to a control condition. Using a randomised counterbalanced design over three testing sessions, twenty-three highly skilled golfers completed the control, dynamic and resistance-band warm-up conditions. Following each condition, a GC2 launch monitor was used to record ball velocity and other launch parameters of ten shots hit with the participants’ own driver. A repeated-measures ANOVA found significant increases in ball velocity (η_p² = .217) between the control and both the dynamic and resistance-band warm-up conditions but no difference between these latter two, and a reduction in launch angle between control and dynamic conditions. The use of either a dynamic stretching or resistance-band warm-up can have acute benefits on ball velocity but golfers should liaise with a PGA Professional golf coach to effectively integrate this into their golf driving performance.  相似文献   

How are parental functioning and single parenthood associated with court outcomes? An analysis of child protection cases     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

Impaired parental functioning and single parenthood are considered risk factors for child maltreatment and being involved in the child protection context. Past research has shown that an impaired mental functioning and being a single parent are indicators of limited parenting resources. These risk factors are likely to be considered by family judges, which might lead to more intrusive court decisions concerning parental custody. To date, court data have rarely been investigated. The present study examined parental mental health and single parenthood using data from family law proceedings. The role of the fathers has been understudied and the few existing studies yielded contradictory results with respect to fathers’ involvement as risk or protective factor. Therefore, the study included both fathers’ data and mothers’ data. A total of 220 child protection court files with 343 affected children were coded using a category system. Parental mental health was coded as parental functioning in daily life and was significantly associated with the court outcome. Multilevel mediation analyses showed a significant indirect effect of maternal functioning on the intrusiveness of the court decisions via child maltreatment. Single motherhood moderated the effect: The indirect effect was more pronounced for single mothers. This study contributes to a better understanding of the population getting before court and the judicial process. Psychological attributes do play a role in the decision-making of judges; and taking the role of the fathers into account is necessary.  相似文献