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1.
目的:比较两种大强度间歇训练手段对优秀自行车运动员有氧运动能力的影响。方法:将15名备战全国“十三运”的云南省自行车队男子运动员随机分为3组, S组训练方案采用SIT/耐力训练, H组训练方案采用HIIT/耐力训练, C组为对照组,进行传统耐力性训练;训练持续3周。训练前后进行递增负荷测试和有氧运动能力测试,测试指标包括最大摄氧量绝对值(VO2max)、最大摄氧量相对值(VO2max/kg)、每分通气量(VE)、最大心率(HRmax),并通过公式计算每搏输出量(SV),以及测试递增负荷后即刻血乳酸(BLA)、最大有氧功率(P)和40 km个人计时成绩进行了测试。结果:(1)3周训练后,S组运动员VE、HRmax、SV、VO2max、VO2max/kg、P和ITT40km均较训练前有显著性提高(P<0.05);H组运动员VE、VO2max/kg、ITT40km较训练前有显著性增加(P<0.05),BLA有显著性的下降(P<0.05)。(2)S组运动员ΔVE、ΔHRmax、ΔSV、ΔVO2max、ΔVO2max/kg、ΔBLA、ΔITT40km显著提升(P<0.05),且优于其余两组;H组仅ΔITT40km存在明显提升(P<0.05)。结论:间歇训练结合耐力训练对优秀公路自行车运动员的呼吸系统、有氧供能系统可产生积极的影响;而且,SIT结合耐力训练较HIIT结合耐力训练或传统耐力训练更能提高公路自行车运动员的有氧代谢能力和有氧运动能力,训练效果更佳。  相似文献   
2.
This study examined the validity and reliability of a 30-second running sprint test using two non-motorized treadmills compared to the established Wingate Anaerobic Test. Twenty-four participants completed three sessions in a randomized order on a: (1) manual mode treadmill (Woodway); (2) specialized interval training treadmill (HiTrainer); and (3) Wingate cycle ergometer. In a subset of 15 participants, 2 additional sessions were completed on both treadmills to establish the test–retest reliability. Peak (Woodway: r = .68; HiTrainer: r = .58; p < .003), average (Woodway: r = .82; HiTrainer: r = .72, p < .001), and minimum (Woodway: r = .64; HiTrainer: r = .42, p < .043) speed indices were moderately to very strongly correlated with corresponding Wingate Anaerobic Test outputs and had excellent test–retest reliability (all intraclass correlation coefficients > .75). Fatigue index during the Wingate Anaerobic Test (51.20 ± 7.14%) was moderately correlated with the Woodway (32.9 ± 10.9%, r = .55, p = .005) only. This 30-second running sprint test may be a valid and reliable mode-specific alternative to the Wingate Anaerobic Test.  相似文献   
3.
Many students find understanding confidence intervals difficult, especially because of the amalgamation of concepts such as confidence levels, standard error, point estimates and sample sizes. An R Shiny application was created to assist the learning process of confidence intervals using graphics and data from the US National Basketball Association.  相似文献   
4.
Using a randomised cross-over design, free-living lunch intake and subjective appetite were examined in 10 children (9.8 ± 0.6 years) following high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus a control sedentary (SED) period, within a school setting. The 22-min HIIT took place during a regular PE lesson and consisted of two rounds of 4 × 30 s sprints. Foods were offered at a regular school lunch immediately following HIIT and SED and were matched between conditions. All food was covertly weighed before and after the meal. Hunger, fullness and prospective consumption were reported immediately before and after HIIT/SED, using visual analogue scales. Heart rate was higher during HIIT than SED (159.3 ± 23.1 vs. 76.9 ± 2.2 bpm, < 0.05). Lunch energy intake was not different (P = 0.52) following HIIT, compared to SED (2.06 ± 0.35 vs. 2.09 ± 0.29 MJ, respectively). There were no significant differences in macronutrient intake or subjective appetite (P > 0.05). Results suggest that HIIT can be implemented in a PE lesson immediately before lunch, without causing a compensatory increase in food consumption.  相似文献   
5.
ABSTRACT

Interval exercise training is increasingly recommended to improve health and fitness; however, it is not known if cardiovascular risk is different from continuous exercise protocols. This systematic review with meta-analyses assessed the effect of a single bout of interval exercise on cardiovascular responses that indicate risk of cardiac fibrillation and infarction compared to continuous exercise. Electronic databases Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane were searched. Key inclusion criteria were: (1) intervals of the same intensity and duration followed by a recovery period and (2) reporting at least one of blood pressure, heart rate variability, arterial stiffness or function. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and GRADE approach were used. Meta-analyses found that systolic blood pressure responses to interval exercise did not differ from responses to continuous exercise immediately (MD 8 mmHg [95% CI ?32, 47], p = 0.71) or at 60 min following exercise (MD 0 mmHg [95% CI ?2, 1], p = 0.79). However, reductions in diastolic blood pressure and flow-mediated dilation with interval exercise were observed 10–15 min post-exercise. The available evidence indicates that interval exercise does not convey higher cardiovascular risk than continuous exercise. Further investigation is required to establish the safety of interval exercise for clinical populations.  相似文献   
6.
Teachers always played a significant role in the intellectual and moral development of students by using various techniques, assessments, and methods to improve student achievement in school's subjects. This study therefore focuses on the effect of teacher factors, such as assessment interval, communication language, the distance of residence, and the teacher's personal characteristics (gender, age, academic and professional qualification, designation, experience, and in-service training) on the 9th grade students' achievement in three subjects (English, Chemistry, and Mathematics at secondary level). The population of the study is comprised of all "public sector" secondary schools, male and female teachers, and boy and girl students. A total number of 16 secondary schools (eight for boys and eight for girls), 114 secondary school teachers (66 males and 48 females), and 2,404 students (1,400 boys and 1,004 girls) were selected through purposive sampling techniques. Multiple statistical procedures, Spearman and Pearson correlation, mean, and standard deviation were employed to obtain stronger validity to the study. The results of the study identify weak and negative weak relationship between most of the teacher factors and student achievement in three subjects but the relationship between students' background and learning achievement in all three subjects were found positively correlated.  相似文献   
7.
在建立高校科技创新能力评价指标体系的基础上,运用区间赋值法来处理原始数据区间跨度大导致评价结 果区分度不明显的缺点。从创新投入和创新产出两个方面评价了高校的科技创新能力。评价结果显示安徽省35所高校 中大部分高校的创新能力处于中等水平,而且创新投入产出效率低于预期效果。此研究结果有助于全面了解安徽省高 校自主创新能力,为相关部门提供决策依据。  相似文献   
8.
在大多数《数学分析》课本中主要采用循环式方法来证明实数完备性的六个等价命题,而用其中的一个命题(即闭区间套定理)来证明其余五个命题成立,能让读者和学生更好地掌握一种证明方法,有效地证明某些具有特殊性质的点的存在性,这为讨论某些特殊点的存在性提供了重要方法,同时这种方法也广泛地运用在科学研究和日常生活中.  相似文献   
9.
摘要:目的: 探讨心脏NRG1在间歇运动激活心梗(myocardial infarction,MI)大鼠心肌NRG1-PI3K/Akt通路抑制心肌细胞凋亡的作用。方法:雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分为假手术组(S),心梗安静组(MI),心梗+间歇运动组(ME),心梗+间歇运动+抑制剂组(MEA),每组12只。采用左冠脉前降支结扎法建立MI模型。S组手术仅穿线不结扎。ME组和MEA组在MI术后1wk进行跑台间歇运动。运动开始速度为10m/min运动10min后,速度逐渐增至25m/min×7 min,再以15 m/min×3min运动,之后依次交替进行。60min×1次/d,5d/1wk×8wk。训练结束后次日,腹腔麻醉,颈动脉插管测定LVSP、LVEDP及±dp/dtmax。之后开胸摘取心脏,进行组织学制片,Masson染色。荧光实时定量PCR测定心肌NRG1及其受体ErbB2/4表达。Western Blot法检测心肌NRG1、ErbB2/4、PI3K/Akt、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白含量。Caspase3表达及TUNEL检测观察分析心肌细胞凋亡情况。结果: MI组胶原容积百分比(CVF)和LVEDP较S组显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.01),LVSP和±dp/dtmax显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01)。且MI后心肌ErbB4 mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.01),心肌NRG1、ErbB2和ErbB4蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01),PI3K/Akt蛋白表达及Bcl-2/Bax比值显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01),TUNEL阳性细胞数和Caspase3活力显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01)。ME组CVF和LVEDP较MI组显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01),LVSP和±dp/dtmax显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.01),心肌NRG1、ErbB2和ErbB4 mRNA及蛋白表达均显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01),PI3K/Akt蛋白表达和Bcl-2/Bax比值显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01),TUNEL阳性细胞数和Caspase3活力显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01),且运动效应被抑制剂AG1478显著减弱。结论:间歇运动可通过激活心肌NRG1及其受体表达,上调PI3K/Akt蛋白表达,抑制心肌细胞凋亡和胶原过度增生,改善心功能。  相似文献   
10.
深入剖析工业设计与企业科技活动的隶属关系,在此基础上获取工业设计投入产出值的区间范围。将COWG算子集结数据方法与效率评价方法相结合建立了适合评价投入产出为区间值的DEA模型,在此基础上构建工业设计资本累积存量计算模型,运用模型详细分析顺德制造企业工业设计投入产出效率,并根据实证分析结果对提高顺德制造企业工业设计效率给出了建议。  相似文献   
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