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1.
Takahito Iga Hiroyuki Nunome Shinya Sano Nahoko Sato Yasuo Ikegami 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2018,17(4):477-493
To assess ball impact force during soccer kicking is important to quantify from both performance and chronic injury prevention perspectives. We aimed to verify the appropriateness of previous models used to estimate ball impact force and to propose an improved model to better capture the time history of ball impact force. A soccer ball was fired directly onto a force platform (10 kHz) at five realistic kicking ball velocities and ball behaviour was captured by a high-speed camera (5,000 Hz). The time history of ball impact force was estimated using three existing models and two new models. A new mathematical model that took into account a rapid change in ball surface area and heterogeneous ball deformation showed a distinctive advantage to estimate the peak forces and its occurrence times and to reproduce time history of ball impact forces more precisely, thereby reinforcing the possible mechanics of ‘footballer’s ankle’. Ball impact time was also systematically shortened when ball velocity increases in contrast to practical understanding for producing faster ball velocity, however, the aspect of ball contact time must be considered carefully from practical point of view. 相似文献
2.
具体分析了第 1 6届世界杯足球赛决赛阶段射门进球的规律 ,提出足球教学应强化边路传中、中路渗透和定位球的训练。 相似文献
3.
余方亮 《河北体育学院学报》2019,33(1):67-73
目的：探讨初学者在足球踢球动作技能学习过程中是否存在背景干扰效应，并分析原因。方法：以足球脚背内侧踢定位球动作技能作为学习任务，选取某大学足球专修班的33名学生为研究对象，分成对照组和两个实验组，进行10周的体育教学现场实验，对一周后保持测试的达标和技评成绩进行单因素方差分析。结果：三组保持测试的达标和技评成绩均值，在0.05水平上差异不具有显著性。结论：实验结果未能出现背景干扰效应，未能验证本研究提出的研究假设和背景干扰效应假说的最主要原因是，足球脚背内侧踢定位球的复杂性任务特征。 相似文献
4.
王兴泽 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(11):89-96+118
摘要：为了发扬民族传统体育项目的健身锻炼功效、发挥中小学踢毽子活动的育人功能，以及科学探索不同年龄阶段健康个体在学习踢毽子动作时的典型动作特征。采用现代动作学科知识理论研究民族传统体育项目是传承传统文化的具体体现，也是实施体育育人的操作手段。梳理文献资料得出U6—14阶段健康个体典型的动作发展特征，即U6—7阶段的学习运用自我、U8—9阶段的基本动作过程学习、U10—11阶段的基本运动技能的学习和应用，以及U12—14阶段的基本动作技术向专门动作技术过渡。录像观察得出踢毽子活动的动作发展序列特征，即，整体发展序列的5个阶段和4个部位发展序列的不同阶段发展特征。案例教学实验分析了义务教育阶段体育与健康课程标准、教科书、教师用书中关于踢毽子课程设置的客观性，得出U6—7阶段和U10—11阶段踢毽子课程设置难度大。本文揭示了儿童、青少年踢毽子动作的学习与掌握不仅依赖于直接教学，更要关注儿童、青少年的发展；体现儿童、青少年对特定运动项目的学习特征是自然发展的，而不应是学习与训练促成的。 相似文献
5.
为进一步了解散打运动练习者是否能正确运用正蹬腿的技击时机及掌握科学的训练方法。文章主要采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、观察法等研究方法,通过训练现状、"三度一差"比较、模拟实战等进行分析和研究。研究发现,不仅正蹬腿法运用太少,而且运用时机不够精确,"三度一差"把握欠缺,文章据此结合实际提出了合理的训练方法,以期为提高散打运动爱好者的竞技水平及有效培养提供参考。 相似文献
6.
踢毽对中老年人下肢肌肉力量和伸展的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用CybexⅡ^ 等速肌力测试系统对持续踢毽锻炼2年的广州市128名中老年人的膝关节屈、伸肌群力量进行标准化、定量化测量，结果表明：男、女屈、伸膝肌群耐力(ER)、爆发力(TAE)自身前后对照各项肌力指标均有显著性差异。 相似文献
7.
Hiroyuki Nunome Yasuo IkegamI Rumi Kozakai Tommy Apriantono Shinya Sano 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):529-541
Abstract Detailed time-series of the resultant joint moments and segmental interactions during soccer instep kicking were compared between the preferred and non-preferred kicking leg. The kicking motions of both legs were captured for five highly skilled players using a three-dimensional cinematographic technique at 200 Hz. The resultant joint moment (muscle moment) and moment due to segmental interactions (interaction moment) were computed using a two-link kinetic chain model composed of the thigh and lower leg (including shank and foot). The mechanical functioning of the muscle and interaction moments during kicking were clearly illustrated. Significantly greater ball velocity (32.1 vs. 27.1 m · s?1), shank angular velocity (39.4 vs. 31.8 rad · s?1) and final foot velocity (22.7 vs. 19.6 m · s?1) were observed for the preferred leg. The preferred leg showed a significantly greater knee muscle moment (129.9 N · m) than the non-preferred leg (93.5 N · m), while no substantial differences were found for the interaction moment between the two legs (79.3 vs. 55.7 N · m). These results indicate that the highly skilled soccer players achieved a well-coordinated inter-segmental motion for both the preferred and non-preferred leg. The faster leg swing observed for the preferred leg was most likely the result of the larger muscle moment. 相似文献
8.
Henrik S⊘rensen Morten Zacho Erik B. Simonsen Poul Dyhre‐Poulsen Klaus Klausen 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):483-495
Fast unloaded movements (i.e. striking, throwing and kicking) are typically performed in a proximo‐distal sequence, where initially high proximal segments accelerate while distal segments lag behind, after which proximal segments decelerate while distal segments accelerate. The aims of this study were to examine whether proximal segment deceleration is performed actively by antagonist muscles or is a passive consequence of distal segment movement, and whether distal segment acceleration is enhanced by proximal segment deceleration. Seventeen skilled taekwon‐do practitioners were filmed using a high‐speed camera while performing a high front kick. During kicking, EMG recordings were obtained from five major lower extremity muscles. Based on the kinematic data, inverse dynamics computations were performed yielding muscle moments and motion‐dependent moments. The results indicated that thigh deceleration was caused by motion‐dependent moments arising from lower leg motion and not by active deceleration. This was supported by the EMG recordings. Lower leg acceleration was caused partly by a knee extensor muscle moment and partly by a motion‐dependent moment arising from thigh angular velocity. Thus, lower leg acceleration was not enhanced by thigh deceleration. On the contrary, thigh deceleration, although not desirable, is unavoidable because of lower leg acceleration. 相似文献
9.
Coral Falco Javier Molina-García Octavio Álvarez Isaac Estevan 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(4):381-382
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of target distance on temporal and impact force parameters that are important performance factors in taekwondo kicks. Forty-nine taekwondo athletes (age = 24.5 ± 5.9 years; mass = 79.9 ± 10.8 kg) were recruited: 13 male experts, 21 male novices, 8 female experts, and 6 female novices. Impact force, reaction time, and execution time were computed. Three-way repeated measure ANOVAs revealed significant ‘distance’ effect on impact force, reaction time, and execution time (p = 0.001). Comparisons between distance conditions revealed that taekwondo athletes kicked with higher impact force from short distance (17.6 ± 7.5 N/kg) than from long distance (13.1 ± 5.7 N/kg) (p < 0.001), had lower reaction time from short distance (498 ± 90 ms) and normal distance (521 ± 111 ms) than from long distance (602 ± 121 ms) (p < 0.001), and had lower execution time from short distance (261 ± 69 ms/m) than from normal distance (306 ± 105 ms/m) or from long distance (350 ± 106 ms/m) (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, target distance affected the kick performance; as distance increases, impact force decreased and reaction time increased. Therefore, when reaction to a simple visual stimulus is needed, kicking from a long distance is not recommended, as longer time is required to respond. 相似文献
10.
足球运动中踢球脚有优势脚与非优势脚之分,优势脚踢球主要表现为踢球力量大、出球准确,而非优势脚则与之相反。两者摆动腿摆动特征具有相似性,但运用生物力学手段对其研究发现,优势脚与非优势脚摆动腿的摆动特征存在很多差异性,主要表现在非优势脚摆动腿的蹬地不充分、股后肌群力量较弱、小腿屈曲不充分、小腿前摆时间过早、膝关节制动太早以及小腿前摆不充分等一系列差异上。因此,平时应该加强非优势脚训练,以形成正确动力定型。 相似文献