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排序方式: 共有1215条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
ABSTRACT

Adaptive regulation of emotions is imperative for successful sport performance. However, the lion’s share of mainstream emotion regulation (ER) literature is founded on perspectives prioritising mental health, not performance. Consequently, ER strategies are predominantly classified as adaptive or maladaptive based on effectiveness in achieving targeted mental health outcomes. These conventional mental health classifications can catalyse misapplication of ER strategies within sport and other motor performance contexts when (1) ER motives are instrumentally directed towards performance enhancement and (2) Minimal consideration is given to the consequences of ER on the coordination and execution of motor actions. Herein, we review the current state of relevant ER research within and outside of sport contexts. We also present a novel conceptual framework, the Temporal Influence Model of Emotion Regulation (TIMER). TIMER proposes that ER strategies exert distinct, temporally dependent demands upon perceptual-cognitive and motoric resources. These unique regulatory profiles influence subsequent motor performance outcomes. Critically, the degree to which regulatory strategies are appropriate or ideal varies given environmental constraints along with performers’ affective and performance goals. The model includes testable hypotheses to guide theoretical and applied research in the domain of ER within sport and other motor performance contexts.  相似文献   
2.
ABSTRACT

Participation in youth sport is positively associated with physical fitness and performance. The purpose of the current study was to examine if physical fitness measures during childhood and early adolescence predicted high school sport participation. Participants included youth in the Michigan State University Motor Performance Study. Measures consisted of the endurance shuttle run, Wells sit-and-reach, jump and reach, standing long jump, agility shuttle run and 30-yard dash. Individual, generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the association between each measure and the odds of participating in high school sport. For both sexes, the endurance shuttle run and agility shuttle run were related to sport participation. For boys only, the long jump and 30-yard dash were also associated with sport participation. Better physical fitness and performance across several dimensions in childhood, including those related to motor skills, enhanced the likelihood of sport participation in high school.  相似文献   
3.
近年来,大学生身体素质不佳,已成为"老大难",也是刻不容缓需要解决的问题,多地曾出现在体测、运动会、马拉松中晕倒甚至猝死事件,这给学校体育工作的开展带来不小的考验。带着因涉跑引起猝死的疑问,通过猝死案例分析,探究高校大学生猝死的病理学的非运动成因。研究认为:涉跑猝死的主因是先天性生理疾病,运动不是引发猝死的主要诱因,并提出了预防运动猝死的"堵疏结合"的医学监控策略和体医融合防卫机制构建方法。建议通过入校时医学筛查、跑前医学检查、跑中医学观察、猝死现场急救、跑后跟踪复查降低猝死风险;建立宿舍、运动场地、运动项目的全覆盖的心脏复苏志愿队伍,实施"黄金8分钟"内的急救生存链;建立学生、学校、政府、社会四方体育运动分级分类保险制度,从风险转移和人道主义援助进行关怀;建立涉跑猝死、猝死、非正常死亡的数据库,开展非正常死亡人员的病理学研究;建立全生命周期医学监控和健康安全宣传教育,形成全方位、全过程、全人员的体医融合防卫机制。  相似文献   
4.
随着近几年社会经济的迅速发展,人们的生活水平也有了显著的提高,在日常生活和生产过程中都会增加对电力的需求量,为了确保社会经济稳定健康发展,要注重电力系统在安全方面的决定性作用。为此,要想给社会生产带来更大的保障,就要加强改善电力系统。文章主要分析了变频调速技术在实际电机拖动中的应用,以期在降低能耗的同时,合理运用电机拖动中变频调速的技术。  相似文献   
5.
ABSTRACT

In this paper, we draw on the ‘dilemma of difference’ to discuss the dangers and affordances of diagnosis within two of the most prevalent, yet under-supported, disabilities affecting school-age children: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). The dilemma that exists between denying and thereby ignoring difference on the one hand, versus recognising and potentially stigmatising difference on the other, will be explored and the consequences outlined. Our aim is to achieve a middle ground that conceives of diagnosis as a helpful starting point to enable educators to address barriers to access and participation through appropriate adjustments to curriculum, pedagogy and assessment.  相似文献   
6.
旨在设计以直流减速电机为动力元件,利用编码器精准控制的闭环控制系统。研究霍尔编码器控制原理,利用霍尔编码器实现电机转动圈数控制、调速以及定位功能|研制内镜缝合器电动控制系统,阐述系统驱动机构组成部分,以及器械运动控制算法,利用参数调节合适的PWM波占空比,以实现对器械运动的精准控制,并通过外部传感器进行验证。结果表明,当PWM波占空比在80%~100%之间时,运动速度合理,电机测试精度变化范围大致为-0.007%~0.567%,精度较高。该研究为内窥镜器械的电动控制系统开发提供了理论基础,且具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   
7.
基本运动技能的教学与测评是近年来国际上儿童体育教育领域的热点议题,是儿童技能发展与培养必须直面的重要问题。在学校体育中,如何透过技能的测评来实现基本运动技能科学的指导与发展是学龄早期体育教学的核心关注点。文章参考国外众多基本运动技能教学教材与评价工具,试以最大化发挥学龄早期体育教育的价值为研究的根本目标,通过从基本运动技能测评的目的与价值、内容标准指标的确定、实施的环境与过程以及测评需遵循的基本原则四个方面来分析运动技能定性测评体系构建的程序问题,在一定程度上缓解我国儿童基本运动技能测评相关理论发展滞后的问题,为我国儿童青少年基本运动技能科学有序的发展提供理论保障和现实的基础意义。  相似文献   
8.
ABSTRACT

To maintain the accuracy of squash shots under varying conditions, such as the oncoming ball’s velocity and trajectory, players must adjust their technique. Although differences in technique between skilled and less-skilled players have been studied, it is not yet understood how players vary their technique in a functional manner to maintain accuracy under varying conditions. This study compared 3-dimensional joint and racket kinematics and their variability between accurate and inaccurate squash forehand drives of 9 highly skilled and 9 less-skilled male athletes. During inaccurate shots, less-skilled players hit the ball with a more open racket, demonstrating a difference in this task-relevant parameter. No joint kinematic differences were found for accuracy for either group. Coordinated joint rotations at the elbow and wrist both displayed a “zeroing-in” effect, whereby movement variability was reduced from the initiation of propulsive joint rotation to a higher consistency at ball-impact; potentially highlighting the “functionality” of the variability prior to the impact that enabled consistent task-relevant parameters (racket orientation and velocity) under varying conditions. Further, highly skilled players demonstrated greater consistency of task-relevant parameters at impact than less-skilled players. These findings highlight the superior ability of highly skilled players to adjust their technique to achieve consistent task-relevant parameters and a successful shot.  相似文献   
9.
This study focuses on the experience of 20 Spanish faculty members who teach students with disabilities. We conducted semi‐structured individual and group interviews, and analysed the data using an inductive system of categories and codes. The results of this work describe the difficulties that faculty members encountered when including students with disabilities, and how they attended, through reasonable adjustments, to the educational needs of their students. Their testimonies produced a profile of professionals who recognise their own shortcomings while valuing the actions that they have undertaken in order to meet the needs of their students. From their perspective, these actions were more closely linked to their own willingness and the students’ efforts than to the training they had received on disability. In this sense, the present study shows that universities must provide more meaningful training in the field of disability and make firm institutional commitments to supporting their faculty members.  相似文献   
10.
Many sports require athletes to rapidly transform visual information into a targeted motor response, a process referred to as visuomotor reaction. On the behavioural level, athletes have long been established to achieve faster simple visuomotor reaction times when compared to non-athletes. However, although the superior performance in athletes has been attributed to the central nervous system, the underlying neural mechanisms remained poorly studied. More recently, a growing number of neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies systematically addressed the functional and structural modulations in the athletes’ visual and motor systems as well as their contribution to visuomotor performance. This article reviews current research on structural and functional characteristics of the athletes’ cortical visuomotor system associated with simple visuomotor reactions, sports-specific visuomotor performance and visuomotor training. The primary objective is to shed light on the neural mechanisms potentially contributing to superior visuomotor reaction performance in athletes participating in visuomotor demanding disciplines. A more comprehensive understanding of performance-determining neural functions could provide great potential for diagnostics and training to improve athletic performance.  相似文献   
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