Carnosine in health and disease     

Guilherme Giannini Artioli  Craig Sale  Rebecca Louise Jones 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(1):30-39

Abstract

Carnosine was originally discovered in skeletal muscle, where it exists in larger amounts than in other tissues. The majority of research into the physiological roles of carnosine have been conducted on skeletal muscle. Given this and the potential for muscle carnosine content to be increased with supplementation, there is now a large body of research examining the ergogenic effects (or otherwise) of carnosine. More recent research, however, points towards a potential for carnosine to exert a wider range of physiological effects in other tissues, including the brain, heart, pancreas, kidney and cancer cells. Taken together, this is suggestive of a potential for carnosine to have therapeutic benefits in health and disease, although this is by no means without complication. Herein, we will provide a review of the current literature relating to the potential therapeutic effects of carnosine in health and disease.  相似文献   

Body composition differences by age and playing standard in male rugby union and rugby league: A systematic review and meta-analysis     

Tom Geeson-Brown  Ben Jones  Kevin Till  Sarah Chantler  Kevin Deighton 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(19):2161-2176

ABSTRACT

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine differences in body compositionn between playing standard and age in male rugby union and rugby league athletes. The MOOSE (Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines for design, implementation, and reporting were followed. Studies were required to be in male rugby union or league and have body composition as the primary or secondary outcome. Data was required to be presented separately for positional groups and body composition presented as whole-body. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and CINHAHL via EBSCOhost. 57 studies were included for meta-analysis. Results highlighted significantly higher fat-free mass in senior elite than senior sub-elite or junior elite athletes for all RU and RL forwards. Small and non-significant differences were found in fat mass between rugby union playing standards and age categories. Rugby league senior elite forwards had less fat mass than junior elite forwards. Practitioners should prioritise training and nutritional strategies that maximise fat-free mass development, especially in junior elite cohorts.  相似文献   

The effect of exercise interventions on resting metabolic rate: A systematic review and meta-analysis     

Kristen MacKenzie-Shalders  Jaimon T. Kelly  Daniel So  Vernon G. Coffey  Nuala M. Byrne 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(14):1635-1649

ABSTRACT

The systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of aerobic, resistance and combined exercise on RMR (kCal·day^-1) and performed a methodological assessment of indirect calorimetry protocols within the included studies. Subgroup analyses included energy/diet restriction and body composition changes. Randomized control trials (RCTs), quasi – RCTs and cohort trials featuring a physical activity intervention of any form and duration excluding single exercise bouts were included. Participant exclusions included medical conditions impacting upon RMR, the elderly (≥65 years of age) or pregnant, lactating or post-menopausal women. The review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD 42,017,058,503). 1669 articles were identified; 22 were included in the qualitative analysis and 18 were meta-analysed. Exercise interventions (aerobic and resistance exercise combined) did not increase resting metabolic rate (mean difference (MD): 74.6 kCal·day^-1[95% CI: ?13.01, 161.33], P = 0.10). While there was no effect of aerobic exercise on RMR (MD: 81.65 kCal·day^-1[95% CI: ?57.81, 221.10], P = 0.25), resistance exercise increased RMR compared to controls (MD: 96.17 kCal·day^-1[95% CI: 45.17, 147.16], P = 0.0002). This systematic review effectively synthesises the effect of exercise interventions on RMR in comparison to controls; despite heterogenous methodologies and high risk of bias within included studies.  相似文献   

梅州市文化公园人工湖富营养化分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄晓霞 《嘉应学院学报》2008,26(6):86-90

通过对梅州市文化公园人工湖水体中总磷（TP）、总氮（TN）、叶绿素（Chla）、化学需氧量（CODMn）、透明度（SD）等水质参数实际监测的统计计算,采用综合营养状态指数法对文化公园水质的营养状况进行了分析和综合评价,计算统计结果表明,文化公园人工湖水体处于重度富营养化状态并趋向稳定,并就文化公园人工湖的具体情况及其现状提出防治建议。  相似文献   

土壤吸收力问题的提出及其在农业化学的理论与实践中的价值     

印天寿 《安徽科技学院学报》1993,(1)

土壤吸收力问题是我们近十多年来在农业化学理论与实践上注意到的一个新的问题。本文汇报我们在土壤吸收力比较研究方法与某些水稻土吸收力比较研究上所做的工作。目前这方面的工作国内外开展均不多,研究表明,土壤吸收力问题如得到充分的研究与应用,必将能够大大地丰富我们因地制宜的施肥理论和实践,在农业化学的教学、科研、生产上均有重要的理论价值和实践意义。是化学工作者服务于农学的一个重要方面。  相似文献   

同老年教师谈营养与健康     

秦文芬 《潍坊教育学院学报》2001,14(1):72-72

本文分析老教师保健方面的薄弱环节 ,并提出针对性的有力措施 ,力求在高校师生保健方面减少盲区 ,实现全民健身  相似文献   

《敦煌石室地志残卷考释》匡补(一)     

施谢捷 《南京师范大学文学院学报》2003,(2):160-165

本对王仲荦先生《郭煌石室地志残卷考释》的校释作了部分订补。  相似文献   

"健康意识"如何在大众传媒上进行表述--兼评《长江日报》"健康百事"专栏     

杨芳芳 《培训与研究》2003,20(3):80-82

本以个案分拆的方式，通过对《长江日报》“健康百事”版的价值分析，阐释了在大众传媒上副刊和新闻如何“嫁接”的问题。  相似文献   

Comparison of three instructional strategies in food and nutrition education: developing a diet plan for a diabetic case     

Aubteen Darabi  Shirin Pourafshar  Rinki Suryavanshi  Thomas ‘Logan’ Arrington 《International Journal of Science Education》2016,38(7):1197-1211

This study examines the performance of dietitians-in-training on developing a diet plan for a diabetic patient either independently or after peer discussion. Participants (n?=?58) from an undergraduate program in food and nutrition were divided into two groups based on their prior knowledge before being randomly assigned into three conditions: (1) peer discussion with just-in-time information (JIT information), (2) peer discussion without JIT information), and (3) independent performers. The learners’ performance in the three conditions was analyzed. The results presented here describe the role of prior knowledge and JIT information across the conditions and the interaction of the two factors as well as the instructional implications of the findings.  相似文献   

体能主导类快速力量性项群运动能量供应特点与营养补充     

惠振宇  崔志通  郭可雷 《宜春学院学报》2006,28(2):153-154

体能主导类快速力量性项群运动能量供应主要以磷酸原系统供能为主,根据这一特点选择适合该项目运动员的营养补充,为此项目运动员成绩的提高与机体的有效恢复提供依据。  相似文献