高强度的环境规制能够促进国内大气科技创新吗？——以〖SO〗_2排放控制技术为例          下载免费PDF全文

林玲  赵子健  曹聪丽 《科研管理》2018,39(12):45-52

从理论上来说，波特弱假说涉及双重外部性问题，即大气污染的负外部性和技术创新的正外部性，环境规制和知识产权保护合力才能予以切实彻底解决，而后者并没有得到普遍重视。本文认为，波特弱假说需要考虑知识产权保护强度。以SO_2排放控制技术为例，本文运采用2000-2013年省际省份面板数据，结合固定效应模型进行实证研究检验了知识产权保护对于波特弱假说的作用。结果发现，当知识产权保护较弱时，环境规制对大气科技创新具有呈现负向影响；。只有当知识产权保护较强时力度超过一定阈值时，环境规制才会对大气科技创新产生正向影响，波特弱假说成立。此外，环境规制和知识产权保护影响大气科技创新的交叉效应主要出现在企业，而非科研院所和个人，创新主体存在明显的差异性。  相似文献   

Becoming and being DLP: Designated Liaison Persons’ experience of the role in the Irish primary school†     

Margaret Nohilly 《Irish Educational Studies》2018,37(1):19-32

This paper reviews the role of the Designated Liaison Person (DLP) for Child Protection in the Irish primary school context. This is a role assigned by the Board of Management to a person in the school who oversees all matters pertaining to child protection including reporting abuse, liaising with staff and outside agencies in relation to child protection and meeting parents as required. Given the responsibilities associated with the role, it is normally the Principal teacher in the school who undertakes the role. A study undertaken with a number of DLPs in a variety of schools of different size and type highlights the multifaceted nature of the role, the supports available to DLPs and the challenges in undertaking this responsibility. The responsibility of ensuring the DLP is taking the correct course of action in making a referral of abuse in relation to a child is highlighted in the findings. Recent updates in child protection legislation which will impact on child protection procedures and policy in the school environment are also considered in this paper.  相似文献   

美国海洋油气开发环境保护管理对我国的启示研究_*     

曲艳敏  陶以军  刘捷  杨璐  李潇 《科技管理研究》2018,(23)

伴随海洋油气开发活动逐渐增多,对其的监督管理提出了更高要求。本文通过梳理美国海洋油气勘探开发环境保护管理的法律体系,研究其在墨西哥湾漏油事件后的监督管理框架,剖析海洋开发活动事前、事中和事后的管理制度,归纳总结了美国海洋油气开发环境保护管理值得借鉴的经验：一是建立了较为完整的法律法规体系和衔接较为紧密的制度体系,二是在管理中善于运用经济处罚和油污责任信托基金等经济手段,三是反应迅速、运行高效的海上溢油应急体系发挥着重要作用。通过总结这些经验,希望对提升我国海上油气开发管理水平起到借鉴作用。  相似文献   

困境与出路：我国性侵运动员犯罪行为的刑事规制探究          下载免费PDF全文

王桢 《河北体育学院学报》2019,33(1):19-27

近年来，性侵运动员的犯罪行为频发，成为国际社会聚焦的热点。以此审视我国运动员性法益的保护，虽有强奸罪、强制猥亵罪的刑事立法，却缺乏对该犯罪行为特殊性的深入思考，既不能在惩治犯罪人方面达到理想效果，亦不能在预防犯罪方面发挥良好功能。同时，司法中的“以纪代法”、针对性缺乏、未回应被害人需求等诸多问题，亦使该犯罪行为的刑事规制效果大打折扣。所以，在该犯罪立法上应有针对性采用附属刑法进行修正，完善犯罪的特别预防与一般预防制度；司法上，积极回应被害人的诉求，努力克服刑事规制过程中的各种困境，让运动员的性法益得到全面而充分的保护。  相似文献   

How are parental functioning and single parenthood associated with court outcomes? An analysis of child protection cases     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

Impaired parental functioning and single parenthood are considered risk factors for child maltreatment and being involved in the child protection context. Past research has shown that an impaired mental functioning and being a single parent are indicators of limited parenting resources. These risk factors are likely to be considered by family judges, which might lead to more intrusive court decisions concerning parental custody. To date, court data have rarely been investigated. The present study examined parental mental health and single parenthood using data from family law proceedings. The role of the fathers has been understudied and the few existing studies yielded contradictory results with respect to fathers’ involvement as risk or protective factor. Therefore, the study included both fathers’ data and mothers’ data. A total of 220 child protection court files with 343 affected children were coded using a category system. Parental mental health was coded as parental functioning in daily life and was significantly associated with the court outcome. Multilevel mediation analyses showed a significant indirect effect of maternal functioning on the intrusiveness of the court decisions via child maltreatment. Single motherhood moderated the effect: The indirect effect was more pronounced for single mothers. This study contributes to a better understanding of the population getting before court and the judicial process. Psychological attributes do play a role in the decision-making of judges; and taking the role of the fathers into account is necessary.  相似文献   

Effect of worker contacts on risk of child maltreatment recurrence among CPS-involved children and families     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

The mission and responsibility of child protective services (CPS) is to investigate maltreatment; intervene to protect children from harm; and promote safety, permanency, and well-being (DePanfilis & Salus, 2003; Goldman, Salus, Wolcott, & Kennedy, 2003). In 2015, approximately 7.2 million children in the United States were referred to CPS agencies, and 3.4 million children had an investigation or received an alternative response (US Department of Health & Human Services, 2017). Fluke, Shusterman, Hollinshead, and Yuan (2005) found that about one third of children with an allegation of maltreatment would have at least one re-report within a five-year period. Research indicates that the rates of child maltreatment or changes in indicators of child maltreatment have remained unchanged over time (Gilbert et al., 2012). Despite policies aimed at reducing or preventing maltreatment, the development of CPS systems across the United States, and a CPS workforce, the aggregate effects of the CPS system, services, and worker efforts are not well understood.  相似文献   

A situational crime prevention analysis of Anglican clergy’s child protective practices     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

To date, a predominant focus within the field of ‘clerical collar crime’ has revolved around institutional-level church responses to child sexual abuse events, survivors and offenders. Comparatively, little attention has been directed towards the micro-level and in particular, examining clerical responses to child sexual abuse. This article presents empirical findings concerning the ‘everyday’ child protective practices of Anglican clergy in the Diocese of Tasmania, Australia. Research data was acquired through open-ended qualitative interviews conducted with a sample of 34 clergy in a broader study of clerical culture, habitus and life amidst the ‘church abuse crisis’. The framework of Situational Crime Prevention is employed to evaluate the feasibility of clergy’s child-safe practices and comment on how these practices could be further altered through professional development. Research findings demonstrate that clergy possess an active awareness of risk, and execute a series of protective measures to minimise both sexual interactions with children and allegations of impropriety.  相似文献   

数字内容产品版权保护的演化博弈分析     

赵艳  王文举  倪渊 《图书情报工作》2019,63(2):43-51

[目的/意义]基于版权保护的演化博弈分析，有助于探究数字内容产品的原创主体对仿冒行为是否具有容忍度，以及不同仿冒水平下实施版权保护的策略选择，对规范数字内容产品市场主体行为具有一定指导意义。[方法/过程]首先借助演化博弈模型，分析原创主体与仿冒主体的利益演化过程，探究版权保护下原创主体对仿冒水平的容忍行为；然后通过细化博弈双方的利润函数模型，探究原创主体容忍度水平的决定因素。[结果/结论]原创主体对较小的仿冒水平存在一定的容忍度，对较高的仿冒水平零容忍。最大仿冒水平容忍度由仿冒交叉收益系数、收益模型常系数、产品研发成本系数和原创主体的产品研发努力水平倍数4个因素共同决定。  相似文献   

版权强国背景下版权保护对我国版权产业发展的影响研究     

宋伟  阮雪松 《科技管理研究》2019,39(8)

版权保护对我国版权产业发展具有重要的意义。基于我国2016年的相关数据,构建指标体系,测算出版权保护强度这一版权保护的关键因素,并结合外商投资、城镇单位文化、体育和娱乐业就业人数、文化、体育和娱乐业固定资产投资、每十万人口各级学校平均在校学生数共五个因素来分析版权保护对版权产业发展的作用机制。研究发现,版权保护强度、外商投资以及城镇单位文化、体育和娱乐业就业人数对版权产业发展具有不同程度的正向影响,其他两个因素则不显著,并据此相应地提出促进我国版权产业发展的对策建议。  相似文献   

Child safeguarding practices in light of the Deserving/Undeserving paradigm: A historical & contemporary analysis     

《Child abuse & neglect》2019

BackgroundContemporary child protection systems in the UK need to be seen in light of the late nineteenth century child rescue movement, at a time of curbs in public spending, shifts in attitudes towards children’s welfare and the development of social work. There are similarities in the social, institutional and legal contexts, between the nineteenth century and today, centralising ‘deservedness’, that determined and determines children’s access to services.ObjectiveThe current article compares historical data and practices of children in care in the UK, encompassing 1881–1918, with contemporary data and practices, through the lens of the deserving/undeserving paradigm, inherited from the Poor Law of 1834.Participants and SettingDrawing on two data sets, namely historic children’s case files (N = 108), 1881–1918 from the Children’s Society (a philanthropic institution) highlighting the perception of custodians, doctors, professionals, as well as children and parents, and current data from interviews with young care leavers and safeguarding practitioners (N = 42), our research focuses on the most disadvantaged children with complex needs and damaging (pre)care experiences.MethodsData is analysed using thematic content analysis, framed within critical realist ontology, taking account of stratified non-linear dynamics of processes at different levels.Results and ConclusionIn both data sets the inability to support certain children is justified by referring to their complex needs and mental health and behavioural problems., Here, the child is held accountable and placed in the ‘undeserving’ category and consequently misses out on help and support, highlighting a need for awareness, and reflective and reflexive practice among practitioners/professionals.  相似文献