The zone of proximal creativity: What dynamic assessment of divergent thinking reveals about students’ latent class membership     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2021

Divergent Thinking is a domain-general mental attribute closely associated with creativity that can be quantified through the use of text-mining algorithms. Past research has shown that students’ Divergent Thinking is malleable in response to relatively simple contextual prompts. In addition, there is substantial variance in the degree to which individual students’ Divergent Thinking is malleable, suggesting the presence of a student-specific zone-of-proximal-development in relation to creativity. Here, we adopted a dynamic assessment paradigm that included multiple conditions under which student Divergent Thinking was measured and fit a latent profile analysis model to that dynamic assessment data. We found that, although on average the Originality of student responses can be augmented through a prompt to generate surprising or unusual ideas, three latent classes emerged that differed significantly on their patterns of augmentation. These three latent classes were termed: (a) Conventional Thinkers (7.80% of the sample), whose response to the Divergent Thinking task were highly constrained and unoriginal across all conditions (b) Prompted Shifters (66.56%), whose Originality significantly increased across conditions, and (c) Idea Generators (25.64%), whose responses were highly original across all conditions. These latent profiles were validated in regard to personality characteristics and domain-specific creative activities, with Idea Generators reporting significantly more Openness and Intellect, less Industriousness, and more creative activities across the domains of Literature, Music, Sports, Visual Art, Science, and Cooking than did the other latent classes.  相似文献   

Optimised force-velocity training during pre-season enhances physical performance in professional rugby league players     

Adam Simpson  Mark Waldron  Emily Cushion  Jamie Tallent 《Journal of sports sciences》2021,39(1):91-100

ABSTRACT

The effectiveness of 8-week force-velocity optimised training was assessed in highly trained professional rugby league athletes. Players (age 24 ± 3 years; body mass 94.9 ± 21.6 kg; height 181.3 ± 6.0 cm) were strength-matched and assigned to a force-velocity optimised group (OP; n = 15) or a general strength-power group (GP; n = 14). Tests included 10-m, 20-m sprints, 3 repetition-maximum squat and squat jumps over five load conditions to ascertain vertical force-velocity relationship. ANCOVA revealed there was a group effect for force-velocity deficit (P < 0.001), with the OP two-fold greater than the GP group (OP pre: 51.13 ± 31.42%, post: 62.26 ± 31.45%, GP pre: 33.00 ± 19.60%, post: 31.14 ± 31.45%, P < 0.001). There were further group effects for 3RM squat (OP pre: 151.17 ± 22.95 kg, post: 162.17 ± 24.16 kg, GP pre: 156.43 ± 25.07 kg, post: 163.39 ± 25.39 kg, P < 0.001), peak power (OP pre: 3195 ± 949 W, post: 3552 ± 1033 W, GP pre: 3468 ± 911 W, post: 3591 ± 936 W, P < 0.001), and SJ (OP pre: 39.79 ± 7.80 cm, post: 42.69 ± 7.83 cm, GP pre: 40.44 ± 6.23 cm, post: 41.14 ± 5.66 cm, P < 0.001). Prescribing F-V deficit training is superior for improving physical performance within highly trained RL players.  相似文献   

Diversity Literary Awards: A Tool for Assessing an Academic Library’s Collection     

Laurel Kristick 《资料收集管理》2020,45(2):151-161

Abstract

Diversity literary awards and other sources were used to create a list of high-quality titles written by and about underrepresented groups. This list was used to assess the diversity and inclusiveness of the library collections of a land-grant university in the Pacific Northwest and compare it to peer institutions. Gaps in the collection and acquisition processes were identified and will be used to improve the processes to increase the number of diverse titles added to the library’s collections.  相似文献   

Analyzing Food Science Research for Publishing Characteristics as a Model for Understanding the Needs of Researchers     

Lutishoor Salisbury  Jeremy J. Smith  Abayomi Omotola Omolewu 《资料收集管理》2020,45(4):335-353

Abstract

This paper provides a methodology to study the characteristics of the research output from a university department. The faculty publications and their cited references over a 10-year period were used as the basis for this study to identify their publishing patterns and the types of material they are publishing; a core set of journals and other resources they are publishing in and citing over this period; the characteristics of the journals in which they publish and cite; the degree of openness of their publications and their citation advantage; and the age of resources that are referenced.  相似文献   

基于极化分解组合的SAR图像视觉优化和建筑物损毁评估     

刘杉  张风丽  韦诗莹  刘娜  邵芸 《中国科学院大学学报》2020,37(6):750-759

建筑物损毁评估对灾害应急监测具有重要意义。极化SAR图像蕴含丰富的地物信息，并且记录有目标地物的极化散射矩阵，可用于建筑物的损毁评估。针对完好和损毁建筑物两类目标的散射特征，利用Touzi分解散射角α_s1、去定向后Yamaguchi分解二次散射分量和Touzi分解散射对称度|τ₂|进行RGB彩色合成，对极化SAR图像进行视觉优化，进而利用单一时相SAR图像快速识别出不同损毁程度的建筑物区域。以2011年3月11日发生在日本东北部海域的地震为例，利用灾后的ALOS PALSAR全极化数据开展实验分析，并利用汶川地震RADARSAT-2图像对提出的方法进行验证。结果表明，通过对极化参量的组合不仅可以优化建筑物目标的视觉显示效果，同时可提高不同损毁程度建筑物区域识别度，从而大大降低灾害评估对于数据源的限制和要求。  相似文献   

Development and reliability of the KIM cycling scale – a measurement tool for the development process to cycling independently     

Jennifer Kavanagh  Kieran Moran  Johann Issartel 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2020,25(2):174-187

ABSTRACT

Background: Cycling has gained more attention as an important lifelong physical activity. Learning to cycle independently without assistance is a milestone for most children that requires time and practice to master. Cycling was recently added to the motor development model and so a valid and reliable measure of cycling ability is required to allow accurate assessment of the skill. Cycling has many health benefits along with being a commonly reported physical activity globally and therefore is an important skill to promote in early childhood and throughout life. To date, there are no measurement tools examining the developmental process to independent cycling in the early childhood years. The current study aimed to develop and assess the inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the ‘KIM Cycling Scale’.

Methods: Development of the scale occurred in four phases: (1) development of criteria and stages, which used observation of children when learning to cycle and expert panels to develop the initial developmental stages, (2) review of instructions and criteria and pilot inter-rater and test-retest reliability, to ensure that the scale could be used as a standalone scale without requiring further instructions (3) cycling intervention, which allowed assessment of the developmental nature of children along the scale as they learn to cycle independently and to assess typical and alternate routes to independent cycling and (4) inter-rater and test-retest reliability.

Results: Ninety children took part in phase 1, thirty-six children took part in phase 2, seventy-four children took part in phase 3 and one hundred and forty-nine children took part in phase 4. All three hundred and forty-nine children were between 2 and 6 years. The developed scale included eight stages in total. The scale was found to have excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC?=?0.97, 95% CI?=?0.96–0.98) and good to excellent test-retest reliability [(ICC?=?0.91, 95% CI?=?0.87–0.94) & (ICC?=?0.90, 95% CI?=?0.85–0.93)]. Typical routes to independent cycling along the scale were examined and reported as being step-wise on all occasions except one where a two stage jump was as common as the step-wise route. Alternate routes were also reported.

Conclusion: The current study developed a reliable measurement tool for assessing children between 2 and 6 years of age on the developmental process to independent cycling. Having a cycling scale will allow teachers and practitioners to assess competence in cycling and moreover, track changes in skill development. Furthermore, parents could also use the scale to better understand and better asses their child’s progression when learning to cycle.  相似文献   

大健康视野下老年功能性力量评估——以武汉市老年太极人群为例     

肖剑  邹克宁  李小兰 《武汉体育学院学报》2019,53(2):74-80

采用文献法、测试法、数理统计等方法，以武汉市十三个行政区内528名以太极拳为主要体育健身方式的老年人为样本，以马步蹲起、弓箭步蹲起、肘撑侧桥、肘撑侧桥举腿等与日常生活活动相关联的四个基础动作为测试内容。研究表明，受试人群普遍存在下肢与躯干的功能性力量不足、左右侧肌肉链力量不均衡的问题。虽然样本人群经常进行以太极拳为主要形式的体育锻炼，但在锻炼过程中侧重于套路技能的演练，对功能性力量训练的认识不足及缺乏相应的训练方法，存在科学性盲区，需要引起重视。  相似文献   

Discrete Choice Modeling in Education: An Innovative Method to Assess Teaching Practices     

Vasilis Grammatikopoulos  Athanasios Gregoriadis  Michalis Linardakis 《Educational Measurement》2019,38(3):46-54

Self‐reported measures are an easy, time‐efficient, and low‐cost way to collect research data compared to other assessment methods. They are, however, characterized by several limitations regarding the quality and the clarity of the data they produce, especially when they are implemented in education. The main purpose of the current study was to use a method called discrete choice modeling (DCM) in education, in order to develop a self‐reported instrument that will reduce the bias for socially desirable responses and to assess teachers’ practices in physical activity. DCM method has the ability to overcome the respondents’ tendency to answer in a socially desirable way. A nationally representative sample of 531 Greek early educators participated in this study and were administered a self‐assessment questionnaire based on DCM. Results showed that the DCM based newly developed instrument manages to assess effectively educators’ practices and provided evidence of the applicability of the method in education. Further implications and future recommendations regarding the effective application of DCM in education are discussed.  相似文献   

短跑专项力量训练手段训练效应的实证研究——以拖重物跑为例     

王蓓  谢慧松  刘少飞 《武汉体育学院学报》2019,53(8):82-88

研究目的：探究拖重物跑训练手段对短跑运动员的身体素质、途中跑阶段的技术特征及下肢环节肌肉力量的影响，深入认识其对短跑途中跑技术和专项力量的作用机制。研究方法：对14名男子二级左右水平短跑运动员进行为期8周每周3次6%~10% BM负荷的拖重物跑训练，采用高速摄像分析法、等动肌力测试法分析运动员身体素质；支撑阶段髋、膝、踝关节运动学参数和下肢各环节肌肉力量实验前后的变化情况。结果：（1）实验后运动员30m、60m、立定跳远、立定三级跳远等身体素质及专项成绩显著提高；（2）步长、重心水平速度显著性提高，两大腿剪绞平均速度提高、单步时间减少；支撑阶段最小膝、踝角显著降低，角速度提高；（3）髋、膝关节伸/屈肌群PT/BW、AP除膝关节60°/sPT/BW值未见统计学意义，其余各角速度下PT/BW、AP均呈显著性差异，踝关节跖屈肌群各角速度下PT/BW值显著提高，跖屈肌群60°/s速度下AP提高，背屈肌群AP略降低。结论：适宜负荷的拖重物跑训练可显著改善短跑运动员运动素质、提高运动成绩；有利于提高髋关节剪绞-制动力量，使膝、踝关节处于低位超等长"屈蹬"状态；提高了髋、膝关节屈伸肌群快速主动收缩能力及踝关节跖屈肌群退让性快速收缩能力。  相似文献   

Building strong foundations for educational achievement: Language assessments in early childhood education for deaf and hard of hearing children     

Patrick J. Graham  Elizabeth Shuler-Krause 《Psychology in the schools》2020,57(3):418-425

It is widely accepted that assessment plays a role in monitoring the development of young children with special needs in early intervention/early childhood settings. The process of assessing young children's language skills often looks for delays within a solid language foundation. However, many children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) may not have a solid language foundation to assess, leading to inaccurate assessment. When we reframe how we assess language skills in children who are DHH, we ensure the assessment provides a comprehensive picture of the child's language development. It is important to modify language assessment tools where necessary while ensuring the assessment stays reliable and valid. It is critical to use multiple assessment tools to monitor the child's progress, including standardized assessments and assessment tools normed for DHH populations. Finally, it is crucial to monitor the child's skills in each language that they are using, regardless of which language is used most often. We explain why each of these factors needs to be considered in the assessment of young children who are DHH, will discuss the challenges of assessing this population, and will provide solutions to some of the challenges of assessing language skills in of young children who are DHH.  相似文献